...Project Management A project manager controls costs. He monitors and controls the budget in addition to making sure that the comparison of the actual cost with the baseline cost is met for every operation. This leads to the control cost. The application of the control cost process is based on the project operating within the financial benchmark and management of the project expenditure. Similar to other aspects of cost control, the existence of variance from the baseline makes one to find what brought about the variance. This makes one decide the most appropriate step. The application of earned value management is applied in this case to measure the project cost performance, development and application of cost control. The project manager has to be proactive and not wait for variances to happen, but impact and control issues that lead to variance. Focus is dwelt on the most relevant steps to acquire the actual cost in alignment with the plan through altering other strategies or through altering how work is done. The process is based on cost variance. A positive outcome is beneficial to a company while a negative outcome is disastrous to a company. Generally, cost control is described as assessing the status of the project, keeping tabs on the project budget and managing the alterations that are required to the cost baseline. The Mindjet MindManager to meet his 30 to 60% productivity has to manage his cost in the best way possible. Through this inventiveness, association...
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...Fatigue Wear Control Method Lowering the coefficient of friction between two contact surface is the most effective way of preventing fatigue-based wear. The surface traction forces are insufficient for delamination in sliding or contact fatigue in rolling to occur if low coefficient friction. Another important aspect in controlling fatigue wear in both sliding and rolling is the material “cleanliness”. Clean material with with minimum imperfections should be selected for sliding and rolling contacts. Enhancement of material properties such as hardness, to reduce crack growth can also be benificial in some cases. However, this method is limited by the increased brittleness of hard materials. These are several methods that used in industry to control fatigue wear. 1.Surface compression Higher strength metal such as hard alloy and steel that defects or flaws in the surface produce effect on fatigue life lby acting as points of stress concentration. These stress risers may include foreign matter, void, nicks and scratched produced in the drawing or other fabtication operation, scale due to heat treatment or tempering, defects produced in packing and shipping or in manufacturing operations such as coiling and grinding. All of this reduce fatigue life has been known for many years that surface compression will reduce the adverse effect of these defects and flaws on fatigue life by eliminating or masking their effect. Surface compression can be introduced by performing shot peening...
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...ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY BAUCHI, SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE. COURSE TITTLE: COST ACCOUNTING (BAT 212) ASSIGNMENT QUESTION:- WITH A CASE STUDY, DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATION OF COSTING TECHNIQUES IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA? (CASE STUDY OF YANKARI MASS TRANSIT CORPORATION) By Nwankwo Stephen c. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the assignment 1.2 Purpose/objectives of the assignment 1.3 Definition of the term 1.4 Historical background of the case study ABSTRACT The aim of the assignment is to find out the importance of using costing techniques such as operating costing, standard costing, direct costing, absorption costing etc. in one of the sub-sector of Nigerian economy(hospitality). And also to identify the techniques adopted by the hospitality industry and it’s important to the organization. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE ASSIGNMENT The hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that include lodging, transportation, and additional fields within the tourism industry. Since the introduction of money, people have been concerned with cost. They think of how to manage money. Costing system was first recognized in manufacturing industries with the aim of finding the cost of production or cost of a product, presently, the...
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...Real-Time FAT File System in Mobile Multimedia Devices Sunhwa Park and Seong-Young Ohm Abstract — Flash memory has become the most important storage media in the mobile multimedia products such as MP3 players, mobile phones, and digital cameras. Most mobile multimedia devices, however, use one of the conventional FAT file systems slightly modified for flash memory environments. Our analysis shows that theses file systems have some restriction in recording a live multimedia stream stably because they have irregular write response times. In this paper, we have considered the problems of the existing FAT file system and propose two new techniques to solve the problems. The first technique called Sector Reservation method reduces internal overhead effectively. And the other method called ACPA avoids the periodic cluster allocation of the conventional FAT file system and removes the frequent modifications on the file allocation table in the FAT file system. To evaluate our new techniques, we implemented a prototype Real-Time FAT file system on ARM9 board with our two novel techniques. The experimental results show that our system achieves our goal successfully in that its write response times are very deterministic and more uniform1. Index Terms — Flash memory, FAT file system, FTL, Mobile multimedia device. I. INTRODUCTION One of the distinct trends in recent years is the growth of mobile multimedia devices. Tiny MP3 players and digital cameras are replacing CD players and film cameras...
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...Perform an Affinity analysis. Method Labor Equipment Materials Follow instructions Efficient Training Calibration Materials to be used Understand the steps Product recognition The power to be used The structure or properties of the materials Work plan Process recognition Period of time that will be used Process to be worked The wellness of the employee b) Do a Relationship Matrix for the Headers of the Affinity. Method Labor Equipment Materials 1 2 3 4 Output input Method 1 X 3 0 Labor 2 X 1 2 Equipment 3 X 1 0 Materials 4 X 0 2 We have that there are 3 outputs on the method and 2 inputs in labor and material simultaneously; the method has no inputs, and the materials has no outputs, I consider that there are few ways that this can be solve, and by this another method is also solve. c) Develop a Tree Diagram or a Cause-Effect Diagram. d) Develop a Flow Chart of the plan. 2. (20 pts.) In your current job, who are some of your internal customers? Who are some of your external customers? In what way could you apply the Plan/Do/Study/Act cycle to improve the relationship with your customers? Has the "continuous improvement" cycle being applied in your company? If not, in your opinion, which milestones need to be reached before the "continuous improvement" cycle is applied in your company? Internal Customers:...
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...MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION [GIMPA] MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COURSE NUMBER: GMBA 607 MANAGING OPERATIONS Instructor: Dr. Samuel Famiyeh Office Location: D-Block, R14 GIMPA Main Campus E-Mails: sfamiyeh@gimpa.edu.gh APPOINTMENT TIME You are encouraged to talk to me about any problem or suggestions you may have concerning the course, careers, benefits of advanced courses in operations management, or things in general. If you can’t seem to find the time to talk with me face-to-face, send an email and I will respond as quickly as possible. DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or services). The course discusses the managerial processes underlying operations management in both service-providing and goods-producing organizations. Specific topics to be covered include introduction to operations management, forecasting, process design, capacity planning, facilities location and design, inventory management, supply...
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...Design 6. Data – Collection Methodology, Primary Data – Collection Methods / Measurement Techniques – Characteristics of Measurement Techniques – Reliability, Validity etc. – Secondary Data Collection Methods – Library Research, References – Bibliography, Abstracts, etc. 7. Primary and Secondary data sources and data collection instruments including in-depth interviews, projective techniques and focus groups 8. Data management plan – Sampling & measurement 9. Data analysis – Tabulation, SPSS applications data base, testing for association 10. Analysis Techniques – Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis Techniques – Techniques of Testing Hypothesis – Chi-square, T-test, Correlation & Regression Analysis, Analysis of Variance, etc. – Making Choice of an Appropriate Analysis Technique. 11. Research Report Writing. 12. .Computer Aided Research Methodology – use of SPSS packages Reference Text 1. Business Research Methods – Cooper Schindler 2. Research Methodology Methods & Techniques – C.R.Kothari 3. D. K. Bhattacharya: Research Methodology (Excel) 4. P. C. Tripathy: A text book of Research Methodology in Social Science(Sultan Chand) 5. Saunder: Research Methods for business students (Pearson) 6. Marketing Research –Hair, Bush, Ortinau (2nd edition Tata McGraw Hill) 7. Marketing Research Text & Cases – (Wrenn, Stevens, Loudon Jaico publication) 8. Marketing Research...
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...make sense because it is the fault of the company for not selling more units and not the end buyer. You can’t expect to create the same level of sales simply by increasing your product prices if you happen to sell a lower number of product units. The problem with the traditional cost computation led to the popularity of using activity based costing. The perspective at which the whole manner of computing the manufacturing cost associated with the end product is very radical compared to the traditional variable and fixed cost methods only. The activity based method depends on computing how much a physical resource is used for each individual activity in producing a product. The cost is computed using each activity with a cost tagged with it. The end computation would reflect how much the product is labor and time intensive to produce. The company is better able to decide on how much they are making per individual product compared to the traditional methods. The management of the company is better able to see where their winning products and which ones brings the...
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...98 AS 6 (revised 1994) Accounting Standard (AS) 6 (revised 1994) Depreciation Accounting Contents INTRODUCTION Definitions EXPLANATION Paragraphs 1-3 3 4-19 Disclosure 17-19 MAIN PRINCIPLES 20-29 94 AS 6 (issued 1982) Depreciation Accounting 99 Accounting Standard (AS) 6* (revised 1994) Depreciation Accounting [This Accounting Standard includes paragraphs set in bold italic type and plain type, which have equal authority. Paragraphs in bold italic type indicate the main principles. This Accounting Standard should be read in the context of the Preface to the Statements of Accounting Standards 1 and the ‘Applicability of Accounting Standards to Various Entities’ (See Appendix 1 to this Compendium).] Introduction 1. This Standard deals with depreciation accounting and applies to all depreciable assets, except the following items to which special considerations apply:— (i) forests, plantations and similar regenerative natural resources; (ii) wasting assets including expenditure on the exploration for and extraction of minerals, oils, natural gas and similar nonregenerative resources; (iii) expenditure on research and development; (iv) goodwill and other intangible assets; (v) live stock. This standard also does not apply to land unless it has a limited useful life for the enterprise. 2. Different accounting policies for depreciation are adopted by different enterprises. Disclosure of accounting policies for depreciation...
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...Techniques for steering of transient in Erbium-doped fiber laser; optimization of switch-on and switch-off. Literature Review The difficulty created by the oscillatory relaxation every time the laser power is changed was addressed very early on (1970's) in semiconductor lasers because of its implications in telecommunications. Consequently the optimization of the switch-on properties in semiconductor lasers, driven by the telecommunications market, has been a long-standing object of investigation. Over the decades, the only solution that was found was to make rectifications and modifications while producing the lasers and to fabricate them for telecommunications to make them less prone to oscillations. Many attempts were made at improving the laser’s performances under Direct Modulation either through changes in the structure of the semiconductor (e.g., by modifying the hetero-structures to reduce the ROs and improve the response [2]), by electric filtering, or by external means (e.g., through electric pulse shaping [2]), signal injection, optical feedback [2] technological solutions etc.). Most lasers used for technological applications belong to so-called Class B [3], which includes all solid-state, semiconductor, and CO2 lasers. All these devices have in common the long lifetime of the excited state (relative to both the medium polarization lifetime and to the photon lifetime in the cavity). All of them have the common unpleasant feature - the presence of Relaxation Oscillations...
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...accounting in undergraduate work. Topics covered include the principles and practices of financial accounting and the fundamentals of managerial accounting, such as cost behavior and budgeting. The course covers accounting theories using computational examples, and homework is problem solving. 4 FIN-504 Finance Principles This course is designed for individuals who are preparing for more advanced coursework in accounting and is designed for students who have not had finance in undergraduate work. Topics covered include financial analysis, financial planning, asset evaluation, capital structure, and working capital management. 4 SYM-506 Applied Business Probability and Statistics The purpose of this course is to prepare students in mathematical, probability, and statistical concepts for their upcoming studies in quantitative methods. The course is intended for those students who have not had any prior statistical education, although students who have had statistics should...
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...Instructor’s Manual with Test Items to accompany Applied Behavior Analysis Second Edition John O. Cooper ● Timothy E. Heron ● William L. Heward All, The Ohio State University Prepared by Stephanie Peterson, Idaho State University ● Renée K. Van Norman, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Lloyd Peterson, Idaho State University ● Shannon Crozier, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● Jessica E. Frieder, Idaho State University ● Peter Molino, Idaho State University ● Heath Ivers, Idaho State University ● Shawn Quigley, Idaho State University ● Megan Bryson, University of Nevada-Las Vegas ● David Bicard, University of Memphis [pic] Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson plc Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education...
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...should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee.” -Frederick Winslow Taylor Scientific Management was introduced by Frederick Taylor in the late 19th century. In this essay, I will address the question whether Scientific Management was for a different time and a different place. In this essay, I will analyze Taylor’s Scientific Management from different angles and base my argument on both sides. I will discuss that Scientific Management was introduced for manual labor industry, however, it can be applied and to today’s business world if it is carefully analyzed and reworked. I will argue that today’s management practice is derived from the foundations of Taylor’s Scientific Management and that in this sense his work is absolutely crucial. Finally, I will evaluate the relevance of Scientific Management to today, with help from a case study of the NUMMI car manufacturing plant. Taylors work focused on studying job processes, the way workers perform, learn the job and determine the most efficient ways of performing them. He found the formula of how to perform manual labor efficiently, quickly, with quality, error free and in a way to save energy. Motivation was kept by wage increases according to the amount of work the worker could possibly do. This is not t he way today’s work is done. In today’s society the average intelligence of employees has risen; people are more aware of their value. They are no...
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...CASE STUDY OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT – HARD ROCK CAFE CASE STUDY OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT – HARD ROCK CAFE Submitted by: Orson Gonzales Louella Malapad Olivia Kristine Pakingan Kristofer Jon Valderama Rubenstein Vallo EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hard Rock cafe has grown from a modest London pub to a global power in the restaurant business. From its humble beginnings to its current global position, Hard Rock was driven to success by a guided Operations Management. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction 4 II. Objectives and Scope a. General objectives of the group activity 5 b. Specific objectives of the group activity 5 c. Assumptions and Justifications 5 III. Methods / Approach 5 IV. Analysis and Discussion 6 V. Findings and Conclusion 11 VI. Recommendations ? VII. Annexes ? INTRODUCTION “Operations Management or OM is the set of management activities that create value in the form of goods and/or services by transforming inputs into outputs.” As for this case study, Hard Rock café creates value in the form of good food and entertainment. From its humble beginnings by founders Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London way back in 1971, to its current global status after 42 years in the industry, Hard Rock continues to expand and evolve. Modifying its menu from serving classic American - burger and chicken...
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...STUDENT NAME: ANAS ASWAT BIN YAHYA ID STUDENT: 2014415066 COURSE: OPERATION MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY 1: LEMAN ETHICS CASE STUDY 2: VENUS PAPER PRODUCTIONS CASE STUDY 3: MORTON AEROSPACE LECTURER: DR. ALWI SHABUDIN SUBMITTED: 19.12.2015 Case 1: Leman Ethics 1. Identify and discuss the major issue(s) in the case. i) Leman’s dilemmas on unusual opportunity vs. ethics of Leman’s organization. ii) Leman’s proposal to make-to-hold arrangement, with result approximately 10% saving. 2. What are the key facts of the case? i) Perjawa Steel is one of the distributors ii) There is a luxurious treatment offered by the Perjawa Steel on the trip iii) Perjawa Steel is taking an advantage on the trip by giving the luxurious treatment to the buyers. 3. What is the main problem in the case? i) The ethical problem is as opposed to the process in determining the best solution for the best operation management. 4. What alternatives should you consider when addressing this problem? i) Same proposal should be addressed to other distributors. ii) The balance between the right ethical conduct and the personal interest in that come to conflicting Leman in making wise decision. 5. How would you decide on the issue? i) The decision making should be based on the economic viability and...
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