...became the government agencies who wanted a modern national identity for the country. Later, this shifted to the private agencies and the nature of architecture also shifted from public sponsored to private. With the advent of globalization in the 1990’s, rapid socio cultural changes started taking place. With social, cultural and economic changes, the patronage also shifted to the ever increasing public sector that brought about a major change in the architecture, both its style and functions. The architecture of today is based on economy, efficiency, modern and progressive lifestyle and aspirations of people. With the shifting patronage there is a corresponding change in the style of architecture. Over the years, the continuity in architectural language seems to be broken somewhere. There was an important role played by the colonial architecture and later the post independence modern movement in the breaking this continuity. This research proposes to find that what is the role of patronage in today’s time...
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...Architecture Comprehensive Examination Reviewer HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1. The ornamental blocks fixed vertically at regular intervals along the lower edge of a roof to cover end tiles. a. ancones c. acroteria b. Antifixae 2. A continuous base or structure in which a colonnade is placed. a. stereobate c. stylobate b. Torus 3. The market in Greek architecture. a. Megaron c. agora b. Pylon 4. The smallest among the famous pyramids at Gizeh. a. Pyramid of Cheops c. Pyramid of Chephren b. Pyramid of Mykerinos 5. The largest outer court, open to the sky, in Egyptian temple. a. Sanctuary c. Irypaetral b. Irypostyle 6. The inner secret chamber in the mastaba which contains the statue of the deceased family member. a. Pilaster c. serdab b. Sarcophagus 7. The grandest of all Egyptian temples. a. Palace of Sargon c. Great temple of Ammon, Karnak b. Great temple of Abu-Simbel 8. The principal interior decoration of early Christian churches. a. stained glass c. painting b. mosaic 9. In early Christian churches, it is the covered space between the atrium and the church which was assigned to penitents. a. baldachino c. narthex b. apse 10. A dome placed on the drum. a. simple c. compound b. superpositioned 11. The architect of a church of Santa Sophia Constantinople, the most important church in Constantinople. a. Ictinus and Callicrates b. Apollodorous of Damascus and Isidorous on Miletus c. Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorous of Miletus 12. The second largest medieval cathedral...
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...Materials Readings for each week are provided both online on the course website at aafirstyearhts.wordpress.com and on the course library bookshelf. Students are expected to read each assigned reading every week to be discussed in seminar. The password to access the course readings is “readings”. TERM 1: CANONICAL BUILDINGS, PROJECTS, TEXTS In this first term of the lectures for this course, we will examine some of what are considered to be the most important modernist buildings, projects and texts from the 20th century. The course sets out to not only forensically scrutinise significant architects, movements, buildings/projects and texts, which by general consensus are considered to represent key moments in the history of architectural...
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...the means architects use to achieve novel forms of expression. Both of these perceptions are limited. Not only are they presented to us as two extremes of one thing, opposed to one another, but also as excluding one another. An architecture that follows a given style cannot be avant-garde because it makes use of compositional rules derived from the past; it is backward-looking and dependent on various forms of counterfeit to create the look of a bygone era. It is this tendency which, starting in the 1970s, has gained momentum as an option and has now become the universally accepted norm, with examples of buildings that show considerable ingenuity in the way tradition has been interpreted. The result, however, is a proliferation of architectural styles lacking in cogent ideas and which, in addition, have ended by debasing the very cultural values on which traditional...
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...SUBJECT CODE DESCRIPTIVE TITLE LAB LEC H O U R LAB U LEC CREDIT N I T PRE-REQUISITE CO-REQUISITE 1ST YEAR -1ST SEMESTER ARCH10 Architectural Design 1 (Introduction to Design) 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 ARCH20 Graphics 1 (Mechanical Drawing) 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH30 Visual Tech 1 (Monochromatic & Freehand 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 Drawing) ARCH50 Theory of Architecture 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ENGL11 Study & Thinking Skills 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 PD10 Essence of Personality 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 MATH 17 Algebra & Trigonometry 6.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 6.0 NSTP10 ROTC/CWTS/LTS 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 18.0 15.0 5.0 18.0 23.0 1ST YEAR -2ND SEMESTER ARCH11 Architectural Design 2 (Creative Design & 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 ARCH10 Fundamentals) ARCH21 Graphics 2 (Perspective Shades & Shadows) 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH20 ARCH31 Visual Tech 2 (Color Rendering & Still Life) 0.0 6.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 ARCH30 ARCH40 History of Architecture 1 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ARCH51 Theory of Architecture 2 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ARCH50 ENGL20 Writing Across Disciplines 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 ENGL11 PD20 Social Graces & Social Relations 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 PD10 MATH32b Differential Calculus w/ Analytic Geometry 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 MATH 17 NSTP20 ROTC/CWTS/LTS 2 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 NSTP10 20.0 15.0 5.0 20.0 25.0 2ND YEAR -1ST SEMESTER ARCH12 Architectural Design 3 (Creative Design in 1.0 6.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 ARCH11 Arch'l Interiors) ARCH32 Visual Tech 3 (Multi Media Presentation) 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0...
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...Chapter 2 The Genesis Bernhard hoesli and the Process of Design It is the spring of 1982;the venue,the auditorium of the School of Architectre,University of Texas at Arlington.Bernhard Hoesli is speaking to a capacity crowd;his first lecture in Texas since his departure from Austin in the summer of 1957. I have arrived late, having driven the 350miles from San Antonio to the Dallas-Fort Worth area.Though there is a substantial contingent of young architecture students for whom the lecture is only one of a series,glancing around I reacquaint myself with the older faces;the balding,graying heads in the hall----Duane Landry and Jane Lorenz Landry,Bill Odum,Bill Booziotes,Rik Mcbride,and many,many others---all former students of his,and all come to listen one more time to that heavily infected,though remarkably fluent,English;that familiar emphatic cadence,that keen,impassioned intelligence methodically,masterfully drive home the argument.Transported for the moment back in time twenty-five years,to Room 305 of the Architecture building in Austin,it is with a shock I realize that his hair is now snow white. Author First of all you see,it was a personality,a strong,radiant,convincing,dynamic personality.And therefore either you know it or you don’t;it is something which is immediate or else it doesn’t exist. Rene Furer,interview with the author,March 1993 Bernhard Hoesli was born in the Swiss canton of Glarus in 1923.At an early age,however,he moved with his parents...
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...ARCHITECTS ARCHITECTURE OR USERS ARCHITECTURE The construction industry is based around projects. Each project is every time different and unique on its own design, management and construction. Nevertheless a project is not only made out of concrete, wood or any of the materials used on it, a project is a lot more and a lot deeper than that. It is not a quick sketch on a napkin. A project is influenced by its atmosphere which is the location, the client or the user, and even the contractor hired for the project. Architecture is influenced by anything happening around it, which is why it changes every time its atmosphere changes. Böhme states that to experience space in its complete entirety. By inhabiting space individuals can sense the character that surrounds them. Inhabitants sense its atmosphere. Photography, written articles and the interpretation of other viewers of a space cannot compare to individual experience and interaction in interior spaces. Recently this way of interaction has become an important discussion between architects and designers. The process of a project is not anymore unique, and it becomes something functional. It is thought that a template can be followed even when the client or the factors involving the project change every time. For example many architects choose the same sub-contractors for each project as they believe they are trustful and successful, even when the clients have their specific needs and vary...
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...Step produced for ArchiCAD 8. The author, Thomas M. Simmons, spent seven years as an architect and served as the Director of Design Technology for Esherick, Homsey, Dodge and Davis Architects, an award-winning and internationally acclaimed architecture firm, before starting his company, ARCHVISTA. While at EHDD Architects, he was instrumental in integrating and managing ArchiCAD on a variety of projects including single-family houses, commercial buildings, libraries and aquariums. Simmons received a Master of Architecture degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Bachelor of Environmental Design degree from Texas A & M University. He has been a speaker on a variety of subjects including Beginning to Advanced ArchiCAD, Architectural Multimedia,...
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...The Hamilton Hotel The first Hamilton hotel was built in 1885-1889 and was attributed to Mr. J.M. Hamilton. The construction of this building transformed the Laredo community into a flourishing metropolis. Due to the escalation of the community’s popularity, the three story hotel would later undergo essential renovations. The San Antonio architectural firm of Ayres and Ayres engineered the distinctive construction of this Renaissance inspired building. The statuesque Hamilton Hotel stands its ground in South Laredo, Downtown at an appalling twelve stories high. The hotels prominent location, stylistic beauty, and the community’s determination to keep it preserved uphold the building to a high degree of architectural and historical integrity. Taking a walk through downtown, towards the esteemed Hamilton hotel is as if taking a stroll through history. Right across from the hotel is a pharmacy and a neighboring building that are only a few years younger. On the front, right corner, lays the Jarvis plaza and on its left is the U.S. Post Office/ Court House edifice. The Hamilton hotel is situated smack in the middle of all these historical landmarks. The favorable route is through the Jarvis Plaza and the U.S. Post Office/Court House. It is two o’clock in the afternoon and the sun is out with no mercy, but the green-leafed, willowed trees surrounding the court house provide a sufficient amount of shade. There’s very little commotion. No yelling or running, only pedestrians sitting...
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...Architects design all types of things. (What Does an Architect Do?) They design schools, skyscrapers, hospitals, churches and many other things. (What Does an Architect Do?) Almost ever building you walk into is most likely designed by a architect.(What Does an Architect Do?) If there was no architects what would this world do? A architects income is around $56,000-$85,000 per year. (Learn More Indiana) When you first start off as being an architect you are considered as a Junior Drafter, those are the ones that make around $56,000 a year. (Career Information Center Seventh Edition) Work place would be in a office. (Learn More Indiana) Some things that you would need to be capable of doing is public speaking. (Learn More Indiana) You would also need to be able to work independently and able to have a face-to-face conversation. (Learn More Indiana) A architect is easy to become as long as you have a collage degree for architecture and graduate collage. (Career Information Center Seventh Edition) Some training is needed. Courses that are needed are mechanical drawing, art, history, physics, and mathematics. (Career Information Center Seventh Edition) You also need to know how to draw blue prints and drawing plans. (What Does an Architect Do?) If you like art, this would be a good job for you because you may need to make paper or plastic models of your design. (What Does an Architect Do?) What you do as a architect. Architects do a lot of thinking. They have to...
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...The skyline of San Francisco is certainly a view that will remain in the minds of those that have witnessed it. A special building included in that skyline is a tall, white concrete column, known as Coit Tower. Coit Tower was completed in 1933 on the peak of Telegraph Hill. The tower is named after Lillie Hitchcock Coit, a wealthy advocate of the San Francisco firefighters. Although she died in 1929, she had money reserved for the construction of the tower as well as a monument dedicated to volunteer firefighters in Washington Square. The design of Coit Tower was done by Arthur Brown, Jr, an architect who designed the San Francisco City Hall. Coit Tower is a slender white concrete column easily visible when viewing the city's skyline. Although...
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...“The Bean”, more properly termed Cloud Gate, is an awe-inspiring sculpture in the heart of downtown Chicago, Il. In 2006, Indian born British artist Anish Kapoor created this sizable spectacle originally designed for a competition. Once Kapoor’s design was chosen, there were many obstacles to overcome in implementing the sculpture. Cloud Gate was formally dedicated on May 15, 2006, has gained considerable popularity with the public, and is now on display in Millennium Park as a tourist hotspot. This monument can be formally analyzed in terms of its obscure shape. The structure is an unusual shape for a monument. Most outside structures are simply rectangular or circular. This bean shape gives the piece an attractive and interesting quality, lending to peaked intrigue by viewers. Obscure works create mystery and fascination with them and the viewer. This shape enables the viewer to observe the sculpture from all sides, even underneath. This allows for all ages, even children, to enjoy the view and interact with “The Bean”, which lends to multiple visits of the site. Since the site is located in the heart of Chicago, the community will profit from this piece, even though it is free to view. Other venues, including malls and restaurants, will have increased sales when tourists come to view the spectacle. The color and texture of Cloud Gate leaves so much to the imagination. The shiny smooth outer surface allows for a “mirrored” affect. This simple yet elegant work allows for...
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...The Gothic Age Possible Introduction Standing before a piece of Gothic art, whether it is a painting, sculpture or a cathedral, you are drawn to a visual exploration like none you have ever seen. Where does the art start and end? The style of Gothic art draws the eye's attention at every turn. A choir of medieval spiritual beliefs is told in art, singing harmoniously in a language from long ago, which eludes us at the frontier of our memory reminding us of stories told throughout the years. History of Gothic Art Gothic is the name given to the style of architecture, painting, and sculpture which flourished in Western Europe, mainly France and England, between the 12th and 15th centuries. The label of 'Gothic' was coined in Italy, during the Renaissance, as a derogatory reference to the art and architecture of these earlier centuries. The defamation was a comparison to the earlier Goth barbarians. Goths were an ancient Teutonic people, who were an important power in the Roman world from the 3rd to the 6th century AD. The entire Goth population divided into the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths, aligned themselves with the Roman Empire, and set out to conquer and rule. It is during this timeframe that the artistic influence of the Goths took hold and began to spread, mixing Gothic and Roman artistic styles. With the passing centuries, Gothic became more clearly associated with the closing era of the medieval age. In time, the separating point between...
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...Society & Architectural Design Architecture is defined as the complex or carefully designed structure of an object. In this case architecture can apply to a variety of different examples that are not just buildings, or objects, but as a reflection upon the thoughts and ideas of the time period in history. In this essay I will be discussing the dramatic impact that architecture has had on the major civilizations throughout time by being able to display them in their works, which not only was a clear representation of the time but as well helped mold and solidify the society’s thoughts through expression. By taking examples from ancient to modern times I will examine how the architecture of these eras clearly displays the thoughts and ideas of the culture in which it was built upon and as well the society in which it is placed. As well I will be examining how several major key architects played a dynamic role in these critical showcases that represented their time. I will be taking architectural examples from; the ancient Egyptian time period, the gothic and medieval time period, the renaissance & pre-modern period and the now contemporary period. Each one of these unique periods of time in architectural design were clear representation of the dynamic time period in our history. Here, looking back at these time periods we can see the most incredible works in architectural design that still to this day help us understand the culture at the time. As well I will be...
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...also sparked a revival of Gothic architecture. After the Houses of Parliament burnt down in London (1834), the task of redesign the new building was assigned to Charles A. Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin. Their Gothic design of the new Houses of Parliament make it a prime example of Victorian architecture today (Tansey 955). It is important to recognize that Romantic architecture was not only a return to the past. Modern technologies and materials, as well as non-European influences, also played a role. (Sporre 495-98; Tansey 956). One example is the Crystal Palace designed by Sir Joseph Paxton for the Great Exhibition in London (1851). Made of iron and glass, it was designed to be rapidly put together and taken apart. Another noted architectural example of this period was John Nash’s Royal Pavilion in Brighton (1815-18). The design of this palace was greatly influenced by Islamic and Eastern architecture (Flynn; Sporre 495-98; Tansey 956, 1014). Victorian architecture was both a rediscovery of the past and the precursor of Modern architecture. Some buildings embodied both of these characteristics. The Houses of Parliament and the Crystal Palace’s outside architecture had little to do with their functions and internal design. Their architects were revolutionizing the world of architecture and ushering in the Modern era (Sporre...
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