...To complete this assignment, go to this week's Argumentative Paper link in the left navigation: Argumentative Paper An Argumentative Paper is due in Week Five. Below is a list of potential topics. Please see “Graded Writing Assignment Notices” in your Discussion Forum. This set of topics and the topics on the grading forum have all been tested over time and can be successfully argued from different perspectives. Thus you need to choose a topic where you can see at least two points of view and present both points. You will have your own opinion and need to present that in Part III of your argument. If you feel so strongly about a topic that you cannot see another point of view, avoid writing about it. Suggested Topics * Should abortions be legal? * Are Affirmative Action laws fair? * Should America have stronger Gun Control laws? * Should assisted suicide be legal? * Are charter schools/vouchers detrimental to the American educational system? * Should the death penalty be abolished? * Should homosexuals be allowed to legally marry? * Should homosexuals be allowed to be Christian ministers/pastors? * Should animals be used in medical research? * Is global warming a genuine threat to the planet earth? * Should human cloning be legal? * Should embryonic stem cell research be federally funded? Select one of the above issues and construct a six-to eight-page argument in which you use the following format. Your paper will...
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...Critical thinking is not a matter of accumulating information. A person with a good memory and who knows a lot of facts is not necessarily good at critical thinking. A critical thinker is able to deduce consequences from what he knows, and he knows how to make use of information to solve problems, and to seek relevant sources of information to inform him. Critical thinking is used in many situations. Students often use it to evaluate the plot of a book or a character’s motives in a literature class. Members of a debate team frequently think critically about a subject to form a strong argument and anticipate points their competitors might make. Diets using common sense, in which the focus is on how weight is gained and lost through calories and exercise, can require that the dieter thinks critically about his or her lifestyle. Many people use open-mindedness and empathy in their professional lives, allowing them to work better with others and complete tasks more effectively. Critical thinking should not be confused with being argumentative or being critical of other people. Although critical thinking skills can be used in exposing fallacies and bad reasoning, critical thinking can also play an important role in cooperative reasoning and constructive tasks. Critical thinking can help us acquire knowledge, improve our theories, and strengthen arguments. We can use critical thinking to enhance work processes and improve social institutions. Some people believe that critical thinking...
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...CRITICAL THINKING (HCT 1012) Question I : Geek Logics and Metaphysics in Critical Thinking Question II : Modern Western Philosophy in Critical Thinking Name : Muhammad Abid bin Ariffin Matric No : BS-04/12-00052 I/C No : 940621-10-5287 Session : 2013/2014 (03) Name of Lecturer : Mr. N.Krishnan Table of Content No. | Particular | Page | 1 | Acknowledgements | | 2 | Introduction | | 3 | Question I : Geek Logics and Metaphysics in Critical Thinking | | 4 | i.Background | | 5 | ii.Contribution | | 6 | Question II : Modern Western Philosophy in Critical Thinking | | 7 | i.Background | | 8 | ii.Contribution | | 9 | Conclusion | | 10 | Refference | | Acknowledgements I would like tyo thank Mr. N.Krishnan for assistance in conducting Critical Thiunking’s class and the following reviewers for their helpful cemment and suggestions on an earlier draft of this paper. Thanks to the legenda’s wifi for the internet access to accesss all the information. Thanks to god give me evergy to do this task. Thanks to my parents for give me support. Introduction Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following : * understand the logical connections between ideas * identify, construct and evaluate arguments * detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning * solve...
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...theargumentativetheoryofreasoning The argumentative theory of reasoningBack to projects. Current philosophy and psychology are dominated by what can be called a classical, or ‘Cartesian’ view of reasoning. Even though this view goes back at least to some classical Greek philosophers, its most famous exposition is probably in Descartes. Put plainly, it’s the idea that the role of reasoning is to critically examine our beliefs so as to discard wrong-headed ones and thus create more reliable beliefs—knowledge. This knowledge is in turn supposed to help us make better decisions. This view is hard to reconcile with a wealth of evidence amassed by modern psychology. Tversky and Kahneman (and many others) have demonstrated the failures of reasoning in decision making. Johnson-Laird and Evans (and, again, many others) have shown how fallible reasoning can be. Others have shown that sometimes reasoning too much can make us worse off: it can unduly increase self-confidence, allow us to maintain erroneous beliefs, create distorted, polarized beliefs and enable us to violate our own moral intuitions by finding handy excuses. Sperber claimed that the full import of these results has not been properly gauged since most people still seem to agree, or at least fail to question, the classical, Cartesian assumptions. The theory Dan Sperber suggested—the argumentative theory of reasoning—proposes that instead of having a purely individual function, reasoning has a social and, more specifically, argumentative function. The...
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...subjects and linking information you already know to be true, you’re a critical thinker. Critical Thinking Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It’s a persons ability to engage in independent thinking. They can understand logical concepts between ideas, like linking thoughts. They can identify and construct arguments and detect common mistakes in reasoning over things. Creative thinking involves solving problems systematically. It also includes the identification and importance of ideas. Critical thinking can reflect on a person’s beliefs and values. Critical thinking is not based on how much a person knows. Even if you have a good memory and know a lot of facts it still does not mean you are a good critical thinker. A good critical thinker knows how to use his knowledge to solve problems and seek relevant sources of information. Critical thinking does not mean a person is critical or argumentative. It can also play a role in cooperation and reasoning. We use critical thinking to enhance our social situations. Some people think that critical thinking hurts creativity because it follows logic. This is not the truth. It also means to think “outside the box”. It may compel you to use less popular approaches. We need critical thinking to improve creative idea Creative Thinking Creative thinking is much different than critical thinking, it is a different approach.Creative thinking is much more relaxed and playful. It...
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...career interests’ profiler is providing me with a list of the different careers that would be best suited. Completing the competencies assessment, has helped me analyze my results such as adapting to change, delivering results or innovating and how I can apply them to critical thinking. By understanding my personal competencies, what I can do to improve my skills can be using my results to help look outside the box. One result I found very intriguing was innovating. “To innovate” means to show something as if it was the first time or to alter something and I found that intriguing as one of my results. Applying innovation to critical thinking would mean to think outside the box, change my perception on how I see the problem so that the solution may present itself. Another way in applying my results can be in how I evaluate arguments. For example, adapting to change or coping with pressure are great competencies in which can help me evaluating arguments. With adapting to change, it can help me view the argument from a different point of view. It can open my eyes in seeing other possible solutions and coming to an agreement. Also with coping with pressure, it can help me by keeping me calm when in an argumentative position. Not only can it keep me calm but by staying calm, it can help me stay confident in what is argued. After taking this assessment,...
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...the tendency to one’s thinking with the underdog B. the tendency to one’s thinking with a negative advertisement C. the tendency to one’s thinking with cognitive dissonance D. an unconscious tendency to one’s thinking with that of other people 2. Some cognitive biases involve heuristics, which are A. general rules we unconsciously follow in estimating probabilities. B. the probability of an event happening based on personal experience C. the probability of an event happening based on family experience D. the probabilities of an event happening based on science 3. The in-group bias is characterized by A. a rational evaluation of those in other groups B. conclusions supported by data C. accepting individuals from other teams and groups D. believing that the achievements of the members of my group are a result of hard work 4. The premise of a good deductive argument, if true A. does not prove or demonstrate its conclusion B. proves or demonstrates its conclusion C. supports the conclusion D. does not support the conclusion 5. If we know that an argument is weak, then we know that the conclusion A. is false B. is true C. may or may not be true 6. “The ensemble played an encore at last year’s concert, and I’m pretty sure they played one the year before as well. So they will most likely play an encore at this year’s concert.” This argument is best taken as A. inductive B. deductive C. simplistic D. argumentative 7. Critical thinking involves A. blindly acting...
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...Week 1 Knowledge Check Study Guide Concepts Mastery Score: 9 / 9 Questions Cognitive Biases 100% 1 Two Kinds of Arguments 100% 4 Ifâ¦then⦠Sentences 100% 5 Inductive Arguments 100% 6 Define Critical Thinking 100% 7 Arguments 100% 9 2 3 8 Concept: Cognitive Biases Mastery 1. 100% Questions 1 2 3 The bandwagon effect is a common bias, which refers to A. the tendency to one’s thinking with the underdog B. the tendency to one’s thinking with a negative advertisement C. the tendency to one’s thinking with cognitive dissonance D. an unconscious tendency to one’s thinking with that of other people Correct: The Correct Answer is: D. The bandwagon effect “refers to an unconscious tendency to one’s thinking with that of other people” (Moore & Parker, 2013, p. 18). 2. Some cognitive biases involve heuristics, which are A. general rules we unconsciously follow in estimating probabilities. B. the probability of an event happening based on personal experience C. the probability of an event happening based on family experience D. the probabilities of an event happening based on science Correct: The Correct Answer is: A. “Some cognitive biases involve heuristics, general rules we unconsciously follow in estimating probabilities” (Moore & Parker, 2012, p. 18). 3. The in-group bias is characterized by A. a rational evaluation...
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...Tutorial C01: What is Critical Thinking and Why is it Important? By: Jonathan Chan C01.1 Introduction Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following Understand the logical connections between ideas Identify, construct and evaluate arguments Detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning Solve problems systematically Identify the relevance and importance of ideas Reflect on the justification of one's own beliefs and values Other definitions of critical thinking have been proposed. See bottom of this page for explanations of critical thinking from other sources. It can be seen that clarity and rationality constitute the common core across the different conceptions on critical thinking. Critical thinking is not a matter of accumulating information. A person with a good memory and who knows a lot of facts is not necessarily good at critical thinking. A critical thinker is able to deduce consequences from what he knows, and he knows how to make use of information to solve problems, and to seek relevant sources of information to inform himself. Critical thinking should not be confused with being argumentative or being critical of other people. Although critical thinking skills can be used in exposing fallacies and bad reasoning, critical thinking can also play an important role in cooperative reasoning...
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...Growing up, as an intercity adolescent many barriers existed in my life, which prevented me from truly becoming a critical thinker. Daily I was force feed basis opinions from family and citizens who lacked facts, education, and concrete evidence on matters they self-proclaimed to be an expert of. My urban city contributed to many core barriers that affected my mental state, which clouded my judgment and took away from me becoming an advanced critical thinker. My mother was raised in the south during the segregation era she experienced segregated water fountains, restroom, and many other monstrosities that took place during the racial discrimination era in America because of her experience and environment she has some negative views of Caucasian people. I would not consider her to be racist however; I would consider her to be a person who believes we should still be separated to an extent. Growing up my mother would influence me by telling me “don’t completely trust whites, stop hanging with white people they will set you up, don’t date white girls it will get you killed.” Obviously, my mother is set in her ways but I contently debate with her my views to help her see things are different now. I also try to take as many pictures as possible with divers groups so that I can send pictures to my mother to let her know good white people exist. Growing up in the urban city of Baltimore your environment mental hardens you; you gain street smarts to stay alive. The Baltimore...
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...Module 1/Week 1 Lecture I. Thinking Critically About One Issue in Education… and Taking a Position Now that you’ve discussed the benefits of Critical Thinking in general (to help you consider all sides of an argument to better support your own position on a topic), let’s get started on developing your thesis (claim) and reasons (support) for Essay #1, on the larger issue of “College Education.” First, carefully read and review the essays in “Casebook 1” in your Current Issues and Enduring Questions text (pages 547-574). Here you’ll be reading a variety of arguments on different points of debate within the larger issue of College Education. Next, narrow down this larger topic into a more focused issue of particular interest to you. For example, you might decide you’d like to write your first argumentative essay on one of the following topics of debate: -Does today’s Bachelors Degree have the same value it did in the past? or -Should students should be able to specialize in their degree early on, or should they be required to take a number of “core classes” in the liberal arts for a “well-rounded” education in college? or -What is the best way for a college to prepare its graduates for the “real world” and the workplace? After you’ve decided on your narrower topic of focus, submit your initial post to the “College Education: What’s It Worth?” Discussion Board and respond to at least two classmates’ initial posts as well. (See full instructions in this...
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...and “positive freedom” in liberal representative democratic governments. Specific Instructions: 1. A good term paper must be argumentative. As such, a perspective or reasoned opinion is required. Moreover, your paper must have the following parts: introduction, body, conclusion, and references. The introduction puts forth the issue and your thesis statement. A thesis statement is your “main point” or “main reason” which is basically your main position or stance on the issue – liberty and its critical importance in a healthy democracy against the backdrop of the notion of “positive freedom”. It serves as your overall argument. In other words, you must form an opinion by making positive or negative comments about the concepts and/or issue. To help you form an opinion, a general guide question is being provided: Does “big government” (one that helps ensure its peoples’ well-being by providing the means to live a life of dignity, such as education and health) opens the door for government to abuse its power, which leads to the erosion of personal and economic liberty, and, in turn, democracy? Why or why not? Your answer to the question(s) will be your thesis statement. 2. Writing the paper involves critical thinking skills and the ability to organize your arguments and evidence logically. An argumentative paper must have a body that includes two important parts – your point(s) or reason(s) and the evidence. Your “points” or “reasons” are sometimes...
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...Writing Centre Literature Review Template Definition: A literature review is an objective, critical summary of published research literature relevant to a topic under consideration for research. Its purpose is to create familiarity with current thinking and research on a particular topic, and may justify future research into a previously overlooked or understudied area. A typical literature review consists of the following components: 1. Introduction: A concise definition of a topic under consideration (this may be a descriptive or argumentative thesis, or proposal), as well as the scope of the related literature being investigated. (Example: If the topic under consideration is ‘women’s wartime diaries’, the scope of the review may be limited to published or unpublished works, works in English, works from a particular location, time period, or conflict, etc.) The introduction should also note intentional exclusions. (Example: “This review will not explore the diaries of adolescent girls.”) Another purpose of the introduction is to state the general findings of the review (what do most of the sources conclude), and comment on the availability of sources in the subject area. 2. Main Body: There are a number of ways to organize the evaluation of the sources. Chronological and thematic approaches are each useful examples. Each work should be critically summarized and evaluated for its premise, methodology, and conclusion. It is as important to address inconsistencies...
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...The 12 Angry Men Case Dennis Ojwang Organizational Management 701 February 26, 2015 When this movie was made, no one could have depicted that it would greatly speak of the ever changing dynamics of our world today. Immigration and diversity seem to have plagued the world now more than ever and it is no surprise that the business world has been changed tremendously. When this movie came out in 1957, there wasn’t much diversity as we see it today. Upon watching this movie, various topics covered, ranging from power and influence, ethical decision making and diversity, group formation and dynamics, cultural diversity, organizational culture, conflict management and then, there’s an introduction of Fiedler’s leadership model. The setting of the movie offers consistency, investment, rigidity, autonomy and fairness in terms of assessing different levels of conflict and negotiation. I would say that the most evident styles of conflict in the movie are accommodating, compromising and collaborating conflict resolution styles. The jury is involved in a high profile case about a young boy who, if found guilty, then he will be sent to the electric chair. There are several topics that are related to organizational management class that will be portrayed throughout this jury process. The jury, in determining the fate of the young man, who murdered his father, must closely work together and whether consciously or unconsciously, they have been introduced to the forming, storming, norming...
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...Critical Thinking Application Paper Augie Ruyle MGT/350 Critical Thinking: Strategies in Decision Making Matthew Swanson University of Phoenix June 6, 2011 This Critical Thinking Application Paper that you are about to read will include a few descriptions of critical thinking, along with a few of the importance and benefits of critical thinking in the decision-making processes, and examples of a personal experience in applying critical thinking to a work related decision. Thank you and enjoy the reading. From the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal, is a well known psychological test of critical thinking ability. The authors of this test define critical thinking as: …a composite of attitudes, knowledge, and skills. This composite includes: (1). attitudes of inquiry that involves an ability to recognize the existence of problems and an acceptance of the general need for evidence in support of what is asserted to be true; (2). Knowledge of the nature of valid inferences, abstractions, and generalizations in which the weight or accuracy of different kinds of evidence are logically determined; and (3). Skills in employing and applying the above attitudes and knowledge. Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally. It includes the ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking. Someone with critical thinking skills will be able to: understand the logical connection between ideas, identify, construct and evaluate arguments, detect...
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