...Sharon Hatcher October 9, 2012 POS301-Arizona and Federal Government Professor Halperin Part I: Arizona Statehood Upon the ending of the Mexican American War (1846-1848), Arizona began the journey to statehood. Arizona began applying for statehood in 1872. Arizona drafted a constitution in 1891. The Congress continually ignored the request for statehood by Arizona because of because of the lack of residents, unpromising economic prospects, they are conservative democrats and demographics. Once congress passed the Enabling Act, Arizona was forced to create a constitution and it was to be approved by Congress and the acting President, also, this act presented restrictions on the state’s management of public land; stating that the majority of the land is designated as school trust land. In 1912, Arizona was finally given statehood, it was the 48th state. Leading up to Arizona’s statehood there have been many events that have lead to the formation of this state. The following are key events in history have lead to the statehood of Arizona: the Pre-territorial period, the Spanish period, the Mexican period, U.S. Controlled period and the Territorial period. Arizona Three Branches of Government Arizona Three Branches of Government Executive Branch * Governor * Power to appoint * Removal powers (but limited) * Fiscal powers * Military powers * Lawmaking powers Legislation powers * the power to propose new legislation *...
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...Arizona Statehood and Constitution Arizona and Federal Government November 18, 2012 Part 1: Arizona Statehood There are many events which impacted the process of Arizona becoming a state. Each of these events is not only historical, but they are what allowed the Arizona Constitution to be written in 1910 and to finally become a state in 1912. The Arizona Constitution, when first adopted, was seen as one of the most radical documents in the United States, and even today it still has many contrasts to the U.S. Constitution. Some of the events which helped to shape the Arizona Constitution, as well as make it an official state are the Pre-territorial Period, the Spanish Period, The Mexican Period, the U.S. Controlled Period, the Territorial Period and the impact of the Progressive movement on the creation of the Arizona constitution. First, the Pre-territorial Period is probably the most politically unknown because it is impossible to reconstruct how these prehistoric communities felt about politics and democracy. However, evidence shows that people inhabited Arizona for thousands of years before the Europeans. Indians were considered to be the “first citizens” established in Arizona, long before it became a state. There are three major cultures which lived in this state, which were the Apache, the Navajo, the Hohokam and Mogollon. The Hohokam disappeared around the mid 1400’s but historians do not know why. Each group was complex in their social organizations...
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...It took New Mexico more than half a century to shed its territorial status and become a state. New Mexico's citizens first attempted to gain statehood in 1850, when local officials drafted a state constitution which was overwhelmingly approved by voters. A legislature and executive officials were elected. That same summer, however, this statehood plan was nullified when Congress passed the Compromise Bill of 1850 which granted New Mexico territorial status. Other attempts to develop and implement a state constitution followed, including proposed constitutions which were defeated at the polls in 1872 and 1889. There was even an effort at joint statehood with Arizona in 1906, but this too was defeated by the voters, mainly those from Arizona. They feared that Santa Fe would control the state’s politics. Many reasons have been suggested why it took New Mexico so long to become a state. Early efforts were hampered, in part, by a general ignorance about the territory and suspicions towards its people. Statehood was opposed by those who felt that New Mexico's predominantly Hispanic and Indian population was too foreign and Catholic for admission to the American Union. There were even periodic debates as to whether a new name for the territory would help the cause of statehood. Names such as Navajo and Lincoln were suggested and seriously considered. There were also questions about the loyalty these recently conquered people had for their new country. This issue was slowly laid to rest...
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...Arizona Statehood & Constitution Kelli Miller Grand Canyon University: POS 301 January 22, 2013 Arizona Statehood & Constitution Arizona is recorded to have began in 1539 by the Europeans with the first documented exploration of the area by Marcos de Niza. Arizona was part of Mexico because the population was small. The United States took possession in 1848 after the Mexican-American War. Arizona split off from New Mexico in 1863, and became a state on February 14, 1912. Arizona still continues to grow today as a state in population, with retirees and tourism. I will be describing and analyzing events that have impacted Arizona becoming a state. Preterritorial Period The earliest cultures of Arizona can be speculated to have appeared around 25,000 BC. In 500 A.D., the more defined cultures emerged being known as the Hohokam whom was pit dwellers that specialized in irrigation systems. They brought water by way of canals to grow crops; and many of the remains of their canals still can be traced. The Casa Grande tells us a great deal about the achievements of the civilization. Beginning in the 11th Century, the Pueblo developed underground chambers to build their homes and cotton fiber. They lived in elaborate cliff dwellings, unlike the Hohokam. Around this time, Spanish colonist began to populate the territory in search of fortune. The Apache and Navajo whom exited Canada in the 13th century began to settle the land. This time was known for many battles and...
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...Arizona Statehood and Constitution "I believe in the United States of America as a Government of the people, by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic; a sovereign Nation of many sovereign States; a perfect union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice, and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it; to support its Constitution; to obey its laws; to respect its flag; and to defend It against all enemies." Tyler, W (1918) -- The American's Creed. The Spanish Period, Arizona is the youngest of all the states, and the last of the 48 states to be admitted to the Statehood in 1912. Arizona’s history goes back hundreds of years. In 1535, the Spanish explorer Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, with three companions, found their way to Arizona; where Cabeza de Vaca was perhaps the first European explorer to enter Arizona territory. Arizona history states that, “His report led to further explorations of the region. The Spaniards heard stories about the great wealth of the Seven Cities of Cibola. They grew eager to find this treasure”. In the 1600s Antonio de Espejo and Juan de Onate found minerals that would make Arizona rich and increase Spanish interest in the territory. In 1752 the Spanish established the first white settlement. The Arizona history states that “the 18th...
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...Arizona Constitution Running head: Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona became the forty-eighth state on February 14, 1912. Many events led to the admission of Arizona as a state in the Union and are recognized in the following timeline. ❖ Arizona History – 1700’s • Arizona was first explored by the Spanish • 1539 – Father Marcos de Niza explores Arizona and claims it for Spain • 1752 – First permanent Spanish settlement was established in Tubac • 1776 – A Spanish fort is built at Tucson ❖ Arizona History – 1800’s • 1821 – Mexico gains military control of Arizona • 1821 – Trappers and traders from the United States came into Arizona • 1848 – United States won the Mexican War and gained all of Arizona, north of the Gila River through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • 1850 - The Great Compromise organized this new territory and allowed for division of the territory into states to be admitted to the Union in the Future • 1854 – The rest of Arizona becomes part of the United States by the Gadsden Purchase • 1891 – An Arizona Constitution was written and passed by voters. While the US House of Representatives also passed the constitution, the Senate did not approve statehood. ❖ Arizona History...
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...Running head: Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona Constitution Arizona became the forty-eighth state on February 14, 1912. Many events led to the admission of Arizona as a state in the Union and are recognized in the following timeline. ❖ Arizona History – 1700’s • Arizona was first explored by the Spanish • 1539 – Father Marcos de Niza explores Arizona and claims it for Spain • 1752 – First permanent Spanish settlement was established in Tubac • 1776 – A Spanish fort is built at Tucson ❖ Arizona History – 1800’s • 1821 – Mexico gains military control of Arizona • 1821 – Trappers and traders from the United States came into Arizona • 1848 – United States won the Mexican War and gained all of Arizona, north of the Gila River through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • 1850 - The Great Compromise organized this new territory and allowed for division of the territory into states to be admitted to the Union in the Future • 1854 – The rest of Arizona becomes part of the United States by the Gadsden Purchase • 1891 – An Arizona Constitution was written and passed by voters. While the US House of Representatives also passed the constitution, the Senate did not approve statehood. ❖ Arizona History – 1900’s ...
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...Christi Bickford POS 301 – Arizona and Federal Government November 11, 2012 Arizona Statehood This was the oldest time in Arizona history. There were various types of people living at this time. One of which is the Paelo people. The Hohokam people settled in the southern parts of Arizona in the early 300’s. The Hohokams introduced highly extensive canals and watering systems.. The Hohokam and Anasazi people began the process of finding new ways to be successful in producing agricultural crops. As time when on, the Hohokam people became very advanced in irrigation. They contributed to the creation and establishment of more advanced irrigation networks. Around 500BC the Pueblo people came to Arizona. These people built many elaborate residences, for those times, in the region. They were a people that developed the use of cotton fiber and underground chambers to build their homes. It is a very amazing history of the beginnings of Arizona. The people of the time were very much advanced for the time and began to master crops and homes that would flourish in the Arizona territory. During this time the Spanish colonist began to steadily populate Arizona. They were in search of the silver and other hidden treasure of the territory. Many Spanish colonists including Fray Marcos and other colonist came looking for the sliver deposits they had trouble making the territory bigger. The Apache and Tohono O’odham Indian tribes would not allow the colonist to travel north...
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...the North and the South. The most obvious of which is that the North was, for the most part, industrial; while the South on the other hand was economically dependent of the production of staple crops (primarily cotton). The production of cotton in the South with the advent of the cotton gin soared, causing an increase of labor required; this lead to an increased dependency on slave labor in the south. Slavery was something the North often looked down upon and also held little or no value to them. How could a nation survive with no conflict when there were two very distinct sides that held opposing economic ideals and beliefs? Beginning with the establishment of the Constitution, there was a general acceptance of slavery, or the compromises that allowed for its continued existence. The framers of the Constitution believed that concessions on slavery were the price for the support of southern...
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...increased the need for slaves. The North on the other hand was based more on industry than agriculture and was purchasing the raw cotton and turning it into finished goods. The ever evolving northern society encompassed people of different races and cultures working together. The southern states continued to hold onto their social pecking order. (americanhistory.about.com, 2011) States versus Federal rights Southern states were in favor of state’s rights over federal rights; northern states were in favor of a federal government. States rights would enable the states themselves to decide if a federal law was constitutional or not and whether or not that they were willing to accept it. When they were unable to nullify the United States Constitution, that was secretly created, the southern states began to move towards secession from the Union. Slave States versus Free States With the expansion of America continuing the question of whether new states should be free or slave arose. First, with the addition of Missouri and Maine into the Union in 1820 and then acquisition of new...
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...Women’s Suffrage Movement David Mondor U.S. History 1865 to 1945 Paul Sadler February 19, 2005 Abstract The Women’s Suffrage Movement can trace its roots, back to Anne Hutchinson’s conviction and expulsion in 1637 for sedition in Massachusetts. This movement has had many achievements, disappointments, and internal disagreements, throughout its history, the right to vote given, then taken away, many times before it became enshrined in the United States Constitution. Through ratification by 36 states of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, women finally had the same rights as men, the right to be considered citizens and vote, the right to be considered equal to men. This struggle for equality and voting rights we discuss in this paper. Women’s Suffrage Movement Women’s Suffrage in America began in 1637 when Anne Hutchinson dared to defy church leaders, with her thoughts on religion. This contemptuous display of women’s rights at a time when women were considered the property of men landed Anne, before a tribunal of men. They convicted her of ‘sedition’ and expelled her from Massachusetts’s colony. Mary Dyer, having been the only person to stand up for Anne during her trial, was also expelled a few months later from the colony, along with her husband William. In 1652 Mary Dyer visited England for five years and during that time she joined the Society of Friends, the Quaker religion founded by George Fox. Returning to New England, Dyer headed back to the Massachusetts’s Bay...
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...King Cotton It was a slogan used by southerners to support the secession of the South from the North as the money obtained from cotton export would support the Confederacy. It would also support countries such as Britain and France to support the Confederacy as opposed to the North as the economies of these countries heavily depended on the textile industry. It was a failure as other countries did not want to get into the conflict. In foreign affairs, the South had been initially confident of the power and influence of “King Cotton,” the crop that accounted for more than half the value of U.S. exports before the war. Confederates felt that the importance of cotton would force diplomatic recognition from the Federal government and European countries. Neither the commissioners sent abroad in 1861 nor the permanent envoys who replaced them were able to secure recognition from Great Britain, France, or any other European power. The South was able, however, to buy considerable war matériel and several fast ships that destroyed much Federal shipping on the high seas. South = one crop economy By 1840 - 50% of US exports was cotton / was providing 50% of the world supply / providing 75% of England’s supply 1/5 of workers tied to the textile industry but cotton also drives northern economy - needs cotton for textiles (supporting abolition and making $ off slavery). Different economies of the North and South between 1815-1861 North: Industrial Abolition slavery No need...
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...In an essay that incorporates the textbook, lecture and power-point notes compare and contrast the compromises of 1820 and 1850. Slavery came about in America in 1619 (RN). It lasted through the American Revolution, even after Thomas Jefferson scripted his famous lines in the Declaration of Independence, "All men are created equal. They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. That among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Clearly, slaves were not part of this included in Jefferson's words. When it came time to write the Constitution, the word "slavery" was never used. Instead, the framers chose to use the term "other people." These other people were counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation in Congress according to the Three-Fifths Compromise (RN). This compromise kept slavery in the United States unharmed. The framers also decided not to do anything about the issue of slavery for twenty years. Prior to the American Civil War, many different compromises were made in an attempt to hinder the growing disagreements. However, this only extended the unavoidable events that would occur. The differences between North and South were far to great and compromise did not stand a chance at preventing the imminent conflict. This was most clearly shown in the ways in which the two main compromises: the Compromise of 1820, also known as the Missouri Compromise, and the Compromise of 1850 failed. In 1820 Missouri wanted...
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...American Civil War History Paper The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war between the United States (the "Union") and the Southern slave states of the newly-formed Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Union included all of the free states and the five slaveholding border states and was led by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into territories owned by the United States. Republican victory in the presidential election of 1860 led seven Southern states to declare their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office.[1] The Union rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a large volunteer army, then four more Southern states declared their secession. In the war's first year, the Union assumed control of the border states and established a naval blockade as both sides massed armies and resources. In 1862, battles such as Shiloh and Antietam caused massive casualties unprecedented in U.S. military history. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, which complicated the Confederacy's manpower shortages. In the East, Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won a series of victories over Union armies, but Lee's reverse at Gettysburg in early...
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...there is no longer a moving frontier in the American West. The Sherman Antitrust Act passed by Congress. 1896- William McKinley’s election victory marks the beginning of a lengthy period of Republican political dominance. 1898- Victory in the Spanish-American war marks the rise of ‘American Imperialism’ and establishes control over Cuba and the Philippines 1901- Theodore Roosevelt becomes president after the assassination of McKinley. The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress 1904- Thedore Roosevelt proclaims the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine after etsablishing US influence over Panama. 1905- President Roosevelt acts as mediator in the Treaty of New Hampshire ending the Russo-Japanese War. 1912- New Mexico and Arizona achieve statehood, bringing the number of states in the Union to 48. The Republican Party splits; Theodore Roosevelt runs for president on behalf of the ‘Bull Moose’ Progressive Party, ensuring the defeat of President Taft. Woodrow Wilson wins the Presidency for the Democrats 1914- War begins in Europe. The USA proclaims neutrality. President Wilson send US forces to occupy the port of Vera Cruz in Mexico. 1915- The sinking of the R.M.S Lusitania worsens US relations with Germany. The epic silent film Birth of a Nation, directed by D.W. Griffith, gains a national audience and gives a favourable impression of the Ku Klux Klan. 1917- Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Together with the discovery of the Zimmerman Telegram, this pushes...
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