...institutionally flawed entry into the German retail market Joakim Holsten Leren s105710 Julianne Øien s106222 Mirko Wichmann s145433 Lara-Caterina Buggert s145400 Eloise De Bont s145611 22 pages Table of Contents Introduction 2 Case presentation 2 The Wal-Mart concept 3 Institutional challenges [to be deleted] 4 Cultural challenges [to be deleted] 4 German market 5 Theoretical Background 5 The cultural perspective 6 The institutional perspective 9 Case Analysis 12 The cultural perspective 12 The institutional perspective 15 Recommendations 19 Cultural 19 Institutional 20 Limitations 22 Cultural 22 Institutional 22 Conclusion 23 References: 25 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the challenges Wal-Mart faced during its entrance into the German market in the late 1990s. We have analyzed this with the following problem in mind: “Which aspects, both cultural and institutional, led to Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany and what should they have done instead?” We will approach this problem by outlining theoretical frameworks for analyzing cultural and institutional aspects of a company. We will then employ said theories in order to analyze the case of Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany. Finally, we will come to a conclusion concerning what they should have done as they entered into the German market. Different forms of distance CAGE, Taste and deep-seated preferences, strong national identities...
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...Harvard Law School Jean Monnet Chair Professor J.H.H. Weiler Harvard Jean Monnet Working Paper 1/01 Päivi Leino The European Central Bank and Legitimacy Is the ECB a Modification of or an Exception to the Principle of Democracy? Harvard Law School Cambridge, MA 02138 All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form Without permission of the author. © Päivi Leino 2000 Harvard Law School Cambridge, MA 02138 USA The European Central Bank and Legitimacy Is the ECB a Modification of or an Exception to the Principle of Democracy? Päivi Leino, Åbo Akademi University( M.Pol.Sc. (international law), Åbo Akademi University, Finland; LL.M. candidate, London School of Economics and Political Science. This paper was concluded on August 8, 2000 and subsequent changes have not been considered. The author would like to thank Professor Markku Suksi and Lic.Pol.Sc. Kurt Långkvist for their comments and encouragement. The author has exclusive responsibility for all views, errors and omissions. Comments are invited to Paivi.Leino@abo.fi.) 1. The Sovereign of Monetary Policy The creation of a single market and the continuing concentration and integration at the European level have created phenomena that can neither be governed by nationally based policies nor left to the working of unregulated markets.( Hirst, Paul and Thompson, Grahame (1996), p. 156.) According to the European Court of Justice...
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...National Association of Colored People Change Project HR587 Managing Organizational Change December 14, 2011 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – The mission of the NAACP is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination. The NAACP is broken up into local branches which pay a per-capita to the national organization. I belong to the Chicago Westside Branch NAACP and have served as 2nd Vice-President, and as an executive board member of the branch. I am currently an executive board member due to my role as chair of the Armed Services and Veterans Affairs committee. When I first joined the organization back in 2000 I noticed that the organization was starting to lose its relevance. The analogy I like to use is that of an old church. The members of this old church were coming to church every Sunday and preaching to themselves how people needed to find God. The church was a beacon in the community but as the core members started to get older they just came together every Sunday year after year. The members started dying, here and there, one by one, with no new infusion of youthful members that could go out into the community so that the church could remain a relevant difference maker in the community. This is what was beginning to happen to the NAACP back in 2000. The 64 members that comprised the National Board of Directors did not or...
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...Whirlpool: Redefining Innovation If you look at our history, innovation had been the responsibility of a couple of groups, engineering and marketing. Now, you have thousands of people involved. It's speeded things along. It's changed the focus of innovation to trying to deeply understand the customer and a belief that we could actually build customer loyalty in the appliance industry. The way we'll know it's successful is if it changes every job at Whirlpool.1 - Nancy Snyder, Vice-president Leadership and Strategic Competency Development, Whirlpool Jeff M. Fettig succeeded David R. Whitwam, as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Whirlpool Corporation in 2004. The year 2005 had proved to be a year of exceptional achievements for the world’s number one home appliance brand company2. Whirlpool had achieved record net earnings of $422 million3 on record sales revenues of $14.3 billion4 (Annexure I), which had in turn, propelled the company’s share price to an all-time high of $92.645 by April 2006 (AnnexureII). Fettig attributed much of Whirlpool's performance to the new products and features introduced by the company over the past four years. The innovations were a result of the ‘innovation system’ established by Whitwam in 1999 to counter the company’s almost stagnant performance over the past decade, in everything from stock price to profit margin to market share. The company’s failure to introduce exciting products or product features had reduced Whirlpool’s machines to mere...
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...4 MANAGEMENT DECISION 32,2 Has today’s dominant marketing mix paradigm become a strait-jacket? A relationship building and management approach may be the answer. From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing Christian Grönroos approach to marketing which eventually has entered the marketing literature[2, 4-14]. A paradigm shift is clearly under way. In services marketing, especially in Europe and Australia but to some extent also in North America, and in industrial marketing, especially in Europe, this paradigm shift has already taken place. Books published on services marketing[15-17] and on industrial marketing[18-20] as well as major research reports published are based on the relationship marketing paradigm. A major shift in the perception of the fundamentals of marketing is taking place. The shift is so dramatic that it can, no doubt, be described as a paradigm shift[21]. Marketing researchers have been passionately convinced about the paradigmatic nature of marketing mix management and the Four P model[22]. To challenge marketing mix management as the basic foundation for all marketing thinking has been as heretic as it was for Copernicus to proclaim that the earth moved[23, 24]. The purpose of this report is to discuss the nature and consequences of the dominating marketing paradigm of today, marketing mix management of the managerial school (cf.[25] and how evolving trends in business and modern research into, for example...
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...+ Models OPEMAN-559; No of Pages 8 Journal of Operations Management xxx (2007) xxx–xxx www.elsevier.com/locate/jom Sustainable supply chains: An introduction Jonathan D. Linton a,*, Robert Klassen b, Vaidyanathan Jayaraman c a Paul Desmarais Professor in the Management of Technological Enterprises, School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. K1N 6N5, Canada b Ivey School of Management, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada c Department of Management, School of Business, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Abstract Consideration is given to the convergence of supply chains and sustainability. In doing so, the focus on environmental management and operations is moved from local optimization of environmental factors to consideration of the entire supply chain during the production, consumption, customer service and post-disposal disposition of products. This is a critical and timely topic that captures increasing concerns over sustainability, whether driven by current legislation, public interest, or competitive opportunity. As such, sustainable development is a rich area for academic research that is still in its infancy and has the potential to affect future government policy, current production operations, and identify new business models. This paper provides a background to better understand current trends in this multidisciplinary field that intersect with operations management, and the research opportunities and challenges it...
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...To what extent is your personality a matter of choice? Discuss with reference to at least two theories of personality. Personality is something that is key in our descriptions of ourselves to others. We use it as a way of defining ourselves as an individual; a way of summing up everything about ourselves (Schultz & Schultz, 1997). The word personality derives from the Latin word ‘persona’, referring to a mask (Schultz & Shultz). The mask being that which we display, a representation of ourselves. There are varying definitions of ‘personality’, and much argument over what it does indeed encompass (Carver & Scheier, 2000), but the term is generally used to encompass who we are. More specifically; the extent to which your personality is a matter of choice is a highly debated issue in regards to our competing inner drives (psychoanalytic); our aim for fulfilment (humanistic); our biological makeup determining our personality and the particular traits we are considered to have (Biological/trait perspectives), amongst many other perspectives (Myers, 2004). This paper aims to address the question of whether personality is a matter of choice, primarily through explorations from a humanistic and biological perspective with considerations of more independent thoughts on the matter and with a consideration of the social-cognitive perspective. The conclusion will consider whether there is choice involved in a persons’ personality and what the implications of this might be. ...
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...THE CHANGING ROLE OF MARKETING IN THE CORPORATION Frederick E. Webster, Jr. For the past two decades, some subtle changes in the concept and practice of marketing have been fundamentally reshaping the field. Many of these changes have been initiated by industry, in the form of new organizational types, without explicit concern for their underlying theoretical explanation or justification. On the academic side, prophetic voices have been speaking (Arndt 1979, 1981, 1983; Thorelli 1986; Van de Ven 1976; Williamson 1975) but seldom heard because, representing several different disciplines, they did not sing as a chorus. More basically, perhaps, few listeners were ready to hear the message or to do the intellectual work necessary to pull the several themes together. Like the Peruvian Indians who thought the sails of the Spanish invaders on the horizon were some phenomenon of the weather and did nothing to prepare themselves for attack (Handy 1990), marketers may ignore some important information in their environment simply because it is not consistent with their past experience. The purpose of this article is to outline both the intellectual and the pragmatic roots of changes that are occurring in marketing, especially marketing management, as a body of knowledge, theory, and practice and to suggest the need for a new paradigm of the marketing function within the firm. First, the origins of the marketing management framework, the generally accepted paradigm of the marketing...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Kingston University Library] On: 02 November 2013, At: 01:05 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Marketing Management Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rjmm20 Relationship Marketing Theory: Its Roots and Direction Kristian Möller & Aino Halinen Published online: 01 Feb 2010. To cite this article: Kristian Möller & Aino Halinen (2000) Relationship Marketing Theory: Its Roots and Direction, Journal of Marketing Management, 16:1-3, 29-54, DOI: 10.1362/026725700785100460 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/026725700785100460 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis...
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...Corporate Political Strategies June 24, 2011 Abstract Whether or not corporations should have political strategies is debatable by many strategists, corporations, and political interest groups. There are advantages and disadvantages to this issue, so to decide one has to weigh the advantages against the dis-advantages. In my opinion, corporations should consider political strategies as an essential part of their business tools. The actual and potential impact that governments have on corporations is incentive enough for them to keep informed of the different governmental, social, public, and economic issues, regulations, policies, forums, tactics, and processes that will affect them now or in the future (Hillman, Zardkooh, & Bierman, 1999). Corporate Political Strategies Corporate political strategies are strategies used by corporations to influence public policy, hopefully in a favorable way. There strategic aims are to further specific interests by getting governmental officials to listen to and act in accordance with the preferences of the corporations. There is a very slim chance of finding any business today that has not been affected by the government in one way or another, even those with the best competitive strategies, abundance of resources, and/or superior products and services. Therefore implementing effective political strategies help corporations in obtaining and maintaining advantages against their competitors and to also achieve and maintain higher...
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...Running Head: Business Synoptic BUSINESS SYNOPTIC Customer Inserts His/her Name University Name Table of Contents Question 13 Question 2…………………………………………………………………………………………5 Question 3…………………………………………………………………………………………9 Question 4………………………………………………………………………………………..13 Question 5…………………………………………………………………..................................15 References………………………………………………………………………………………..17 Q – 1) Compare Wal-Mart experience in countries such as Germany and South Korea on one hand, and China on the other. What determine Wal-Mart's success or otherwise in these markets? What lessons should Wal-Mart learn from these experiences? Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is an American public corporation that runs a chain of discounted stores throughout the world. Wal-Mart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. The main head office of Wal-Mart is in Bentonville, Arkansas. Approximately 2,100,000 employees work in the Wal-Mart stores around the world. About 100 million customers each week visit the stores; Wal-Mart provides its customers low prices for their products. The slogan for Wal-Mart stores was low prices always. Now the new slogan is saving the people’s money so that they can have better lives. This slogan basically shows the 3 groups 1) Hispanics, 2) African-Americans and 3) rural residents of the country, which makeup of the 100 million customers who visit the stores each week. (Wal-Mart, 2010) Wal-Mart in Germany Wal-Mart is not a success in Germany...
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...and must be your own work. Collusion, copying or plagiarism may result in disciplinary action We advise that you keep a copy of this assignment. | | | Student Name: | Gaurav Juneja | Student ID No: | 1464684 | Lecturer: | Prof. Asoka Gunaratne | Class time: | | Student declaration: | I confirm that: This is an original assessment and is entirely my own work. Where I have used ideas, tables, diagrams etc of other writers, I have acknowledged the source in every case. This assignment has not previously been submitted as assessed work for any academic course. | Signature of student: | | Date of signature: | | | | Table of Contents Topics | Page. No. | Executive Summary | 3 | Introduction to DHL Express | 4 | SWOT Analysis | 6, 7 | Analysis of Internal Environment | 8, 9 | Analysis of External Environment | 9 | SFAS | 10 | Identification of Problem or Opportunity | 10 | PESTEL Analysis | 11 | Identification of Strategic Options (TOWS Matrix) | 12 | Solution (Pros and Cos) | 12, 13 | Strategy Recommendations and Conclusion | 13, 14 | References | 15, 16 | Executive Summary The main aim of this report is to give an insight into DHL Express’s market audit, analysis and evaluation. Here, we will be mentioning upon the external and internal environment that prevail in the company and would...
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...COVER STORY , http://www.businessweek.com | | |McDonald's 24/7 | |By focusing on the hours between traditional mealtimes, the fast-food giant is sizzling | It is 3:36 a.m. Thursday at McDonald's in Garner, N.C., a bedroom community just beyond the city limits of Raleigh. Although the town's taverns closed more than an hour ago, the last clubgoers are straggling home. Their cars barrel by ones driven by waitresses, commercial cleaners, musicians, nurses, and computer analysts heading home from work. The McDonald's sign, posted high along a commercial strip of big-box stores and chain restaurants, is one of the few still glowing. Inside the McDonald's kitchen, Julia Diaz is mixing buttermilk biscuit dough by hand in a giant stainless steel bowl, while Silvia Roldan is grilling sausage patties and eggs for breakfast, which begins in 24 minutes. Outside, at the drive-through window, D.C. Chavis is picking up a Premium Crispy Chicken Ranch BLT sandwich and a large order of fries. Chavis, 24, has just clocked out after 12 hours at a nearby food warehouse. He used to pick up an after-work snack at an all-night convenience store or diner. Now he swings by McDonald's at least...
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...Sharing Demand Signals: A New Challenge to Improve Collaboration within Supply Chains Karine Evrard-Samuel University Pierre Mendès-France Grenoble II, karine.samuel@upmf-grenoble.fr The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of collaborative demand planning. This article focuses on this practice particularly when information is shared in the downstream supply chain between a manufacturer and a retailer. We show how a manufacturing supply chain needs to be aligned with the retail supply chain in order to create value for the trading partners and for the end consumer. Through the analysis of three case studies we attempt to identify which practices allow efficient collaborative demand planning. Regarding the findings, different types of demand signals are identified through the planning process and allow us to highlight some breaking points that prevent the alignment and optimization of the retail chain. Research implications are the identification of four steps in the demand planning process that will help managers to better understand which actions should be taken to improve their collaboration practices. The originality of this article lies in the fact that it goes beyond historical demand figure analysis and focuses instead on information sharing about demand signals within supply chains as one of the keys to responding to retail demand with greater agility. Introduction One of the main challenges that firms have to face within the current environment is to increase...
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...ultimate goals of international trade. Integration should be described and analysed not only theoretically but with the European case as framework. Finally, the conclusion may be presented showing all the benefits and drawbacks of integration. Table of contents Introduction 1 Analysis 2 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 11 Appendix 13 Introduction The aim of this project is to present, characterize, examine and analyse the nature and sense of the European integration. In order to achieve it some of the most important trade theories will be presented. Not only the classic ones but also some of the more recent ones, which will allow the analysis to fundament and give an accurate background to the idea of integration and all its components. The study should be focalized into the old classical trade theories of Absolute and Comparative Advantages, the Heckscher-Ohlin model and its Samuelson variation. Then, some of the newest classical trade theories such as the New Trade theory and the International Product Life Cycle theory will be discussed. Finally, it will be mentioned one new contemporary trade theory made by Michael Porter´s referring to the national competitive advantages. The main intention of presenting those theories is to have the proper theoretic framework so to develop and explain the case of the European integration among the trade features described. The idea is to describe the notion of integration and some of its...
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