...Clement Greenberg, “Avant -Garde and Kitsch” (1939) One and the same civilization produces simultaneously two such different things as a poem by T. S. Eliot and a Tin Pan Alley song, or a painting by Braque and a Saturday Evening Post cover. All four are on the order of culture, and ostensibly, parts of the same culture and products of the same society. Here, however, their connection seems to end. A poem by Eliot and a poem by Eddie Guest - what perspective of culture is large enough to enable us to situate them in an enlightening relation to each other? Does the fact that a disparity such as this within the frame of a single cultural tradition, which is and has been taken for granted - does this fact indicate that the disparity is a part of the natural order of things? Or is it something entirely new, and particular to our age? The answer involves more than an investigation in aesthetics. It appears to me that it is necessary to examine more closely and with more originality than hitherto the relationship between aesthetic experience as met by the specific—not the generalized—individual, and the social and historical contexts in which that experience takes place. What is brought to light will answer, in addition to the question posed above, other and perhaps more important questions. I. A society, as it becomes less and less able, in the course of its development, to justify the inevitability of its particular forms, breaks up the accepted notions upon which artists and writers...
Words: 6419 - Pages: 26
...Walter Benjamin (1936) The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction ________________________________________ Source: UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television; Transcribed: by Andy Blunden 1998; proofed and corrected Feb. 2005. ________________________________________ “Our fine arts were developed, their types and uses were established, in times very different from the present, by men whose power of action upon things was insignificant in comparison with ours. But the amazing growth of our techniques, the adaptability and precision they have attained, the ideas and habits they are creating, make it a certainty that profound changes are impending in the ancient craft of the Beautiful. In all the arts there is a physical component which can no longer be considered or treated as it used to be, which cannot remain unaffected by our modern knowledge and power. For the last twenty years neither matter nor space nor time has been what it was from time immemorial. We must expect great innovations to transform the entire technique of the arts, thereby affecting artistic invention itself and perhaps even bringing about an amazing \change in our very notion of art.” Paul Valéry, Pièces sur L’Art, 1931 Le Conquete de l’ubiquite Preface When Marx undertook his critique of the capitalistic mode of production, this mode was in its infancy. Marx directed his efforts in such a way as to give them prognostic value. He went back to the basic conditions underlying capitalistic...
Words: 9150 - Pages: 37
...influenced by art form. Art imitates life. Entertainment is one of those art forms that drive culture. Media’s role is to communicate culture to the masses. Society has both positive and negative influences from entertainment media that shapes American culture. Media literacy understood by the masses could have a changing affect on the relationship between culture and media. Entertainment has shaped American culture and its values. An enjoyable event or performance partner with products or services helps sales. Popular dances of the day are borrowed for traditional ceremonies like weddings. Media companies use different forms of entertainment to sell products or services and traditional events host advertisement. Most often entertainment is the highlight of cultural events. For example, prom night in American high schools traditional celebrate with a dance. The Macy’s Day Parade sponsored by the retail giant is a merger of products, services, and people united by entertainment. Entertainment has a way of influencing culture by drawing massive audiences. TV themed talent shows like American Idol are shaping culture by interacting with a global audience of millions through a cell phone text voting process. Values are changing in America. Entertainment forums like The Late Show have been used to discuss everything from politics to popular opinion. Entertainers can make poor choices like drug use seem cool and inviting through visual and audio arts. Entertainers...
Words: 637 - Pages: 3
...Sierra Gault ARTD 250 Ty Warren The Vocabulary of Comics. McCloud Summer MW 24pm SelfCentered Humans must find meaning in what they see; they must see something of themselves in an object to be interested and they must have both to be moved by it. Whether the “it” is a car, everyday accessory or art we want to find a connection to ourselves in the object. McCloud says “We humans are a selfcentered race”(32) as he stands next to an electrical outlet; our brain automatically sees a face; we are programed from birth to identify faces, but why was it made that way? Why do design manufacturers make simple outlets look like faces? They could have chosen any other pattern and the function would not be hindered. Why is it we want to see ourselves in everyday objects?...
Words: 824 - Pages: 4
...The greatness and the beauty of art need not be vindicated by a mass fan base for it.Most of the critically acclaimed piece of art aren't like by the masses. . As Oscar Wilde said,"Everything popular is wrong".Though I do not resonate with that quote entirely,I surely believe that you need not have a mass appeal to be classified as an artistic beauty. .For example,the critically acclaimed film,'Memento' did not rope in good box office collection .But once critics and patrons of artistic cinema profoundly appreciated this film in the media,there was a good increase in the home video sales.Masses are easily influenced by mouth talk. . . There are plenty other films which truly move our soul upon watching but fail miserably at the box office .That's because majority of the masses view art as a business. As a source of entertainment.Sure,entertainment can be subjective.But for the majority of them,it's just sheer prosaic films with action set pieces or laughter riot. . Art is subjective.my friends and I do not enjoy watching classic European paintings of the 60's and 70's.But my father finds it thoroughly entertaining.The way all 5 fingers aren't the same,every art piece cannot be appreciated by everybody.That does not make it unworthy of greatness.At the same time,art pieces with universal mass appeal need not be the greatest work of art. . Another observation of mine is that,unless you adore the profession or yourself are into work,one cannot judge the artistic quality...
Words: 387 - Pages: 2
...behind him are lined up for a big sale is also a connoted message; it is making inferences about the image based on already known symbols or stereotypes (18). Barthes also mentions that these connotations are also influenced by text surrounding the image. Headlines and the body text, for example, can influence what a person might assume the photograph is displaying (25). My own interpretation has been shaped because I have read the headline, article, and caption, and though I can try to reimagine what I would have thought the image was without the linguistic clues, there might always be a bit of that influence that shapes my own connotation. Reading Reflection #2: Benjamin and the Authenticity of the Original In his article, “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”, Walter Benjamin tackles the concept of reproduction and how the concept of what constitutes originality or authenticity in artwork has changed since the introduction of machinery. He states that there is a clear difference between reproduced artworks and original artworks, and that is authenticity. Authenticity, in Benjamin’s terms, cannot be replicated because it exists within the certain place and time that an image is produced (Benjamin 20). For example, in the Renaissance, copies of paintings and etchings, despite their own quality and closeness to the original, can never hold the same “aura” of authenticity that the originals do because they are not the originals (21). Benjamin also discusses...
Words: 896 - Pages: 4
...Versuchsprotokoll Faden- und Federpendel Einleitung - HaukeWie hängt die Schwingungsdauer mit den Parametern Fadenlänge, Masse und Federkonstante zusammen? Der von uns im Rahmen des Physikunterrichtes durchgeführte Versuch sollte die Zusammenhänge zwischen den verschiedenen Eigenschaften zweier Pendel aufzeigen. Versuchsaufbau - HaukeDie Basis dieses Versuches bildet ein Stativ mit einer Querstange. An ihm werden Pendel aufgehängt, die sich von ihrer Art und von den angehängten Gewichten unterscheiden. In diesem Versuch werden zwei verschiedene Pendelarten untersucht: das Faden- und das Federpendel. Beim Fadenpendel variiert die Länge der Schnur, beim Federpendel die Federkonstante. Wir verwenden die folgenden Pendel: Art des Pendels | Gewicht | Federpendel D=0,13N*m-1 | 50g, 100g, 150g, 200g, 350g, 400g | Federpendel D=1,25N*m-1 | 400g | Federpendel D=0,57N*m-1 | 400g | Fadenpendel 70cm | 50g, 100g, 150g | Fadenpendel 52,5cm | 50g | Fadenpendel 44,5cm | 50g | Durchführung/ Messergebnisse - KimBei dem Versuch haben wir verschiedene Pendel aufgehängt und haben die Dauer von 10 Schwingungsperioden bestimmt. Bei dem ersten Versuch haben wir die große Feder genommen und haben bei jedem Gewicht zwei bis drei mal die Zeit gemessen. Es sind folgende Ergebnisse heraus gekommen: Gewicht | Zeit | Schwingungsdauer | 50g | 4,0sek / 3,4sek | 10 | 100g | 5,3sek / 5,35sek / 5,17sek...
Words: 615 - Pages: 3
...expensive to stage. However, even though major events are expensive to stage they bring revenue to the businesses in the area where the event is being staged and raise awareness of the local area which helps promote tourism for a specific region. The White Night event was 1st conceived in Paris, France in 2002. Paris’ event name is ‘Nuit Blanche’ which translates to “White Night”. The event was created “to make art and culture accessible to large audiences within public spaces” (White Night Melbourne website 2014). From the event first being held in Paris in 2002, it has gained momentum as an international event with over 20 cities in the world now hosting a White Night event. Melbourne held its first White Night event in 2013 and was “a state government of Victoria initiative created by the Victorian Major Events company” (White Night Melbourne website 2014). In Melbourne’s calendar of events, this is a truly unique event for Melbourne as there are no other festivals that run from dawn till dusk that showcase our city streets and landmarks and our appreciation of art and music all combined into one event in one night. One unique aspect of this event is the screen projections on to major Melbourne landmarks and buildings. These projections on buildings 80 metres and...
Words: 1569 - Pages: 7
...Mass media is undoubtedly one of the most powerful agents of socialization; it can influence, change or reinforce not only opinions and ideas, but behavior as well. Numerous accounts in Philippine history show how political and social upheavals have been triggered by exposés of injustice or corruption in radio, TV and newspapers – a testament that media is indeed such a powerful and ubiquitous force, which by no means should be underestimated. For example, radio was best dramatized during the 1986 People Power Revolution . Jaime Cardinal Sin’s appeal to the Filipino people through the Catholic radio station Radio Veritas moved millions to gather in EDSA with the hopes of overthrowing the Marcos regime. Radio and TV are arguably the most common and far-reaching means of relaying messages to the public. The influence of these outweighs the ownership. This is especially seen in rural areas, wherein electricity constraints limit the use and ownership of radio and TV sets, as opposed to Metropolitan areas, wherein ownership of the said appliances are densest. In rural areas, however, the proximity of the households to each other allows these forms of media to be seen and heard by more people, eventually influencing them . In the Philippine context – which is considered to be a highly stratified society – radio, TV and newspapers, are further differentiated according to their target market. Cable TV for example, caters to the upper socio-economic brackets, so do broadsheets...
Words: 1444 - Pages: 6
...active member of society one strives to be creative. Striving to be creative is striving to achieve innovative and complex stimulation and to communicate ideals and values with the public. Art is the most culturally universal and timeless form of creativity. Art has been the most prominent way of communicating emotion, ideals, values and entertainment for mankind over centuries. From intricate instructions on embalming to please the gods in Egypt, to Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup advertisement style pop-art, every piece of art has a history and a story to tell. This story begins with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who are credited with fore fronting the avant-garde Cubist revolution. Abandoning the socially correct representations of objects, which blatantly depicted the actual appearance of said objects, Cubism reduced natural inspirations to their geometric equivalents and used varying planes to depict differing points of view according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Cubism is best described by Jacques Lipchitz, a Cubist sculpture, “Cubism is like standing at a certain point on a mountain and looking around. If you go higher, things will look different; if you go lower, again they will look different. It is a point of view" (Cubism Movement, 2012). The key to truly understanding an art form is to know why it was created, or how it evolved. Cubism was a form of rebellion from the norm that existed for centuries. This norm was around since the Renaissance time period, nearly...
Words: 873 - Pages: 4
...wartime propaganda it was to keep Germany unite in their fight against the enemy and to keep them inspired with hope and promises of victory. "One of the most philosophically fascinating uses of cinema, is a vehicle for propaganda. Granted all mass media-books, television, music, newspaper, radio and nowadays the internet - can be used for propaganda, that is, as tools for getting a message broadly accepted in a target audience. But, it has been argued that film-as opposed to literature, the plastic arts, music and the other performing arts-has a unique power as a tool for propaganda" (Jason203). "The films of a nation reflect its mentality in a more direct way than other artistic films because films are never the product of an individual and the films address themselves and appeal to the anonymous multitude" (Kraucer, 5). This is why Hitler and the Nazi party decided to use film as a method for spreading their ideology. Film allowed them to reach the masses in a way that other mediums just couldn't do. Plus the "anonymous multitude" would be able to view the films and accept the ideology without anyone else knowing. Since the cinema was such a big operation the Nazi party could keep an eye on the message to make sure it was correct to the ideology of Hitler. This was not an underground operation where the message could get misinterpreted or where someone down the line of production could...
Words: 2724 - Pages: 11
...importantly safe to say. Hitler was able to gain more and more followers and appeal to the people due to the severe state of the German economy and the critical state of the people that had no savings, no assets and practically no food. The Versailles treaty had simply been a recipe for destruction for the Weimar Republic and the crisis was the last straw leading to its demise. Hitler was the only one that was offering immediate solutions, not future ones such as his opponents did, and used large scale propaganda to make the people truly believe in his new ideology that was in a sense, a new way of life. He could not have chosen a more competent propaganda minister to accomplish this than Joseph Goebbels, who took full control of the media, arts and information influx in Germany. Hitler...
Words: 3015 - Pages: 13
...The Death of Radio: an Analysis based on Mass Communication as a Political Economy and Culture Saad Rana ICMS Abstract Before the advent of television, radio was the form of broadcast medium to disseminate information to the masses. Broadcasters announced news, provided infotainment, as well as entertainment in the form of stories and shows with live audiences in the studio. This paper will look at radio as a form of mass communication, the proliferation of other types of broadcast media. The paper will try to understand the political economy of the industry and how it has become big business by analyzing Murdock and Golding's The Industrialization of Mass Communications. MacDonald's Theory of Mass Culture will be dissected to understand that although radio was a form of mass culture, it provided entertainment to the masses, which allows the economy to thrive. Discussion In their paper, 'The Industrialization of Mass Communications,' Murdock and Golding imply that mass communications—how people or organizations communicate to the masses—is a money-making industry, and like all other industries such as technological, auto etc.; it is susceptible to losing its value for what it was intended to be –a pure form of communicating to the masses. Their theory on mass communications focuses on the industry as a political economy which is how an economy cycles, questioning and arguing the ownership and control of media, factors that bring together media industries with other...
Words: 1937 - Pages: 8
...firenza and landini Italian arts nova EditWatch this page Johannes Ciconia Ciconia's music is an eclectic blend of styles. Pieces typical of northern Italy, such as his madrigal Una panthera, appear with pieces steeped in the French ars nova. The more complex ars subtilior style surfaces in Sus un fontayne. While it remains late medieval in style, his writing increasingly points toward the melodic patterning of the Renaissance, for instance in his setting of O rosa bella. He wrote music both secular (French virelais, Italian ballate and madrigals) and sacred (motets and Massmovements, some of them isorhythmic) in form. He is also the author of two treatises on music, Nova Musica and De Proportionibus (which expands on some ideas in Nova Musica). His theoretical ideas stem from the more conservative Marchettian tradition in contrast to those of his Paduan contemporary Prosdocimus de Beldemandis. Guillaume Dufay Dufay composed in most of the common forms of the day, including masses, motets, Magnificats, hymns, simple chant settings in fauxbourdon, and antiphons within the area of...
Words: 958 - Pages: 4
...1922, Siqueiros returned to Mexico City to work as a muralist for Álvaro Obregón’s revolutionary government. Then Secretary of Public Education José Vasconcelos made a mission of educating the masses through public art and hired scores of artists and writers to build a modern Mexican culture. Siqueiros, Rivera and José Orozco worked together under Vasconcelos, who supported the muralist movement by commissioning murals for prominent buildings in Mexico City. Still, the artists working at the Preparatoria realized that many of their early works lacked the "public" nature envisioned in their ideology. In 1923 Siqueiros helped found the Syndicate of Revolutionary Mexican Painters, Sculptors and Engravers, which addressed the problem of widespread public access through its union paper, El Machete. That year the paper published – "for the proletariat of the world" – a manifesto, which Siqueiros helped author, on the necessity of a "collective" art, which would serve as "ideological propaganda" to educate the masses and overcome bourgeois, individualist art. Siqueiros hoped to create a style that would bridge national and universal art. In his work as well as his writing, Siqueiros sought a social realism that at once hailed the proletariat peoples of Mexico and the world while avoiding the clichés of trendy "Primitivism" and "Indianism" 1932 at the Italian Hall at Olvera Street in Los Angeles.[11] Painting fresco on an outside wall – visible to passersby as well as intentional viewers...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4
