The two articles wrote by John G Singer and Richard W. Oliver are discussing about the definitions of strategy. John G Singer is a principal of Blue Spoon Consulting in Minneapolis, while Richard W. Oliver, is a Professor of management at the Owen Graduate School of Management.

Singer criticized that people nowadays always characterize every speech and action as strategic as if by simply adding that particular word can exalts the importance and quality of the thinking. He also pointed out that strategy is not technology because there will be no competitive advantage gained if strategic visioning led by technology. The reason being is that, it is not an innovation. It is actually a cut-and-paste methods, rather than holistic thinking to guide the process of change, which is a concept-driven innovation. He also put a stand that strategy is not the internet; instead it is only a piece of strategy that adds as another feature to the strategic landscape, not a standalone strategic idea. Singer also argue that strategy should be in the form of modern strategic visions arising from new language to frame action and new management techniques that work horizontally across organizational and national boundaries and not from messaging. It should involved leadership and perceptual skills through the process of experience that can then give people, industries and countries their identity. Singer stressed that strategy has and always will have a human dimension. Therefore, human limitations, informational uncertainties and complexity are built-in structural features of the environment, not annoying problems that better information technology can eliminate. We should not mistakenly identify components of strategy for strategy itself as it can put bad effect to the particular company. Technology is only a component of the strategy. He suggest that it is more important than