...Destiny Mick Williams Anatomy December 19 Pros and Cons Of Using Artificial Organs and Bionic Limbs Artificial limbs and organs help many people. But where do we draw the line with what is human and what is not? Using bionic limbs and artificial organs help many people in need. The future of these items are getting increasingly greater. New advancements are happening very rapidly, which is a really good thing. These advancements make it more comfortable for the wearer. There are so many types of bionic limbs because they have been constantly trying to perfect each one. The artificial organs help many people in need, for example soldiers. Bionic limbs and artificial organs have many advantages but they also have their disadvantages. Artificial...
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...“Assistive technology or better known as AT is any item, piece of equipment, software or product system that is used to increase, maintain or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.” (ATIA) Assistive technology can be as simple as a motorized chair or complex as computers that help people communicate. Some hardware would include a crutch or a prosthetic limbs to help them walk or perform basic functions such as walking. In some cases these people need to remodel their whole house to compensate for their needs. Some other hardware could be switches or special keyboards. Companies or organizations that use or help promote assistive technology would be any hospital, “Ablenet which is a worldwide organization that helps kids and adults with disabilities to live fulfilling lives.”(Ablenetinc) Also most importantly the Wounded Warrior Project is the top organization and promoter that help the public be aware of the soldiers who return home. One of the impacts would be the advancement in prosthetics. Prosthetics now on the lower limbs have joints that imitate the motion of our knee or ankle. But prosthetics of the hands or arms can never get that feeling of our own hands such as grasping or lifting things. In twenty years or so these can actually go robotic so you can be able to use your fingers just like they used to as if the incident never happened. Not only just the upper extremities also the lower extremities as well. Give the patient the use of their...
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...Describe the Business I am a small business owner. In fact, the business is a service-disabled veteran-owned business. I qualify as a service-disabled veteran-owned business as the Department of Veteran Affairs has determined that I have a service-connected disability after my six years of service, and I own over 51% of my business (SBA, 2013). My business produces prosthetic limbs for amputees. The prosthetic limbs are made specifically to fit the veteran. The recent Iraq and Afghanistan wars have left many service members in need of prostheses. Additionally, the aging veteran population is also in need of prostheses due to diabetes and other long-term diseases. Federal Government Procurement Opportunity The Department of Veteranss Affairs develops medical contracts to supply prosthetics to veterans. The Department of Veterans Affairs has contracts with various companies, such as Morfey Limbs and Braces, to provide prosthetic limbs. Many of these companies are large and are not certified with the Small Business Administration, but the Department of Veteran Affairs is charged, nationally, with having 10% of their contracts be with service-disabled veteran-owned businesses (Fiscal Year, 2013). My business can help the Department of Veterans Affairs meet their goal of 10%. The Department of Veterans Affairs contract for prosthetic limb with vendors at the Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) and their acquisition centers. My business is located in VISN...
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...understand the world in a way I never had before. Whenever I think about my future, what I want to study, and how I want to make a living, I always think of engineering- a career that would allow me to develop this fascination with the way the world works and to apply my knowledge to a project that could help improve peoples' lives. I want to go into this field to develop technology that could help cure disease or improve the quality of life of those with serious medical conditions. The concepts of Physics play a crucial part in the everyday work of Biomedical Engineers, specifically in the invention of prosthetic limbs, artificial organs, and improved hearing aids. "The first artificial limbs were stiff and did not have joints that bent like real arms, hands, or legs" (Woods 40). The invention of the artificial limbs was a major milestone in the medical world. Artificial limbs work so effectively and look so convincing; people might not even notice someone wearing one. Prosthesis is a device used to replace a lost limb. In addition to this, prosthesis can result in cosmetic improvements for the patient and build self-confidence. After years of research, science and technology have combined to make...
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...First off, I’d like to define prosthetics; some individuals may see prosthetics as simply a replacement for a limb, but the definition is slightly more complicated than that. “A Prosthesis can be any device designed to replace part of the body or improve the functionality of a body part; not just limbs, prosthetics include, but are not limited to; eyes, arms, legs, hands, joints, toes, and facial prosthetics.” (Disabled world) I personally have a fascination with prosthetics for a few reasons, first of all; when I was a little kid I grew in spurts; my legs, neck, back, and arms were in incredible pain. I would grow six to eight inches about every three years. That might seem normal, but when I grew I would only grow two or three months out of those three years. I would have given anything to stop the pain and trade for prosthetics. Some days I wouldn’t even want to get out of bed. I hurt all over. Another reason is that my family has a military background and I feel a calling for military service, but I am unsure of joining the service, this is an indirect way to be involved with military service people in need of services. The last major reason is that prosthetics are super cool, but I know I can do something more. I was meant to enable people to reach their fullest potential; I feel it’s my destiny. Within this paper I am going to discuss the beginning stages of prosthetics to current prosthetic innovations. I have an affinity for two prosthetics organization...
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...There are many different ways prosthetics have impacted the medical and technology industry both positively and negatively. Here are some ways it did. I believe that bionic limbs have positively impacted the medical industry by helping people that have lost their limbs in the past and if they lose their limbs in the future. To start off, there are many people that lost limbs in the past, from war, or in bombing incidents, or for any other reasons. Not until the 1900’s did they even start making legs with rubber and other material other than wood. 10 years ago they just came out with the first bionic leg, that actually moved the way you wanted to. In the past you couldn’t even be athletic and mobile. You couldn’t attend a marathon and run it. In the past, they didn’t have the most comfortable material, they would just prescribe you drugs to get rid of the pain. Now that I went over the past, what about now? According to Ben Bowers, from Gear Patrol, he said, “look at prosthetics as one way to approach to tackling the results of disability, disease, and the damage of aging. The goal for the prosthetics is to function a part of the body where there is no function at all”. Back then they didn’t have the right technology to make a bionic limb that was comfortable, durable and worked like the limb did. But now its 2016 and we advanced so much. Electronic sensors built into advanced prosthetics now enable a level of dexterity and functionality never before imagined. It’s not only changed...
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...Time COM 172 March 21, 2012 Dr. Yvette Irizarry Extending Human Life One Chip at a Time How long would you like to live? It is undeniably that scientists and technology are predestined to mend and prolong people natural lifespan expectancy. This, due to the emergence and advancements of a new technology era with highly specialized medical doctors, along with; biologists and bioengineers, electronics, chemists and chemical engineers, physicists, and mechanical engineers all working together in an orchestrated choreographed process around the globe. Novelties in nanotechnology, sustained living tissue reproduction, bio-hybrid organ devices and microfluidics platforms have evolved from a concept of fantasy to a revolutionized reality. Available technology has migrated into the medical world, allowing scientists to develop several human organs utilizing microfluidics platform technology. Harvard University has developed a highly refined lung on-a-chip that embodies numerous forms of tissues. “We started with the simplest embodiment of human airway and capillary cells, and then introduced immune cells” (Ingber, 2010, p. 661). The chip consists of micro-channels parted by a malleable micrometer tissue. A single conduit encompasses air sacks lining like human lungs, and the other channel conveys capillaries, and to emulate blood flow, it has liquids flowing. The chip highlights the cells’ behavior and fluctuations when they are stretched. The size of the chip is made of human...
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...prosthetic heart valves? 2. Which microorganisms are commonly implicated in prosthetic valve endocarditis? 3. Does the route of microbial entry influence severity of prosthetic valve endocarditis? 4. Is there a correlation between the type of prosthetic valve and treatment outcomes? Although prosthetic valve endocarditis is an infrequent complication, with an overall incidence of 0.1 to 2.3% per patient year, it is imperative that a superior understanding of the risk factors be gained; so that more patients receiving valve replacement have the best possible outcomes (Piper, Korfer, and, Horstkotte, 2001). What are the indications for prosthetic heart valves? The role of the heart in all living organisms is tremendous. This hollow, muscular organ allows for the distribution of blood throughout the body. As a vital pump, the heart rhythmically contracts making it possible for the circulatory system to function effectively. The heart is composed of four chambers: two superior ( http: / / en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Superior_%28anatomy%29" \o "Superior (anatomy) ) atria and two inferior ( http: / / en.wikipedia.org / wiki / Superior_%28anatomy%29" \o "Superior (anatomy) ) ventricles; as well as four valves: mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonic. These valves allow for unidirectional blood flow into and out of the ventricles during systole and diastole. If a valve becomes stenotic or regurgitant, this can lead to symptoms such as syncope, dyspnea, and even sudden death. Therefore, if...
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...Bodily Systems and the Spatial-Functional Structure of the Human Body Barry Smith, PhD1,2, Igor Papakin1, Katherine Munn1 1Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Abstract. The human body as conceived by medical science is a system made of systems. The body is divided into bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. These are subdivded into many subsystems at a variety of levels whereby all systems and subsystems engage in massive causal interaction with other systems and subsystems. In this essay we offer an explicit definition of bodily system, and explicit means for understanding these causal interactions. Whereas informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, it falls short of what is needed for computer representations. In our analysis we will define bodily system, and will take some first steps toward understanding the causal relationships bodily systems have with their subsystems. 1. Introduction Ontology plays an increasingly significant role in work on terminology and knowledge management systems in the domain of biomedical informatics, and we hold that it will play an essential role in biomedical research of the future. The term ‘ontology’ must, however, be understood in the right way [1]. The dominant paradigm might be referred to as ‘applications...
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...Three Dimensional Printers in Medicine “Printing of a kidney or another human organ may sound like something out of a science fiction novel, but with the advancements in 3D printing technology, the idea may not be so far-fetched” (Thompson). Addictive manufacturing, or three dimensional printing, occurs when three dimensional solid objects are created from a digital model. Plastic, ceramic, glass, or metal can be combined into successive layers by using additive processes in order to print an object. This process is currently being used by companies such as Boeing, General Electric, and Honeywell to manufacture parts. In the past, three dimensional printing has been used for medical purposes, specifically to make prosthetic limbs, custom hearing aids, and dental fixtures. Due to the extreme success with 3D printing, medical researchers are now using the technology in more complex forms. They are making human tissue. These three dimensional printers, now called bio-printers, form human tissue by using a bio-ink that is made of living cell mixtures. “Basically, the bio-ink is used to build a 3D structure of cells, layer by layer, to form tissue” (Thompson). The goal for this technology is to be able to use the printed tissue to make organs. This will greatly increase the availability of organs needed for organ transplants. Already, a team of bioengineers have used this technology to print “3D patterns of blood vessel networks out of sugar that allow tissue to grow around them...
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...Introduction Defining brain death has continued to be a highly controversial phenomenon in our society today. In fact, it was recently described as being “at once well settled and persistently unresolved” (Truog 273). Traditionally death involves the “permanent stopping of the heart and cessation of breathing” (Fins and Laureys 1). However, with the advent of the artificial ventilator invented by Bjorn Ibsen from Denmark, a patient’s breathing and heartbeat could be continued, even in the absence of brain function (Fins and Laureys 1). Once physicians diagnose a patient as brain dead, the next step is often the procedure of organ transplantation. There is a multiplicity of views on brain death and subsequent organ transplantation, with each culture’s beliefs shaping its own medical practices; these differing stances often lead to ethical debates. Background Brain death was first described in the 1950s by two French physicians, Mollart and Goulon, who termed it as “coma depasse,” a state beyond coma and differentiated it from “coma prolonged,” a continual vegetative state (Ganapathi 10). The Harvard Ad Hoc Committee later reported two definitions of death: the “traditional” cardio-pulmonary death and “brain death” (Lock 138). In 1981, the Report of the Medical Consultants on the Diagnosis of Death to the US President's Commission reevaluated death, advocating that the diagnosis of brain death should not be distinguished from the death of “the organism as a whole” (Death...
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...animals have similar organ systems and body processes. Experiments on animals help scientists increase knowledge about the way the human body works. In the United States, scientists perform experiments on more than twenty million animals each year. Medical researchers study animals to get a better understanding of body processes in humans and animals. They use many animals to study the causes and effects of illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease. Vivisection is the most controversial issue of animal rights. Vivisection actually means “cutting a living thing”. Some popular companies that still test on animals are Band-Aid, Clorox, Febreze, Maybelline, and many more. Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked inside cold cages in labs across the country. They suffer in pain, ache with loneliness and long to be free. All they can do is sit in their cages and wait, in fear, for the next experiment to begin. The stress actually causes the animals to begin strange behavior like pulling out their hair and biting at their own skin. They jump in fear whenever someone walks past, scared that they will be chosen. After going through this terrible life, almost all of these animals are killed. I feel animals are tested for meaningless numbers on a chart and then killed. There are many cheap, faster, and non-animal tests that can replace the ones that are out there now. The first realistic software models of human and animal organs are starting to...
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...and somewhat inconsequential applications like; cosmetics, and other household products. Here are some pro’s and cons that are mostly mentioned about animal testing: Pro’s o Finding drugs and treatments to improve health and medicine. There are already some lifesaving medical breakthroughs that are the result of animal testing, like open heart surgery, organ transplants, effective insulin, vaccines for deadly diseases, … o It is the most accurate way to learn the effects of substances in a living body o Ensuring the safety of drugs and other substances o Human harm is reduced and human lives are saved but also animal lives are saved because of animal testing. o Many of the medications and procedures that we currently use today wouldn’t exist and the development of future treatments would be extremely limited. o Many argue that the lives of animals may be worthy of some respect, but the value we give on their lives does not count as much as the value we give to human life. o Using cell cultures can only reveal side effects on a molecular level and cannot unfortunately, reveal side effects like organ failure, rashes, tumors, or cardiac arrest like animal testing can. o Using computer models cannot always predict unknown variables that can be discovered with animal testing. o Animals may not have the exact same philology...
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...BIMESTER (JANUARY 6 – MARCH 5, 2014) NAME: MARIA E. PANTING GRADE: 9TH INTEGRATED SCIENCES: LIFE SCIENCE AND CHEMISTRY The human body is formed by different systems and organs that allow it to work, and grow. We will study the skeletal system, the skin and muscles, food and digestion, circulation, respiration and excretion. 1. What must I know and be able to do at the end of the third bimestrial? ¬ Ch. 1 Bones, Muscles, and the Skin 1. Identify the functions of the skeletal system, the muscular system and the skin. 1. Compare and contrast movable and unmovable joints, and types of muscles. 1. Explain how skin protects the body from disease. ¬ Ch. 2 Food and Digestion 1 Identify the importance of each type of nutrient. 2 Explain the relationship between diet and health. 3 Identify the organs of the digestive system and what takes place in each. ¬ Ch. 3 Circulation 1 Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries. 2 Identify the functions of the pulmonary and systemic circulation system. 3 Identify the parts and functions of blood, and give examples of diseases. 4 Describe the functions of the lymphatic system, and explain how lymph organs help fight infections. ➢ Ch.4 Respiration and Excretion 1. Describe functions of the respiratory system and what happens during gas exchange and breathing. ...
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...what is cloning, the pros and cons of cloning, and how to fix this controversial issue. Cloning is a cell or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which is was derived from. Cloning can be done on animals, plants, food, and even humans. The three types of cloning are Gene, Reproductive, and Therapeutic Cloning. Gene cloning creates copies the DNA, Reproductive cloning involves copies of animals, and Therapeutic cloning deals with stem cells in human beings body. One of the pros from cloning is that it can replace internal organs and tissue. Embryonic stem cells can grow and produce new organs and tissue from the damaged one. When patients are in need of a transplant, instead of waiting for an organ donor, they would just clone their organs and tissues. So if someone got into a car accident and needed a new heart and a new face, cloning would produce the organ so they could have another organ and the tissue so they could make his face without scars. Another pro for cloning is it being the solution to couples who have infertility issues. There are couples in this would who have problems producing kids...
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