...resonate well with the viewer. Contrapposto is an image of skewed human figure displacing the actual weight dispersion for an artistic effect. Foreshortening allows an artist to make an object seem closer than it is. Illusionism comprises of the ability to interpret artistic depictions as a real object. Classicism includes artwork based on ancient Greek or Roman artistic and cultural principles. Cennino Cennini, through Il Libro del l’Arte, argues a novice artist requires the best works of their precursors to enrich their artistic skill. Imitation fortifies skills through repeated reproduction of the chosen work. However, a trainee artist should focus on one piece of art to thoroughly gain the desired skill sets. Imitation eventually begets emulation through a natural inculcation of the expert's skills. Emulating the work of an accomplished artist provides a young artist with a base to develop individual skills. Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi) introduced linear perspective through The Holy Trinity on Tempera as a primary medium. Donatello sculpted Mary Magdalene on stone providing a reference that exemplified intricate detailing in art. Andrea Mantegna inspired the importance of detail to paintings through the altarpiece for the San Zeno in Verona using oil and panel. Andrea Brunelleschi studied Greco-Roman ruins to induce the Italian Renaissance through his work on The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Flore in Florence. Fra Angelico painted the Annunciation of Cortona in tempera...
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...moderation in symphony and relentlessness of line. Neoclassical architecture, imitated mutually classical and renaissance arrangements, accentuating order and simplicity. Neoclassical architecture as well as literature was motivated by the importance on aggressive bravery witnessed in the Latin and Greek grand. Neoclassicism deduces the subsistence of classical rule of commendable mythical and artistic invention. Neoclassical artists, by desirable qualities of acquaintance with the rule attempt to produce and widen the rule in every piece of their work. Although they evade sheer imitation of classical subject and designs, the artists try to place their work in the circumstance of a recognized custom and exhibit their mastery of the canons of the genre. Since Neoclassicism is divergent to modernization, its articulacy and creativeness are considered as merits. Neoclassicism in every art implies a specific rule of traditional replica. Other cultures have supplementary rules of classics, and a habitual strain of neoclassicism materializes as the expected appearance of cultures that are positive of their conventional traditions, and feel the need to reclaim anything that has slithered away. Neoclassical architecture is founded on the beliefs of simplicity and regularity seen as virtues of arts in prehistoric Rome and Greek, and they were drawn from 16th century as renaissance classicism. Neoclassicism gained pressure in England and France via a generation of art students educated...
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...Gian Lorenzo Bernini, (born December 7, 1598, Naples, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]—died November 28, 1680, Rome, Papal States), Italian artist who was perhaps the greatest sculptor of the 17th century and an outstanding architect as well. Bernini created the Baroque style of sculpture and developed it to such an extent that other artists are of only minor importance in a discussion of that style. Bernini’s career began under his father, Pietro Bernini, a Florentine sculptor of some talent who ultimately moved to Rome. The young prodigy worked so diligently that he earned the praise of the painter Annibale Carracci and the patronage of Pope Paul V and soon established himself as a wholly independent sculptor. He was strongly influenced by his close study of the antique Greek and Roman marbles in the Vatican, and he also had an intimate knowledge of High Renaissance painting of the early 16th century. His study of Michelangelo is revealed in the St. Sebastian (c. 1617), carved for Maffeo Cardinal Barberini, who was later Pope Urban VIII and Bernini’s greatest patron. A major figure in the world of architecture, he was the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. As one scholar has commented, 'What Shakespeare is to drama, Bernini may be to sculpture: the first pan-European sculptor whose name is instantaneously identifiable with a particular manner and vision, and whose influence was inordinately powerful...' In addition, he was a painter...
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...The idea of art has been guided by human psychological necessities and an understanding of life been escorted by religious beliefs. Throughout human history, it is easily visible the effect that human desire to define their existence have had in the development of art, social hierarchies and moral principles. High Renaissance (1490 - 1527) and Italian Baroque (late 16th century - early 18th century) are period styles greatly influence by occurrences at the time. Michelangelo’s Moses is an immense representative of the High Renaissance styles, as well as, Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s Apollo and Daphne for The Italian Baroque Style. We are going to explore both artworks, comparing and contrasting the meaning behind their existence, their respective cultural and historical events as an influence on their individual time period. Initially, in 1505 Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo Buonarroti to build his tomb. Michelangelo consenting, dedicated 6 months choosing marble at Carrara, for his initial massive design which in theory was to have 40 statues. The project was postponed due to a lack of funds, and a new commission by the Pope, rumored to be the...
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...The Renaissance was a period in Europe that lasted from the early 1400s to around 1600. It acted as a cultural reawakening of sorts for the people of that time, affecting the arts, literature, philosophy, and all other facets of life. Italian humanists, or people “who emphasized the power and potential of human beings for great individual accomplishment,” looked back through the ages and began to appreciate the many achievements that occurred from Antiquity. Because of this the arts of paint, sculpture, and architecture saw a vast refinement by building upon the many major advances made during ancient times. The Renaissance is often broken up in to three segments to characterize the achievements of their times. The first segment occurred between...
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...Brandi Antles Arts/100 Matthew Caron May 23, 2015 Option B: Compare and Contrast Paper This paper is going to be about the comparing and contrasting of Michelangelo’s The Pieta and Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa and how the two works from the High Renaissance. In this paper I will be describing the elements of composition for each artist’s work and explaining what was unique about the artistic choices made by da Vinci and Michelangelo that led them to their continuing popularity. I will also be describing what I believe to be the ideas or values present in their work and what philosophies and interests of the artist’s led to each creating this work and creating it in the manner in which they did. Michelangelo was actually born as Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni on March 6th, 1475 in Caprese, Italy. The Pieta was made in (1498-1499) out of marble and was the work of art sculpture that was sculpted by the prominent artist named Michelangelo Buonarroti, and it is housed in St. Peter Basilica in Vatican City. The statue was custom-built for a French cardinal named Jean de Billheres, who was an evocative in Rome. The statue was made for the French cardinal’s funeral monument. Leonardo da Vinci was actually born as Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci on April 15th, 1452 in Vinci, Florence (known as Italy in present day). Leonardo da Vinci was a scientist, sculpture, writer, and a painter amongst many other things. Leonardo has been described as one of the best painters...
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...HUMANITIES 1 (RESEARCH PAPER) HISTORY OF PAINTINGS AND ARTISTS IN THE WORLD ADRIAN M SITCHON PROF. PEREZ 4TH YEAR/BS.HRM/NS (SUBMITTED BY) TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION HISTORY BODY * EASTERN PAINTING * WESTERN PAINTING * 20th-CENTURY MODERN * AND CONTEMPORARY DEFINITION OF TERMS * FAMOUS PAINTERS * AND BIOGRAPHY * Paintings of famous painters CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION REFERENCE INTRODUCTION: Painting can be done in a variety of media. For example, Oils, Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache and Tempera. Paints are made from a pigment, and a binder. Binder is relatively cheap, while pigment is much more expensive. Pigments are a colored powder, made from organic or inorganic materials. (This is different than a colorant, which dyes or stains a color.) All paints use the same basic pigments, but the binder changes. The binder for acrylics dries quickly and the paint is more like a plastic than oils which have an oil based binder and dry slowly. Oil Paints are often built up in layers or glazes. The other paints---Watercolour, Acrylics, Gouache, and Tempera---are water-based, meaning the paint can be diluted with water and clean-up can be done with soap and water. Oil paints, on the other hand, require paint thinner to clean brushes. The number and variety of painting techniques is endless. Besides quality of paint, factors affecting color quality include: paint opacity, glossiness of painting surface...
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...Gianlorenzo Bernini was an Italian artist born December 7,1598 in Naples he is considered the greatest sculptor and architect of the 17th century.Bernini created the Baroque style of sculpture and in my opinion definitely mastered this style above any one who may have even attempted before or after his era. Bernini's career began under his father, Pietro Bernini, a Florentine sculptor with some talent nothing in comaparison to Gianlorenzo who moved to Rome.Bernini, “a young prodigy“, soon established himself as a independent sculptor. He was strongly influenced by his studies of antique greek and roman marbles in the Vatican, and he waa also very knowledgable of High Renaissance paintings of the early 16th century. The early works of Gianlorenzo caught the attention of Annibale Carracci, Pope Paul V, Scipione Cardinal Borghese, a member of the reigning papal family, and Pope Urban VIII who turned out to be his greatest patron. While Bernini was under Scipione Cardinal Borghese patronage he carved what is known as his first important life-size sculptural which was in groups like a series that showcased his work in levels of progression. The series begins with Bernini scupltures at a single view of Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius Fleeing Troy in 1619 next is Pluto and Proserpina 1621 to 1622 which was a bit more adavnced than the previous sculpture then the hallucinatory vision of Apollo and Daphne which had taken him two years to complete 1622 to 1624 it was created to only be...
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...and the arts from different historical periods, through appreciation, analysis, and performance for self-development, the celebration of Filipino cultural identity and diversity, and the expansion of one’s world vision. CONTENT STANDARDs The Learner: demonstrates understanding of art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior knowledge and skills demonstrates understanding that the arts are integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/ occurrences and other external phenomenon PERFORMANCE STANDARDs The Learner: performs/ participates completely in a presentation of a creative impression (verbal/ nonverbal) of a particular artistic period ARTS TEACHERS’ GUIDE GRADE 9 Unit 1 recognizes the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the different periods (techniques, process, elements and principles of art) INTRODUCTION In this module...
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...the main features of our interest in the master which represents specialisation of individual capabilities and acquisition and development of new strategies to be implemented in any initiative related to creation of added value to a specific territory. This Master was designed in order to create a network of Euro Mediterranean cooperation represented by experts of different nationalities and entrepreneurial, scientific, cultural and artistic specialization. Moreover it was essential to develop strategies of evaluation and promotion of systems of production whose high quality derives from cooperation and integration of processes between systems of enterprise, culture and art, artistic world and local community, competences and traditions and values represented in the territory by cultural, historical and ambient heritage. At the very beginning of the master we were introduced with the theme of industrial districts and their importance. But we went further because we wanted to create cultural interventions for greater social, cultural and artistic satisfaction. In this sense Sansepolcro represents a natural ambient for such interventions being the part of the southern Tuscany which has rich cultural heritage but not completely evaluated and promoted. The provinces of Siena, Arezzo and Grosseto represent the territory of such interventions. Systems of interaction in a specific region are of vital importance and new management of small and medium enterprises and evaluation of activities...
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...HISTORY OF FRANCE • 13th century Spreading the weight of vaults over a series of ribs, columns, and pilasters, Gothic architecture allows the dissolution of the wall. Windows in cathedrals and churches are filled with stained glass; the shimmering colored light transfigures the vast interiors. Depicting biblical stories, scenes from the lives of the saints, or single figures, stained-glass windows complement the sculptures on the exterior and the rites and ceremonies observed within. • 1209 The Albigensian Crusade is launched by Pope Innocent III with the help of Cistercian monks. While the original spark for this war springs from papal desire to extinguish the growing problem of heresy in the region surrounding Toulouse, the political struggle between the independent southern territories and lords from northern France, joined after 1226 by Louis VIII, plays itself out in a war. In 1229, Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, who had been Louis VIII's main adversary, is compelled to cede territory to the king's control. • ca. 1210–1250 Artists at Chartres install an elaborate and extensive program of stained-glass windows in the cathedral under construction there. In addition to religious and historical subjects, the intensely colored windows depict numerous scenes of tradespeople at work, including bakers, furriers, wheelwrights, and weavers. These tradespeople were likely contributors—through hefty taxes—to the construction of the church. • 1226 Louis IX (d. 1270), grandson...
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...Art and CultureArt in ancient GreeceThe Charioteer of Delphi, Delphi Archaeological Museum. One of the greatest surviving works of Greek sculpture, dating from about 470 B.C. Source:WikipediaThe art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present, particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture. In the West, the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, with ramifications as far as Japan. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece dominated the art of the western world.PeriodsThe art of Ancient Greece is usually divided stylistically into four periods: the Geometric, the Archaic, the Classical and the Hellenistic.As noted above, the Geometric age is usually dated from about 1000 BC, although in reality little is known about art in Greece during the preceding 200 years (traditionally known as the Dark Ages), the period of the 7th century BC witnessed the slow development of the Archaic style as exemplified by the black-figure style of vase painting. The onset of the Persian Wars (480 BC to 448 BC) is usually taken as the dividing line...
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...illuminated in black, red, and blue, with a heavy gold layer decorating the initial A for the phrase beginning "Adoro te." The leaf was obtained for the Moldenhauer Archives from the music dealer and publishing firm Schneider, Tutzing. The Art of Musical Notation In its primary sources, music merges with the representational arts. Oral tradition has played a fundamental role in all ages, but in its formal sense, history--and the history of music--begins with the visual record. Musical notation, having emerged on a wide scale in all civilizations, produced in itself a highly individual record of artistic endeavor. The medieval monks who compiled the missals and other liturgical books for the service of worship rose from their function as scribes to artists in their own right; among the greatest documents of Baroque art are the holographs by Bach; and an entirely novel phase in artistic musical score design was initiated in the twentieth century. The primary sources of music reproduced in this volume rely on various aspects of the graphic arts, but foremost among them stands the representation of the musical sound itself, the art of musical notation. Among the manifold forms the written image of music has taken are letters or syllables, to represent individual tones, and symbols to represent groups of them. But a more advanced approach is expressed in notation guided not only by the wish to fix the immediate impression of a given musical sound but by the attempt to...
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...I HISTORY OF ITALY History The migrations of Indo-European peoples into Italy probably began about 2000 B.C. and continued until 1000 B.C. From about the 9th century B.C. until it was overthrown by the Romans in the 3rd century B.C. , the Etruscan civilization was dominant. By 264 B.C. , all Italy south of Cisalpine Gaul was under the leadership of Rome. For the next seven centuries, until the barbarian invasions destroyed the western Roman Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D. , the history of Italy is largely the history of Rome. From 800 on, the Holy Roman Emperors, Roman Catholic popes, Normans, and Saracens all vied for control over various segments of the Italian peninsula. Numerous city-states, such as Venice and Genoa, whose political and commercial rivalries were intense, and many small principalities flourished in the late Middle Ages. Although Italy remained politically fragmented for centuries, it became the cultural center of the Western world from the 13th to the 16th century. Etymology The assumptions on the etymology of the name "Italia" are very numerous and the corpus of the solutions proposed by historians and linguists is very wide. According to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin: Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning "land of young cattle" (cf. Lat vitulus "calf", Umbvitlo "calf").The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol...
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...New York City The first native New Yorkers were the Lenape, an Algonquin people who hunted, fished and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Europeans began to explore the region at the beginning of the 16th century--among the first was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian who sailed up and down the Atlantic coast in search of a route to Asia--but none settled there until 1624. That year, the Dutch West India Company sent some 30 families to live and work in a tiny settlement on “Nutten Island” (today’s Governors Island) that they called New Amsterdam. In 1626, the settlement’s governor general, Peter Minuit, purchased the much larger Manhattan Island from the natives for 60 guilders in trade goods such as tools, farming equipment, cloth and wampum (shell beads). Fewer than 300 people lived in New Amsterdam when the settlement moved to Manhattan. But it grew quickly, and in 1760 the city (now called New York City; population 18,000) surpassed Boston to become the second-largest city in the American colonies. Fifty years later, with a population 202,589, it became the largest city in the Western hemisphere. Today, more than 8 million people live in the city’s five boroughs. New York City in the 18th Century In 1664, the British seized New Amsterdam from the Dutch and gave it a new name: New York City. For the next century, the population of New York City grew larger and more diverse: It included immigrants from the Netherlands, England, France and Germany;...
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