Question 1

value is unchanged before it is printed the first time, so the first number output is 15. value is incremented after the call to println and the loop stops when value == 28 so the last number output is 27.

Question 2

Case I: The && operation evaluates to true if and only if both operands are true. The condition in Case I is evaluated as (bonusOne && bonusTwo) && bonusThree. For the condition to evaluate to true all 3 variables must be true. This correctly implements the intended condition.

Case II: The || operation is true if at least 1 operand is true. The condition in Case II evaluates to true if at least 1 of the variables is true, which is not the intent.

Case III: The conditions are evaluated independently. It is possible for grade to be incremented by 0, 5, 10 or 15 points depending on the values of the variables. This is not the intent.

Question 3

Interchanging, often called swapping, the values of at 2 positions in an array, or in an ArrayList requires the use of a variable to store the value that would otherwise be lost when one value in the array is replaced with the other.

Answers A and B fail to use a temporary variable. Answer C uses a temporary variable but stores the wrong value. Answer E stores the correct variable but does not use the temporary variable.

Answer D correctly stores one of the values in the temporary variable, overwrites the original copy then retrieves the temporary copy.

Question 4

The Quick Reference contains documentation for each ArrayList method called. The list after each step is below.

[A]
[A, B]
[A, B, C]
[D, A, B, C]
[D, A, B]
[E, D, A, B]

Question 5