...CHAPTER 4 The Description of the Problem CHAPTER CONTENTS The Problem of the Problem 46 Problem Statement 47 Related Research 49 What to Include 50 Search Strategies and Information Sources 52 Use of the Internet and World Wide Web 52 Research Strategies before the Internet 54 Relevant Information Sources Appropriate to Successively Specific Stages of Problem Definition 58 Save Steps and Time with Your Computer-An Example 58 Quanti ta tive Literature Summa ries 62 Questions, Hypotheses, or Models? 64 Descriptions of Where to Look and Questions 65 Hypotheses 66 Models 67 Worksheet 4.1: Characteristics of a Good Research Topic 69 Worksheet 4.2: What to Look for in Reviewing Literature for a Dissertation 71 Worksheet 4.3: Characteristics of a Good Proposal Problem Statement 73 Your first task is to describe your problem in terms so enticing as to make the re viewer eager to examine the rest of your proposal. This job falls especially to the introduction and initial problem statement, but is shared with two other sections described in this chapter, the literature review and the questions, hy potheses, and models sections. The introductory section typically develops un derstanding of the problem by describing its significance in relation to the large, important problems already of concern to the reviewer and by showing the problem in the perspective of the field in which it is embedded. Thls leads into a section on related research...
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...1. Accent: The modulation or inflection of the voice in speaking. 2. Anaphoric reference: An expression referring to another expression, especially to something earlier in the sentence(s). 3. Cataphoric reference: The use of a pronoun before a noun in a phrase to which it refers. 4. Colloquialisms: A common spoken, informal expression, often regional. 5. Connotation: A suggested or implied meaning of a word or phrase. 6. Denotation: The literal meaning of a word or phrase. 7. Dialect: A variety of language, characteristic of a particular area. 8. Elision: The exclusion of a letter or syllable between two words, sometimes using an apostrophe. 9. Ellipsis: A mark consisting of three periods, used in publications to signify an inferred omission. 10. Idiolect: The variety of language unique to an individual. 11. Lexis: The set of all words and phrases in a language. 12. Multimodal text: Text that uses multiple modes. 13. Non-fluency features: A period of speech that lacks fluency, such as a stammer or filler pause (e.g. “um”). 14. Register: A style of language used in a particular context. 15. Sociolect: The variety of language used by a certain social group, such as an aristocracy or an age group. 16. Text: A piece of writing comprised of multiple characters. 17. Non-standard grammar (“Angie her name is.”) 18. Phrases implying speaker’s importance (“My monument that ramp.”) ...
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...Using the data in Appendix D, analyse the possible consequences for Roberts Media plc if activity ‘G’ (equipment installed) and activity ‘E’ (design marketing campaign) are both delayed by four weeks. Critical path analysis is the mathematical network analysis technique of planning complex working procedures with reference to the critical path of each alternative system. One possible consequence is that there will be a four week delay for activity ‘G’. This will therefore lead to the launch taking 25 weeks instead of the originally planned target of it taking 24 weeks. This delay will result in the business failing to meet its targeted launch with London fashion week. This could therefore result in the business failing to receive publicity and advertisements linking to London fashion week preventing them from creating awareness thus resulting in a loss of potential customers. The loss of potential advertisement contracts also results in an additional loss of revenue. Another consequence is that Roberts Media plc will have lost a lot of potential customers and sales to its competitors. As stated in the case study the readership of the magazines has fallen in the past two years for reasons such as competition from cheaper rival magazines. By having activity ‘G’ and activity ‘E’ delayed, all the others will be as well as will the launch as previously mentioned. Roberts Media plc.’s competitors could gain customers quicker if they release their products beforehand as customers...
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...The family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic and co-operation and reproduction, according to George Murdock. The term of traditional family includes heterosexual relationship between two parents, being married (preferably first marriage), having children, living together, division of labor by sex (father is the breadwinner and mother is the homemaker), taken father's name by wife and children. These type of families are more than a social unit, it is given "holy" status in society. Nuclear family is a type of traditional family and requires adapting to a life that requires high mobility, isolating husbands and wives from their kin (neolocal residence), a strong dependence of individual members on one another. In fact the traditional type of families, family includes multiple meanings because of this reason there are alternative family forms such as single parent (majority are female headed households, common between West Indians and Puerto Ricans), blended and reconstituted (formed by adults who have married previously and who bring their children from their previous marriage to the new marriage, forming a new family unit), extended (based on common descent, commonly consists of a married couple and one or more married children), cohabiting couples and complex families (co-wives' economic and political interests, especially with regards to their children, their labour, and their allegiances to their kin, often conflict). These type of families are...
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...Comparison of the Three Levels of Health Promotion Queeny M. Carmouche Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V-0102 January 19, 2014 Comparison of the Three Levels in Health Promotion in Nursing Practice Health promotion and disease prevention are appropriate for everyone. High-quality health promotion and disease deterrence can slow disease process, improve one’s ability to live independently and lead an active life, even with people with major health issues. During the 1970’s the concern about the physician shortage lead to the expansion of education in the health profession. Health care professionals are at the core of health promotion by engaging in the educational process with the patient. Health promotion and prevention are what will lead the individual to an improved quality of life. Making healthy choices towards health care will impact lives dramatically. The goals for Healthy People 2020 are “1) eliminate preventative disease, disability, injury and premature death; 2) achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities; 3) create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and 4) promote healthy development and healthy behavior at every stage of life.” (Healthy People, 2010). Goals set in Healthy People 2020 are an attempt to create a paradigm shift from traditional care of treating illness to preventative care. Definition of Health Promotion Health promotion can be defined as “a process of enabling people to increase control over their...
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...Business-Level and Corporate Level Strategies General Motors (GM) is a public company based in the United States that is headquartered in Detroit, Michigan. In the year 2011, the company was able to acquire the title of the largest automaker in the world by achieving the highest number of vehicle unit sales since inception (General Motors, 2012). General Motors led global automobile unit sales for 77 consecutive years from 1931 through 2007; however, the company lost its position to Toyota, which has continued to dominate the market with GM standing at second. The core competencies of a corporate corporation are focused on ensuring that the business entity is able to satisfy the needs and preferences of their customers. This stands as the main determinant in realizing above average returns especially in a highly competitive business environment. This is achieved through business level strategies, which are strategies that outline the various actions to be taken in order to ensure that the company is able to provide value to its customers in addition to gaining the critical competitive advantage by utilizing its core competencies in specific, service markets or individual products. Business level strategy therefore pertains to the corporation’s firm position in its operating industry compared to its main competitors and the five forces of competition. One of the fundamental business level strategies that General Motors has employed is cost leadership. The company has...
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...are three different levels of management. You have the top-level managers, which you would find the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Operational Officer (COO) under. Then, you have middle-level managers, which titles include the General managers, Plant managers, and Regional and Division managers. Finally, you have first-level managers, which some titles are Store and Office managers. These ranking usually are presented through a pyramid, with the top-level managers at the top, and the first-level managers are the bottom. The top-level managers are the ones who creates plans to achieve goals in the different stores. The do not directly deal with day-to-day activities. They do however, make decisions that will affect the entire firm or company. This level of managers includes the fewest in the categories. The top managers usually have a Masters degree, but a degree is not required to take the job. The middle-level managers sometime seek to someday have a position in the top-level. They strive to carry out the goals set in place by the top managers, and they can give feedback to the top managers as to what is and is not working. These managers who can either direct and whole business chain in one area, or just a small group. The salary and responsibility varies in this category based on how much work they have. There are more middle managers than top managers to oversee the last and biggest category, the first-level managers. The first level managers are what most...
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...Introduction The article, “Level 5 Leadership” written by Jim Collins is regarded as one of the best article published in Harvard Business Review. This classic article has identified Level 5 leadership as key ingredient for transforming a company from merely good to truly great. Besides, the author has also introduced the concept of Level 5 leader for the first time from this article. Level 5 leader is defined as an executive who is able to blend genuine personal humility with intense professional will. Summary The Level 5 leadership is an accidental concept which emerged from the findings of the research undertaken by the author himself. The research, which was carried during 1996-2000, was undertaken with the objective to seek answer to one question “Can a good company become a great company and if so, how?” Intrigued by the scenario why great companies exhibited mediocre performance and what can be done to make mediocre company into the great, 11 companies which showed the shift from good to great was selected from 1435 companies for the research purpose. The result of the research, derived from both the qualitative and quantitative analyses showed Level 5 leaders as catalyst for transforming a good company into a great one. Although the research also identified six additional factors such as getting right people on the bus, Stockdale paradox, buildup-breakthrough flywheel, the hedgehog concept, technology accelerators and a culture of discipline responsible for this transformation...
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...lifestyle/boutique, signature, select services and extended stay. Marriott own chains such as Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Courtyard by Marriott, Residents Inn, Fairfield Inn, and Marriott Vacation Club International, BVLGARI, The Ritz Carlton just to name a few. The commonality between all of the properties that Marriott International owns is that they all have a clear business-level strategy that allows them to focus on particular customer groups. Analyze the business strategies for the corporation you chose to determine the business level strategy you think is most important to the long –term success of the firm and whether or not you judge this to be a good choice. Justify your opinion. Marriott business strategies vary depending on the lodging segment. Examples include the Residents Inn is focused on customers that need amenities that go beyond the average but allow the traveler to have a sense of freedom, like they are at home or the Marriott Vacation Club International, which is classified as a luxury timeshare operation. The Fairfield Inn chain is currently using a focused cost leadership business-level strategy. In Fairfield Inns, there are several things that allow the Marriott Company to control cost and offer accommodations at a reduced rate to customers. There are usually no full-scale restaurants within in the main hotel. This means that the company does not have to employ staff to run it, which is costly to the bottom line. Also, the company uses value linens and furnishings...
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...changing of governments impacting on educational policy. Some questions sociologists are interested in about education are: * Why do some pupils achieve more than others? * What is the relationship between education and the economy? * What is the purpose of education? * Do pupil’s school experiences vary? Assessment The course will be assessed by examination only. The examination will consist of various short answer question and essay style questions. Date of Exam: June 2010 Duration: 2 hr The Unit 2 exam is worth 60% of your final AS level grade. There will be 90 marks available on the paper. You will answer one question on the chosen topic, one question on sociological research methods in context and one question on research methods. Assessment Objectives AO1 Knowledge and understanding of the theories, methods, concepts a) The nature of sociological thought AS and A Level candidates are required to study the following concepts and theoretical issues: • social order, social control • social change • conflict and consensus • social structure and social action • the role of values • the relationship between sociology and contemporary...
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...Terminus Hotel Budgeted Fixed Cost Theoretical Practical Normal Master‐Budget 10.000.000,00 € 10.000.000,00 € 10.000.000,00 € 10.000.000,00 € Budget Capacity Level (Rooms) 500 495 300 200 Budgeted Fixed Cost per day and room 54,79 € 55,35 € 91,32 € 136,99 € Variable Cost per room and 13,00 € 13,00 € 13,00 € 13,00 € Budgeted Total Cost 67,79 € 68,35 € 104,32 € 149,99 € 1. Pearson Travel asks for its regular booking of 25 rooms per day @ 140€. The Management declined the offer after consultation with the Financial Department. Financial Department is using the Master‐Budget Method for their assesment. As seen in the table above, if the 10M€ is divided by the prevision of 200 rooms and after the addition of the variable costs, the Cost would be higher than the 140€ offer that they have received. After this decission, the forecast for the year will need to be adjusted as the occupancy will be lower now; Master‐Budget 10.000.000,00 € 175 156,56 € 13,00 € 169,56 € 2. Impressa Reisen offered 159€ per day and room and requested 15 rooms per day for the year 2004. Again, management turned down the bid since the calculated cost following the Master‐Budget Method was higher than the offfer. After this decission...
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...Education ITT Technical Institute - Aurora, CO; Pensacola, FL Degree expected 12/2014 A.S. in Network Systems Administration (Attending) / GPA-to-date - 4.0 Skills * Window XP/ Vista/Windows 7/ Software Updates & Upgrades * Microsoft Word, Excel, Power Point * Upgrade XP/ Vista to Windows 7 * Active Directory ExperienCE ITT Technical Institute – Pensacola, Fl 2013 to 2014 Worked as a Federal Work Study Student that started in Administration at the school and at Milton High School assisting their IT Department * File Clerk * Assisted in Open Houses * Made Fliers for upcoming events Milton High School Assistant to the IT Department * Trouble shoot computers/ replace Motherboards/ Build computers * Add student to Active Directory/ Reset passwords/ Add printers to individual accounts * Assign computers to teachers and students * Software updates and Smart Technology * Clean and update computers/ Trouble shoot overhead projectors GE Wind Energy / Landrum Staffing - Pensacola, FL 2011 to 2012 Material Handler/Forklift Operator Participated in all aspects of warehouse duties including stocking, pulling orders, and packaging. Experienced in all phases of shipping, receiving, and inventory control. Promoted safety awareness and a professional working environment. * Coordinated labor and equipment resources ensuring all jobs...
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...Principles of Management – MGT503 MANAGERIAL LEVELS AND SKILLS VU Lesson 2.5 Level of Managers in an Organization: Top Managers Middle Mangers First-Line Managers Non-managerial Employees First-line managers (or first-line supervisors) are those managers having the least authority and are at the lowest level in the hierarchy of the organization. First-line managers are at the lowest level of management and manage the work of non-managerial individuals who are involved with the production or creation of the organization’s products. They’re often called supervisors but may also be called line managers, office managers, or even foremen. They are directly responsible for the work of operating (nonmanagerial) employees. a. Titles often include the term, “supervisor.” b. Factors changing the jobs of first-line managers include emphasis upon worker participation and teamwork and the use of computers to regulate many activities formerly regulated by first-line managers. c. The jobs of first-line managers are likely to change toward a greater emphasis on dealing with internal human relations. Middle-level managers are those managers beneath the top-levels of the hierarchy and directly supervise other managers below them. It includes all levels of management between the first-line level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as department head, project leader, plant managers, or division manager. a. Typical...
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...Levels of Management of Nescafe In: Business and Management Levels of Management of Nescafe Levels of management Managers are organizational members who are responsible for the work performance of other organizational members. Managers have formal authority to use organizational resources and to make decisions. In organizations, there are typically three levels of management: top-level, middle-level, and first-level. These three main levels of managers form a hierarchy, in which they are ranked in order of importance. In most organizations, the number of managers at each level is such that the hierarchy resembles a pyramid, with many more first-level managers, fewer middle managers, and the fewest managers at the top level. Top-Level Managers Top-level managers, or top managers, are also called senior management or executives. These individuals are at the top one or two levels in an organization, and hold titles such as: Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operational Officer (COO), Chief Information Officer (CIO), and Chairperson of the Board, President, Vice president, and corporate head. Middle-Level Managers Middle-level managers, or middle managers, are those in the levels below top managers. Middle managers' job titles include: General Manager, Plant manager, Regional manager, and Divisional manager. Middle-level managers are responsible for carrying out the goals set by top management. They do so by setting goals for their departments...
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...Comparison of Orders in the Trophic Levels of the River and the Riparian at Glenn Park Sayo Akinboboye Lab 1 Biology 110L September 21, 2014 INTRODUCTION An ecological community is composed of a body of species that interact and live in the same location (Godfray 2014). Depending on the location, the composition of various communities can be different because certain species can only thrive in specific areas. The Riparian is an area that contains an ecological community that lies between both land and water ecosystems (Nilsson 2002). Various species are classified into different trophic levels based on their feeding behavior and in each trophic level, there will be a certain amount of order richness in both the Riparian and the River...
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