...ASEAN Vision Vision statement can be a great asset to just about any type of organization. The vision statement takes into account the status of the organization and serves to point the direction of where the direction of where the organization wishes to go. The vision statement helps provide mission of the corporation business or non- profit entity. There are six vision of ASEAN, which is A Concert of Southeast Asian Nations – envision the ASEAN region to be, in 2020, in fully reality, a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality, as envisaged in the Kuala Lumpur Declaration of 1971., A Partnership in Dynamic Development – will forge closer economic integration within ASEAN. A Community of Caring Societies - an ASEAN community conscious of its ties of history, aware of its cultural heritage and bound by a common regional identity, and lastly is An Outward-Looking ASEAN – playing a pivotal role in the international forum, and advancing ASEAN’s common interests. We envision ASEAN having an intensified relationship with its Dialogue Partners and other regional organization based on equal partnership and mutual respect. The challenges and purpose solutions There are four challenges that appear to the ASEAN Vision. The four challenges to the ASEAN vision is that some business people will lose out. This is will touch on the failure to achieve the failure to achieve the production efficiency. Second challenge of the ASEAN is lies in convincing the relevant agencies of each country to...
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...The East Asia’ Regional Economic Integration Tutor: Griffith, Edward Student ID: 20647046 Student Name: Hong Xu (Eric) Word Count: 2369 Date of Submission: 18/1/2016 The East Asia’ Regional Economic Integration In the past twenty years, the East Asian economies realized the freedom of foreign trade and direct investment (FDI) because of the influence of GATT/WTO and APEC and as a result, it further promotes the economic growth of East Asia. The mutual economic dependence of each countries has increased a lot and therefore, close economic cooperation among Asian countries is necessary for healthy economic development. Many countries try to deepen their cooperation by establishing agreement and carrying out negotiation or discussion (Kawai 2004). Besides, the East Asian countries want to have their own institutions where they have vital voice in decision making after the financial crisis. As a consequence, the regional economic integration become an inevitable trend. The structure of this essay is organized as follows. The first part of this essay will discuss the driving forces of...
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...Executive Summary One of recently formed regional groups was the ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations) that comprises of 10 nations together. Together they are performing an important part in the global economy. With their increasing growth and continued togetherness the ASEAN’s presence is being recognized on the world map. East Asia is proving to be one of the world’s highly dynamic and fastest growing regions. These export driven economies are vast and hence required to develop an understanding of their model of business operation. My report gives information on the history on formation and emphasizes on the trading and integration between these ten economies that are members that forms the ASEAN to bring about a common platform in terms of fields like trading, manufacturing, finance and so on. The purpose of the report is to evaluate ASEAN’s formation and to view the possible favorable and unfavorable conditions. The different factors, the benefits of the integration and its limitations are described in the report below. With respect to my findings and details in the report through different sources on the internet, I feel that the formation ASEAN has benefited these countries and in turn helped them to make their mark in the global market place that is day by day becoming cost oriented. Introduction A regional integration is a method where in different states put into place an agreement to help develop cooperation through regional rules and institutions. The...
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...ASEAN ECONOMIC INTERGRATION IN 2015 AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE PHILIPPINES Elah Czarina C. Andal, CPA IR 204 INTRODUCTION A little over a year ago, the author attended a forum entitled “The Road to ASEAN Economic Community: Maximizing Opportunities and Facing Challenges.” The introduction in the forum’s invite included the following: “The 10 ASEAN member nations are moving towards integration, with the goal of forming an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. Designed to boost regional resilience, the AEC will create a single market and production base characterized by the free flow of goods, services, investments, capital and skilled labor.”1 With much optimism, the author takes note of a promise of greater opportunities for Filipinos as a result of the 2015 ASEAN economic integration and eventual formation of AEC. Further with excitement, the question as to whether this integration comes with the promise of lower unemployment rate in the Philippines beginning 2015 was posted. BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Several studies have been made and many articles have been written regarding the ASEAN economic integration as well as the AEC. This would include those which explain what will happen in 2015 when the integration takes place, those which challenge the readiness of the Philippines for the free trade economy or the preparation for it, or those which presents its impact to the country (both on the perspective of opportunities and challenges). This paper focuses...
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...some improvement in sales. However, its net profit margin barely reached 3% — very low by industry standards — and most of its performance measures lagged behind those of the industry leaders (Exhibits 2 and 3). The stock price of Proton’s listed parent, Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton Holdings Limited), had been substantially lower than its net asset value for several years (Exhibit 3). Because of its low market to book ratio and the heavy government subsidies paid to Proton, Mr. Syed Zainal was under tremendous pressure to turn around Proton’s performance. Adding further pressure, the changing institutional environment had exposed Proton’s inability to compete. Since 2005 when the government committed to reducing import tariffs under the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement, the external institutional environment became very unfavourable to Proton. Although the government continued to protect Proton by providing grants and subsidies, Proton did not stop losing its market share to competitors, most notably to the second national car maker, Perodua. The competition in the domestic market had become stiffer as it...
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...disaster and political unrest experienced in 2010 and 2011 had significantly deteriorated our profits. Road closures, arson attacks and a government-declared state of emergency and curfew in Bangkok and other major provinces resulted in a major decline in the number of customers. A new government is in place, but long-term stability is not guaranteed, as some conflicts still continue in key business areas (Market Indicator Report 2012). Micro-political risks including worker-strikes also upset the daily business operation. Nonetheless, the foreseeable benefits in Thailand outweigh the minor factors in terms of political risk, and there are a number of alternatives to cope with. Firstly, Thailand government has been adopting a welcoming attitude towards foreign investment (ASEAN 1967); Thailand is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In 1992, leaders of ASEAN governments approved a Thai proposal to establish the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), which aimed to reduce tariffs on most processed agricultural and industrial products traded among ASEAN countries. Thereby, leveraging international trade and investment agreements would be an effective approach which can enhance our bargaining power with the host government (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera 2011). With treaties uphold, Thailand is legally safe that there are adequate...
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...Asean 2015 SO soon! Indeed time flies at lightning speed and here staring at us is Asean 2015! And what’s in it for us in academe? But first, a very brief overview of Asean. We are one of ten countries wishing to band together as a single market. We expect that by end of December this year Asean will have measures mostly in place which are designed, like the European Union, to reduce trade barriers and consequently attract more investments. We expect to have free flow of goods, services, investment and skilled labor among “us” – us, meaning the ten member countries of Southeast Asia with the 617 million people (2011 estimate) inhabiting Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. In the future, two other countries could be incoming members of Asean: Papua New Guinea (on candidate status since 1976) and Timor-Leste (on observer status since 2002). These two countries have a combined population of 7,300,000 (2011 estimate). Unlike the EU, Asean will likely not have a common currency and neither the same nor a similar governing structure. About education, four priorities in this area have been laid down by the Asean Education Ministers. These are first, promoting Asean awareness among Asean citizens, particularly the youth; second, strengthening Asean identity through education; third, building Asean human resources in the educational field; and fourth, strengthening the Asean University Network. Committees on these...
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...ECIPE OCCasIOnal PaPEr • no. 2/2010 REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN ASIA: THE TRACK RECORD AND PROSPECTS By Razeen Sally Razeen Sally (razeen.sally@ecipe.org) is Director of ECIPE and on the faculty of the London School of Economics www.ecipe.org info@ecipe.org Rue Belliard 4-6, 1040 Brussels, Belgium Phone +32 (0)2 289 1350 ECIPE OCCASIONAL PAPER ExECuTIvE SuMMARy This is the season for regional-integration initiatives in Asia. There is talk of region-wide FTAs, and there are east-Asian initiatives on financial and monetary cooperation. But grand visions for Asian regional blocs are not achievable. Regional economic integration is most developed in east Asia, but only because of manufacturing supply chains linked to global markets. South Asia is the most malintegrated region in the world. And east and south Asia are much less integrated in finance than they are in trade and FDI – due to highly restrictive national policies governing financial markets. Asia’s existing FTAs are “trade light”. They are largely limited to tariff cuts, but have barely tackled non-tariff regulatory barriers in goods, services and investment, and are bedevilled by complex rules of origin requirements. An APEC FTA initiative has gone nowhere – entirely predictable given such a large, heterogeneous grouping. An east-Asian or a pan-Asian FTA, by discriminating against third countries, would compromise regional production networks linked to global supply chains. Moreover, huge economic...
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...China-ASEAN Economic Relations: Development And Future Challenge. Abstract: In recent 15 years, The development of China-ASEAN trade and economic relations has of great significance, not only for both sides but also for the whole East-Asia region. This paper to discuss the latter that is regional implications of 15 years’ development of China-ASEAN trade and economic relations and find the problem and challenge in China-ASEAN trade relations, as well as provide some further consideration for both sides’ trade and economic relations. Introduction Since the economic reforms and open-door policy of1978-79, China's economy has been growing rapidly and more particularly since 1990 when growth has averaged 10% a year. China's external trade has been growing at an even faster rate of 15% a year since 1990, and it has also annually drawing from the lessons of the financial contagion of 1997. Economic links between ASEAN and China through trade, investments and tourism have prospered throughout the 1990s. Perhaps, equally important, China's maintenance of the value of the renminbi (RMB) during the economic crisis of 1997, served as a regional anchor preventing what could possibly have been successive rounds of competitive devaluations. This clearly prevented the crisis from becoming more acute for ASEAN countries and yet this put China’s own exports at risk, as much cheaper goods from the crisis-plagued region competed with Chinese goods. Another important milestone that contributed...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Issues The meaning of Open Sky in the ASEAN must be determined. For the purposes of this Report, it is taken to refer to a situation of extensive liberalisation within the ASEAN region. It concentrates on the international links between members of ASEAN, and is not so concerned with domestic cabotage. The report does not focus on beyond rights, or on 5th freedom operations of non-ASEAN airlines within the region, though it recognises that these can have an impact on Open Sky arrangements. The rationale for Open Sky is taken to be to promote competition in the airline industry, and to give all airlines from ASEAN the scope to compete on intra ASEAN routes. Open Sky will also give airlines extra flexibility over their route development. Issues which need to be considered include: How well Open Sky will work in ASEAN? Will markets be competitive enough? Will there be shifts in hub location? Will anti competitive strategies affect operation? And will there be instability in the industry? 2. Experience of Open Skies Elsewhere There are many Open Skies bilateral agreements, and a few regional agreements. Few regional Open Skies agreements have led to substantial liberalisation or integration. The exception is Europe - Open Skies in Europe has meant the formation of a single aviation market. Significantly, this arrangement did not come about as a result of countries negotiating an open skies agreement - rather it was imposed on them by a central...
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...Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) and Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) Narrowing the Development Gap Narrowing the Development Gap in ASEAN refers to reducing various forms of disparities among and within Member States where some pockets of underdevelopment persist. Measures in the ASEAN Political Security, Socio-Cultural and Economic Community Blueprints are targeted at policy reforms for narrowing the development divide to foster regional cooperation, greater social and economic integration, consistent with the objective of building an ASEAN Community in 2015. Initiative for ASEAN Integration The ASEAN Heads of State at their Summit in 2000 launched the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) with the objectives of Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) and accelerating economic integration of the newer members of ASEAN, namely Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (CLMV). IAI Work Plans The efforts to narrow the development gap will be driven mainly by the IAI Work Plan (IAI-WP). The six-year IAI-Work Plans have been developed to assist the CLMV countries as well as ASEAN's other sub-regions to ensure that the economic wheels of their economies move at an accelerated pace. The first phase of the Work Plan covered the years 2002 to 2008. The current Work Plan (IAI-WP II) is based on key programme areas in the three Blueprints for the ASEAN Community: ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint, ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community...
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...Introduction This report focuses on Malaysia. Some of the key issues that I would like to highlight in this forum are: the influence of globalization on International Business Trade for Malaysia, the roles of ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) policies for ASEAN trade collaboration and competition, the macro environmental factors that international business should focus upon before launching market expansion, the roles of government in supporting international trade such as Foreign Direct Investment, how government should assist their businesses in competing in global arena either by protectionism or subsidizing, why has International Franchising strategy has work and what are the industries that have utilized this strategy for expansion successfully and why international business executive should pay attention to cultural influence in business negotiation process particularly Malaysia. Influence of globalization Globalization is taking significant role in many nations around the world. All products and services are strongly linked to each other. For example, different parts of computer can be manufacture in different location and assemble in China to save cost. Both developed and developing countries such as Malaysia are cautious of its benefits not only socioeconomically but also geopolitically. Realizing this, Malaysia has started to take initiative in globalization approach in the 21st century. For example, the export of Thai rice and sugar to Malaysia, telecommunication...
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.... The country’s 16 provincial governors are appointed centrally, and in turn appoint district chiefs in a chain of administrative positions from the top down. Only the village head is elected, from a list of candidates drawn up by the district chief. The LPRP has influence at all levels of government. It has party cells in each ministry and in all provincial administrations. This characteristic of Lao PDR politics and government often presents a chalenge fortimely and informed decision making. Fairly routine administrative or technical decisions are frequently seen as political and are referred to senior officials who are busy with many responsibilities. Four official mass organizations function under LPRP direction: the Lao Front for National Construction, the Federation of Lao Trade Unions, the Lao Women’s Union and the Revolutionary Youth Union. The government has an official policy of people’s participation, and there have been pilot projects in local participatory planning mechanisms. However, these initiatives are still incipient and there is little significant popular participation in policy issues to date. The government is also predominantly male, with the only exception in the National Assembly, which is 25 percent female—a higher percentage than in a number of industrialized countries. The national average for women’s participation at all levels of government is 1.6 percent. On average, less than 5 percent of LPRP members are women, and there is only 1 woman...
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...INTELLIGENCE REPORT MOVING TOWARDS ONE VISION ONE IDENTITY ONE COMMUNITY ASEAN VISION 2015 (An excerpt from the ASEAN Economic Blueprint) Office of the Deputy Director General for Sectoral TVET Planning Office TESDA Complex, East Service Road, South Superhighway Taguig City, Metro Manila Tel. No. (02) 888 5652; 817 2675; 893 1966 www.tesda.gov.ph CODE: ST-PO 05-12-2012 ASEAN Vision 2015 I. ASEAN Economic Community The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) shall be the goal of regional economic integration by 2015. AEC envisages the following key characteristics: (a) a single market and production base, (b) a highly competitive economic region, (c) a region of equitable economic development, and (d) a region fully integrated into the global economy. The AEC areas of cooperation include: a. human resources development and capacity building; b. recognition of professional qualifications; c. closer consultation on macroeconomic and financial policies; d. trade financing measures; enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity; e. development of electronic transactions through e-ASEAN; f. integrating industries across the region to promote regional sourcing; g. enhancing private sector involvement for the building of the AEC. In short, the AEC will transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labour, and freer flow of capital. II. Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Blueprint The ASEAN Leaders adopted the ASEAN Economic Blueprint...
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...Table of Contents Introduction to Copenhagen Conference and Kyoto Protocol 2 ASEAN and Copenhagen Conference 3 Climate Change as an Issue 4 Sustainable Development 5 Impact of Kyoto Protocol on ASEAN 7 Challenges faced by ASEAN under Kyoto Protocol 9 Conclusion 11 Referencing 12 Introduction to Copenhagen Conference and Kyoto Protocol In 1992, countries coupled together for an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, by 1995, countries realized that provisions of emission reductions in the Convention were insufficient. Due to this reason, they launched negotiations to reinforce the global response to climate change. These negotiations lead to the adoption of an agreement known as Kyoto Protocol (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2013). The Copenhagen Climate Change Conference held in Denmark raised climate change policy to the highest political level. 115 world leaders attended this high-level segment, building it one of the major gatherings of world leaders ever outside UN headquarters in New York. More than 40,000 people that represent governments, nongovernmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, media, faith-based organizations UN agencies applied for accreditation (UNFCCC, 2013) The Copenhagen Accord enclosed numerous key elements on which there was strong union of the views of governments. This incorporated the long-term goal of limiting the maximum global average temperature...
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