...Throughout this paper, the pathophysiology of Asthma and the clinical manifestations of this respiratory illness will be explored and discussed, while looking specifically at the case study Zachy, a seven-year-old boy suffering from asthma. These findings, once explored will be linked to this unique case, ensuring an in-depth understanding of the effects asthma has on a pediatric patient can be determined. Asthma is a non-curable respiratory disease that disrupts the lung functionality of an individual due to chronic airway inflammation. Although this disease is unable to be cured, medication has a been adapted to ensure that this respiratory illness is controlled (Fehrenbach, Wagher & Wegmann, 2017). When investigating the incidence of Asthma...
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...Outline the major diseases of the respiratory system with reference to the pathophysiology. Respiratory or lung diseases are the most rapidly diseases expanding worldwide. Health problems of the lungs or airways make it very difficult to breath. They could be lasting a short amount of time like the common cold or for years. Other allergic diseases, which affect the respiratory system. Respiratory diseases are mostly caused by indoor pollutants. The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen. When this fails death is not excluded. Lung diseases occur within the lungs. Some lung and respiratory diseases include asthma, pneumonia tuberculosis and lung cancer. Those will be analyzed in the following essay. [1] Asthma or reactive airway disease is a chronic disorder that results in restricted breathing due to inflammation of the bronchi tubes the main air passages in the lungs. Asthma affects 3-5 % of adults and 7 -10 % of children in the USA. Sever asthma attacks can cause approximately 5000 deaths per year. Three changes occur in the lungs of the people with asthma. First inflammation or swelling where the airway becomes inflamed and produce a mucous. Inflammation then leads to constriction of the muscles around the airways causing the airways to become narrow. This narrowing is also referred to as bronchiole spasm. The third change is increased sensitivity of the airways causing the asthma patient to become overly sensitive to animal dander,...
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...Asthma is a disorder that is characterized for its hyper-reactive airways component. It is also another type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as many would prefer to classify it, but I would say is rather a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It is a disorder in which the patients require not only medications to expand the airways to facilitate gas exchange, but also of anti-inflammatory medications. During an asthma attack, the patient’s physiology undergoes through several changes to compensate for an inadequate gas exchange, leading to acid base imbalance, and negative effects in the central nervous system (CNS). The hyper-reactive airways present in asthma, could be the result of pollutant, particles that are...
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...Asthma Asthma is a respiratory condition that can cause serious problems for an individual. This condition causes difficulties in breathing and can cause the airways to become inflamed and swollen. Some of the more obvious symptoms of asthma include coughing, tightness in the chest area, wheezing and difficulty in breathing. These symptoms often become worse when a person has a cold or flu. Asthma can significantly hinder daily routines and are enhanced with physical activity and exercise. As a result of these conditions, a person may feel tired or even have anxiety attacks. Asthma obviously greatly affects the respiratory system causing difficulties during an asthma attack. The airways can become irritated and inflamed and, in severe cases,...
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...References Myers, T. R., & Tomasio, L. (2011). Asthma: 2015 and Beyond... 47th Respiratory Care Journal Conference, “Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care: What Does the Future Hold?” November 2010, Arizona... includes discussion. Respiratory Care, 56(9), 1389-1410. doi:10.4187/respcare.01334 * Asthma is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The knowledge that asthma is an inflammatory disorder has become a core fundamental in the definition of asthma. (coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.) * The prevalence of asthma among children changes with increasing age. As an example, boys have higher current asthma prevalence, compared with girls throughout most of childhood. * From 1980 through the mid-1990s, the asthma hospitalization rate steadily increased in children under 17 years of age. * Trend analysis identified an annual 2.9% increase from 1980 through 1991, but there has been no statistically significant trend after 1991. * Overall non asthma hospitalizations for children has decreased over that period, whereas the asthma hospitalization rate remained level. * In 2006 there were 21 asthma-related hospitalizations per 10,000 children, for a total of 155,000 hospitalizations; this represented approximately 5.6% of all hospitalizations among children in 2006. * Trend analysis found that, while asthma related mortality increased 3.2% per year from 1980 through 1996, a reversal thereafter led to an...
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...Communicable disease outbreak - HAT Task 3 Analyze the selected communicable disease outbreak: SARS Disease overview Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus, called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the illness begins with a high fever (greater than 100.4 degrees F). The fever is sometimes associated with chills or other symptoms, including headache, general feeling of discomfort, and body aches. Some individuals experience mild respiratory symptoms at the outset. Diarrhea is seen in approximately 10 to 20 percent of patients. After 2 to 7 days, SARS patient may develop a dry, nonproductive cough that might be accompanied by hypoxia. In 10 to 20 percent of cases, patients require mechanical ventilation. Most patients develop pneumonia. The disease is spread by close person-to-person contact through direct contact with respiratory secretions and/or body fluids of an infected individual. The incubation period is typically 2 to 7 days, but there are reported cases of up to 14 days. An individual is considered infectious only when they have symptoms, and are considered most contagious during the second week of illness. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in November 2002 a SARS outbreak emerged in South China. An infected medical doctor who had treated infected patients...
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...Asthma Bronchial asthma; Exercise-induced asthma Last reviewed: July 14, 2010. PubMed Health U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health National Center for Biotechnology Information U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, which causes attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. See also: Pediatric asthma Causes, incidence, and risk factors Asthma is caused by inflammation in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the muscles surrounding the airways become tight and the lining of the air passages swells. This reduces the amount of air that can pass by. In sensitive people, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in allergy-causing substances (called allergens or triggers). Common asthma triggers include: * Animals (pet hair or dander) * Dust * Changes in weather (most often cold weather) * Chemicals in the air or in food * Exercise * Mold * Pollen * Respiratory infections, such as the common cold * Strong emotions (stress) * Tobacco smoke Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provoke asthma in some patients. Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies. Symptoms Most people with asthma have attacks...
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...Asthma Joshua Hernandez HCS/245 Oct 7, 2014 Margaret Latham Asthma Asthma is a serious respiratory diseases that is widespread that affects millions and millions of people through out the world. This disease affects newborns, young children, adults, baby boomers and seniors and it is rapidly affecting small children in a rapid rate. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with recurring symptoms, with reversible airflow obstruction with common symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors that affect people throughout the world and in the United States. Diagnoses for the individual having asthma doesn’t know they have asthma till the symptoms of wheezing and shortness of breath arises. Newborns that have asthma when they are born are because it’s a genetic cause but young children that develop asthma are usually because of the environmental issues such as pollution. Also, delivery via caesarean section is associated with an increased risk (estimated at 20–80%) of asthma—this increased risk is attributed to the lack of healthy bacterial colonization that the newborn would have acquired from passage through the birth canal. Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma’s development including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals. Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution or high ozone levels...
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...Asthma Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways. These are the small tubes, called bronchi, which carry air in and out the lungs. If you have asthma, the bronchi will be inflamed and more sensive than normal. Symptoms: * Felling breathless * A tight chest, like a band tightening around it * Wheezing * Coughing What causes asthma? The cause of asthma is not fully understood, although it is known to run in families You are more likely to have asthma if one or both your parents has the condition. Common triggers: A trigger is anything irritates the airways in the symptoms of asthma. This different person to person and people with asthma may have several triggers, such as: house dust mites, animal fur, tobacco smoke, exercise, clod air, chest infections. . Will asthma ever go away? If asthma developed in childhood, your symptoms may become milder or completely disappear by your mid-teens. It can, but does not always, return in later life. If asthma first appears in adulthood, it generally continues at some level. Who is at risk? * A family of asthma or other related allergic conditions, such as eczema. * Developing another atopic condition, such as food allergy * A low weigh * Being born prematurely * Being exposed to tobacco smoke as a child How to prevent? * Patients may use inhalers; depending on the asthma level they may have (one, two, three or four level). * Tablets steroids * Keep houses free of dust...
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...Respiratory System & Disease Jeff Farmer Anatomy& Physiology II Casey Veatch March 14, 2012 As we live our busy lives, there are many things that we take for granted. Things like having running water, weather that’s live-able, weekends, TV with 100 channels, and NFL football. But one very important thing that we all take for granted is the involuntary process of our respiratory system and breathing. The automatic breathing regulation system allows you to breathe so you don’t even have to consciously think about it even when you’re asleep. Respiration is the process of taking in and using oxygen. There are three different phases of respiration: external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration. External respiration is the intake of oxygen from the environment and the release of carbon dioxide. In internal respiration, oxygen is carried to the cells and carbon dioxide is carried away from the cells. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used in chemical reactions within the cells ( Tortora, 2008). Air enters the body through the nose. From here it is warmed, filtered, and passed through the nasal cavity. Air passes the pharynx, then through the upper part of the trachea containing the larynx and moves into the bronchi that carry air in and out of the lungs (West, 1993). Ventilation is the mechanics of breathing in and out. When you inhale,...
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...Good morning, I will be discussing the medical condition Asthma that has been identified as a national health priority in relation to my patient Jane smith. Asthma is a chronic disease of the Respiratory system in which the air passages or bronchial tubes in the lungs become inflamed, swollen and narrowed, preventing free/ easy air flow into and out of lungs. Miss smith is a 12 year old female that suffers from asthma, she is in a healthy weight range although she finds it difficult to exercise because of the seriousness of her disease. She is a student that lives with her two parents and is an only child. Jane smith has no previous family history of asthma and does not have a history of smoking or drinking Although her father smokes frequently. She is prescribed salbutamol for her Asthma. Question 1. Three major pathological changes that occur in the lungs during an asthma attack are: ♣ bronchial smooth muscle contraction- muscles around airways tighten ♣ inflammation of the bronchi ♣ production of extra mucus – causes narrowing Choose TWO of these and for each explain how these pathological changes arise in your person/client (ie. the pathophysiology). There are five signs of inflammation. Redness caused by vasodilation of the capillaries, Heat caused by vasodilation as well as an increase in core body temperature, otherwise known as fever. Swelling caused by increased permeability of the capillaries enabling fluid to move into the tissues, Pain from sensitization...
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...Abrar Haneef Memorial University Introduction Various diseases like sinusitis, bronchitis, asthma, hypertension, overweight, hay fever, allergies such as rhinitis, eczema and other respiratory diseases are caused by numerous factors such as inadequate ventilation system, chemicals, inefficient heating and Colling system, dampness due to leakage, moulds, pollen grain, smoke and other pollutants. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 30% of excess winter deaths in Europe are due to cold homes. Energy conservation can be related to health because it often involves repairing or replacement of heating and cooling equipment to increase efficiency and reduce the generation of pollutants such as carbon monoxide improvement of ventilation to remove contaminants air sealing and improvement of building envelopes, which can often reduce moisture leaks from the exterior, and reducing moisture from the dwellings (Wilson et al., 2014). We spend our most of the time indoors and a study on indoor risk factors for asthma and allergies in the home environment among adults and children have focused mainly on building dampness and indoor mould and environmental tobacco smoke. Another sources of indoor contamination is associated with adult asthma includes storage of household waste for several days. Chemical indoor factors at home associated with adult asthma include formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds and emissions from indoor paint and household cleaning...
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...Bronchial Asthma is an inflammatory disease that deals with your airways and your lungs.Asthma doesn't yet have a cure, but there are specific medications you can take that are their to control your asthma symptoms.Asthma is associated with your respiratory system and it can cause trouble breathing with symptoms of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness in your chest.This disease has been more prevalent in recent years, with an increased rate of children with asthma. When it comes to bronchial asthma there are many different factors that can trigger an asthma attack,but with different people the triggers for each person may vary.Some of the factors that trigger asthma attacks include many different type of allergens like pollen,pets, mold, dust mites, tobacco smoke. Other things include exercise, inhaling cold or dry air, and Gastroesophageal reflux disease is also known as acid reflux which is a digestive...
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...ischaemia. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 3. Administer medications- Morphin (normally 2.5-5mg) & anginine 600mcg (given every five minutes; maximum 3 tablets in order to relieve/prevent pain & ischemia to decrease anxiety & cardiac workload. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 4. 12-lead ECG & monitor in order to check hypotension & bradycardia, which may lead to hypoperfusion. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. Ineffective tissue perfusion 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 1. Monitor vital signs (Hourly) and saturation oxygen to determine baseline and ongoing change. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 2. Administer oxygen by Hudson’s mask (6-10L/min) and monitor the effectiveness to increase oxygenation of myocardial tissue and prevent further ischaemia. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. 3. Monitor respiratory status for sysptoms of heart failure to maintain appropriate levels of oxygenation & Observe for signs of pulmonary oedema. 오류! 책갈피가 정의되어 있지 않습니다. CORONARY ANGIOGRAM 5 Nursing responsibilities and rationale pre angiogram 5 CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT 6 Definition (3marks) 6 ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY 7 Nursing Responsibilities 7 APTT. (3marks) 7 WOUND MANAGEMENT 8 DISCUSS MOIST WOUND –HEALING ENVIRONMENT 8 DEFINE 5 DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXUDATES 9 NEUROVASCULAR...
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...(EV-D68) is a RNA virus, from the family Picornaviridae, responsible for respiratory infections. Because it is an Entero Virus and has different strains, slight changes can happen which make it difficult for the immune system to develop protection against the new forms of the virus. The first case reported in the United States was in California in 1962 and since then, infections caused by the EV-D68 were not very common until last year, when an outbreak happened. From August 2014 to January 2015, over 1,150 cases were reported and people from different states presented clusters of severe respiratory problems due to EV-D68 (National Enterovirus Surveillance System-NESS). Infections caused by the Entero Virus...
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