...Home bias is one of the issues that have been identified based on this case study. Home bias is defined as the preference of the investor invests the equity mainly in domestic market rather than invest in the foreign market even though they can gain substantial benefit due to international diversification. The term of “equity home bias puzzle” is referring to the concept of holding extremely large proportion of domestic equity compare to foreign equity. This phenomenon also exists in other countries, which the investor seems to ignore the opportunity of investing in foreign equity and focus on local market. This statement can be further support by French and Poterba (1991) which states that approximately 94% of the funds are allocated to domestic security market, although the equity market in US only added up to less than 48% of global equity market as a whole. Therefore, extensive amount of studies have been conducted in order to identify the driving force behind the home bias. Based on the findings of the empirical studies, it reveals that the determinant of home bias can be conclude as high transaction cost and information asymmetric. One of the factor the cause the arisen of home bias is due to the high transaction cost. Transaction costs have been appeared in a few research papers but most of them have been ended with different conclusion. The research conducted by Domowitz, Glen, and Madhavan (1998) have classified the transaction cost into three components that is commission...
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...Behavioral Finance By Albert Phung http://www.investopedia.com/university/behavioral_finance/default.asp Thank-you very much for downloading the printable version of this tutorial. As always, we welcome any feedback or suggestions. http://www.investopedia.com/contact.aspx Table of Contents 1) Behavioral Finance: Introduction 2) Behavioral Finance: Background 3) Behavioral Finance: Anomalies 4) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Anchoring 5) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Mental Accounting 6) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Confirmation and Hindsight Bias 7) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Gambler's Fallacy 8) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Herd Behavior 9) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Overconfidence 10) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Overreactions and Availability Bias 11) Behavioral Finance: Key Concepts - Prospect Theory 12) Behavioral Finance: Conclusion Introduction According to conventional financial theory, the world and its participants are, for the most part, rational "wealth maximizers". However, there are many instances where emotion and psychology influence our decisions, causing us to behave in unpredictable or irrational ways. Behavioral finance is a relatively new field that seeks to combine behavioral and cognitive psychological theory with conventional economics and finance to provide explanations for why people make irrational financial decisions. By the end of this tutorial, we hope that you'll have a better understanding of some...
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...STR581 – Strategic Planning and Implementation – Final Exam Study Guide 2013 200 Correctly Answered Questions Remember to check out ACCNerd.com for the latest updates. Section 1 1. “Power prices” use price as a key strategic tool. These “power prices” have discovered the highly ________ effect of price on the bottom line. A. direct B. dramatic C. soothing D. Leveraged E. abrasive 2. Some intermediaries use the following: strategic planning, advanced information systems, sophisticated marketing tools, measure performance on a return-on-investment basis, segment their markets, improve their target marketing and positioning, and ________. A. dominant the manufacturers they do business with B. contend with dwindling customer bases C. aggressively pursue market expansion and diversification strategies D. aggressively pursue take over strategies E. aggressively “squeeze” manufacturer margins 3. Price has operated as the major determinant of buyer choice among poorer nations, among poorer groups, and with ________ products. A. similar B. identical C. commodity-type D. over the Internet | 4. Major retailer types include the following EXCEPT ________. A. the Internet B. specialty store C. superstore D. catalog showroom E. discount store 5. Following the ________ approach to target market selection encompasses a strong knowledge of the segment’s needs, a strong market presence, and operating economies through...
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...Chapter Exchange Rate Determination and Forecasting QUESTIONS 1. What is the difference between the ex ante and the ex post real interest rate? 10 Answer: The ex post interest rate corrects the nominal interest rate with the realized or ex post rate of inflation; whereas the ex-ante (or expected) real interest rate corrects the nominal interest rate for expected inflation. As a lender, you care about the real return on your investment, which is the return that measures your increase in purchasing power between two periods of time. If you invest $1, you sacrifice $1 1+i real goods now, where P(t) is the price level. In 1 year, you get back , where i is the P(t) P(t+1) nominal rate of interest. We calculate the real return by dividing the real amount you get back by the real amount that you invest. Thus, if rep is the ex post real rate of return and ex post real interest rate, we have 1 + r ep ⎛ 1+i ⎞ ⎜ P(t+1) ⎟ ⎠ = (1 + i ) = ⎝ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ P(t+1) ⎞ ⎜ P(t) ⎟ ⎜ P(t) ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Notice that the real rate of interest depends on the realization of the rate of inflation because P(t + 1)/P(t) = 1 + π(t + 1), where π(t + 1) is the rate of inflation between time t and t + 1. For simplicity, we drop the time notation and simply write 1 + r ep = If we subtract 1 from each side, we have (1 + i) (1 + π) r ep = which is often approximated as (1 + i) (1 + π) i-π = (1 + π) (1 + π) (1 + π) rep = i – π The approximation involves ignoring the term (1 + π) in the denominator...
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...Islamic Banking and Finance To Dr Mohammad Omar Zubair, who is a source of inspiration for all those working in the field of Islamic economics and finance Islamic Banking and Finance New Perspectives on Profit-Sharing and Risk Edited by Munawar Iqbal Islamic Development Bank, Saudi Arabia David T. Llewellyn Loughborough University, UK Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA In association with: International Association of Islamic Economics Islamic Development Bank The Islamic Foundation © Dr Munawar Iqbal and Professor David T. Llewellyn 2002 (on behalf of the Steering Committee for the Fourth International Conference on Islamic Economics and Banking held at Loughborough University, UK, August 13–15, 2000) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Glensanda House Montpellier Parade Cheltenham Glos GL50 1UA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. 136 West Street Suite 202 Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Islamic Banking and Finance: New Perspectives on Profit-Sharing and Risk / edited by Munawar Iqbal, David T. Llewellyn p. cm. “Some of the papers were presented...
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...measure as well as consequences. We reach no single conclusion on what earnings quality is because ‘‘quality’’ is contingent on the decision context. We also point out that the ‘‘quality’’ of earnings is a function of the firm’s fundamental performance. The contribution of a firm’s fundamental performance to its earnings quality is suggested as one area for future work. & 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G31 M40 M41 Keywords: Earnings quality Earnings management Review Survey 1. Introduction Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1 (SFAC No. 1) states that ‘‘Financial reporting should provide information about an enterprise’s financial performance during a period.’’ Borrowing language from SFAC No. 1, we define earnings quality as follows: Higher quality earnings provide more information about the features of a firm’s financial performance that are relevant to a specific decision made by a specific...
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...QUANTITATIVE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS WORKBOOK Second Edition Richard A. DeFusco, CFA Dennis W. McLeavey, CFA Jerald E. Pinto, CFA David E. Runkle, CFA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. QUANTITATIVE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS WORKBOOK CFA Institute is the premier association for investment professionals around the world, with over 85,000 members in 129 countries. Since 1963 the organization has developed and administered the renowned Chartered Financial Analyst Program. With a rich history of leading the investment profession, CFA Institute has set the highest standards in ethics, education, and professional excellence within the global investment community, and is the foremost authority on investment profession conduct and practice. Each book in the CFA Institute Investment Series is geared toward industry practitioners along with graduate-level finance students and covers the most important topics in the industry. The authors of these cutting-edge books are themselves industry professionals and academics and bring their wealth of knowledge and expertise to this series. QUANTITATIVE INVESTMENT ANALYSIS WORKBOOK Second Edition Richard A. DeFusco, CFA Dennis W. McLeavey, CFA Jerald E. Pinto, CFA David E. Runkle, CFA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright c 2004, 2007 by CFA Institute. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system...
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...Press is an imprint of Elsevier. 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK Copyright © 2009, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-12-198581-3 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our Web site at www.elsevierdirect.com Printed in the United States 09 10 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Sasha Adeline and Dylan Jedi This page...
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...MANAGING INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS WORKBOOK A DYNAMIC PROCESS Third Edition John L. Maginn, CFA Donald L. Tuttle, CFA Dennis W. McLeavey, CFA Jerald E. Pinto, CFA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MANAGING INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS WORKBOOK A DYNAMIC PROCESS The CFA Institute is the premier association for investment professionals around the world, with over 85,000 members in 129 countries. Since 1963 the organization has developed and administered the renowned Chartered Financial Analyst Program. With a rich history of leading the investment profession, CFA Institute has set the highest standards in ethics, education, and professional excellence within the global investment community, and is the foremost authority on investment profession conduct and practice. Each book in the CFA Institute Investment Series is geared toward industry practitioners along with graduate-level finance students and covers the most important topics in the industry. The authors of these cutting-edge books are themselves industry professionals and academics and bring their wealth of knowledge and expertise to this series. MANAGING INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS WORKBOOK A DYNAMIC PROCESS Third Edition John L. Maginn, CFA Donald L. Tuttle, CFA Dennis W. McLeavey, CFA Jerald E. Pinto, CFA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright c 2007 by CFA Institute. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced...
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...Theories of Marketing Week 1 – lecture 1 History of marketing 1. Production : supplying markets 2. Selling: convince people that what the organization happen to have is what they need. 3. marketing : let’s ask people what they want and then produce it. What can I make that will serve my customers better? It needs to be something relevant, innovative or unique MKG definition it’s all about sales and market share : it doesn’t say anything about relationship NOW : how can I create value so I will be able to sale more, it’s the only way to survive. To stay alive you need to have a lot of capabilities and tools to survive What is marketing? Marketing includes more than just needs, it’s concerned with providing the right product to the right person at the right moment. That way it creates value. This way it also incorporates innovation. Functions & processes/activities are the things we do to deliver customer value. These can be strategic and tactical. History of marketing thought - philosophy * Production orientation, huge production lines trying to find bigger markets. Its all about efficient distribution. Demand is huge, supply was very small, they didn’t care about colour for example. Marketing was all about getting your product efficiently to the consumer. Marketing is a very contextual science, how do we deal with circumstances, and how do we become successful in these circumstances. * Selling orientation, extra activities...
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... How should investors, given their preferences, invest their money? (normative) What can we say about how the market and (how its participants) actually operates (and invest)? (descriptive) Both revolve around the risk/return relationship and interact: information about how markets work influences investment decisions, which influences the market in its turn. The amount matters (mean and variance) and the relation with other factors (covariance) matters. , x = return distribution (magnitude), p = price, E = expectation (which captures and combines the probability that different outcomes can/will happen) and m = SDF and captures the relation with other factors and the reward required to bear the risk inherent in x (it indicates how much (marginal) utility the outcome has, which captures the role of when we like the payoff more, the conditions matter; it captures the premium needed for this specific risk). The SDF can be derived from the utility function, this gives: . The problem with this is determining marginal utility. In many cases, the SDF is a linear function of a factor (CAPM): That factor f captures when returns in situation A may be more pleasant than the same returns in situation B. Portfolio theory (Risk & return: theory – empirics) Uses assumption A1 and A2, and more: Investors: A3. Agents maximize utility, and do so for 1 period. (Rationality: agents are capable to find the very best solution for their problem, and are willing to do so)...
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...Woko k rb o: Sm lQuso s n ap e et n ad i Eece xrss i September 2012 Level I Workbook: Sample Questions and Exercises Preface.......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Sample Exam Questions ............................................................................................................................. 2 Exercises ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Errata Sheet................................................................................................................................................. 2 The Level II Examination and Completion of the Program ................................................................... 3 Topic 1: Professional Standards and Ethics ......................................................................................... 4 Topic 2: Introduction to Alternative Investments................................................................................ 6 Topic 3: Real Assets .............................................................................................................................. 20 Topic 4: Hedge Funds ........................................................................................................................... 29 Topic 5: Commodities ...............................
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...the a priori arguments and the capital market evidence bearing on the importance of investor psychology for security prices, and reviews recent models. The best plan is . . . to profit by the folly of others. — Pliny the Elder, from John Bartlett, comp. Familiar Quotations, 9th ed. 1901. IN THE MUDDLED DAYS BEFORE THE RISE of modern finance, some otherwisereputable economists, such as Adam Smith, Irving Fisher, John Maynard Keynes, and Harry Markowitz, thought that individual psychology affects prices.1 What if the creators of asset-pricing theory had followed this thread? Picture a school of sociologists at the University of Chicago proposing the Deficient Markets Hypothesis: that prices inaccurately ref lect all available information. A brilliant Stanford psychologist, call him Bill Blunte, invents the Deranged Anticipation and Perception Model ~or DAPM!, in which proxies for market misvaluation are used to predict security returns. Imagine the euphoria when researchers discovered that these mispricing proxies ~such * Hirshleifer is from the Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University. This survey was written for presentation at the American Finance Association Annual Meetings in New Orleans, January, 2001. I especially thank the editor, George Constantinides, for valuable comments and suggestions. I also thank Franklin Allen, the discussant, Nicholas Barberis, Robert Bloomfield,...
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...Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales Ann´e 2007 e Num´ro attribu´ par la biblioth`que e e e ———————————— Essais en Finance d’Entreprise THESE POUR LE DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES DE L’ECOLE DES HAUTES ETUDES EN SCIENCES SOCIALES Pr´sent´e et soutenue publiquement par e e David SRAER le 29 Juin 2007 Directeur de th`se e M. Jean Tirole Directeur d’Etudes ` l’E.H.E.S.S. a JURY M. Denis Gromb, Mme. Ulrike Malmendier , M. Brunos Biais, M. Jacques Cr´mer, e Professeur, London Business School (Rapporteur) Assistant Professeur, Universit´ de Californie, Berkeley (Rapporteur) e Directeur de Recherche au C.N.R.S., Universit´ de Toulouse 1 e Directeur de Recherche au C.N.R.S., Universit´ de Toulouse 1 e Remerciements J’ai ` l’´gard de Jean Tirole un dette incommensurable : pour l’accueil chaleureux dont il m’a fait b´n´ficier ` a e e e a chacune de mes venues ` Toulouse, pour l’incroyable richesse des discussions que nous avons pu avoir tout au long a du d´veloppement de cette th`se, pour le soutien qu’il m’a toujours apport´ et pour l’extraordinaire qualit´ de ses e e e e conseils scientifiques, je luis suis infiniment gr´. e David Thesmar m’a fait d´couvrir ce qu’´tait r´ellement la recherche en ´conomie et surtout, a su m’ouvrir les e e e e yeux sur ce qu’´tait la bonne recherche en ´conomie. Sans lui, et ` de tr`s nombreux ´gards, cette th`se n’existerait e e a e e e pas. Sa cr´ativit´, son enthousiasme, sa curiosit´ tout comme son amiti´ ont ´t´...
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...Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2 Suggested Solutions to Questions and Problems 1. P.V. Ltd. Income Statement for Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 286.36) $28.64 P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash $315.00 Shareholders’ Equity Opening balance Net income Capital Asset Present value 0.00 $315.00 $315.00 $286.36 28.64 Note that cash includes interest at 10% on opening cash balance of $150. 2. Suppose that P.V. Ltd. paid a dividend of $10 at the end of year 1 (any portion of year 1 net income would do). Then, its year 2 opening net assets are $276.36, and net income would be: P.V. Ltd. Income Statement For Year 2 Accretion of discount (10% × 276.36) $27.64 Copyright © 2012 Pearson Canada Inc 11 Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual P.V.’s balance sheet at time 2 would be: P.V. Ltd. Balance Sheet As at Time 2 Financial Asset Cash: (140 + 14 + 150) $304.00 Chapter 2 Shareholders’ Equity Opening balance: $276.36 (286.36 - 10.00 dividend) Capital Asset, at Present value 0.00 $304.00 $304.00 Net income 27.64 Thus, at time 2 the shareholders have: Cash from dividend Interest at 10% on cash dividend, for year 2 Value of firm per balance sheet $10.00 1.00 304.00 $315.00 This is the same value as that of the firm at time 2, assuming P.V. Ltd. paid no dividends (see Question 1). Consequently, the firm’s dividend policy does not matter to the shareholders...
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