...1 Session 4 Audit Planning; Materiality and the audit risk model Auditing: Principles and Methods 2 After studying this session you should be able to: 1. Discuss why adequate audit planning is essential 2. Make client acceptance decisions and perform initial audit planning 3. Gain an understanding of the client’s business and industry 4. Assess client business risk 5. Perform preliminary analytical procedures 6. Apply the concept of materiality to the audit 7. Define risk in auditing and the audit risk model Auditing: Principles and Methods 3 8. Consider the impact of engagement risk on acceptable audit risk 9. Discuss the relationship of risks to audit evidence 10. Answer the Review Questions Auditing: Principles and Methods 1. Audit Planning 4 Why is adequate audit planning essential? “The auditor must adequately plan the work and must properly supervise any assistants”. There are three main reasons why the auditor should properly plan engagements: to enable himself to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence, to keep audit cost reasonable and to avoid misunderstanding with the client. Auditing: Principles and Methods 1. Audit Planning 5 An important part of audit planning is assessing acceptable audit risk and inherent risk because it helps determine the amount of evidence that will need to be accumulated and staff assigned to the engagement. Acceptable audit risk is a measure of how willing the auditor is to accept that the FSs...
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...Audit Process Letter Laura Sferra ACC/546 November 23, 2015 Allen Foster Mrs. Susan Right Senior Partner Anderson, Olds, and Watershed 1 Shoe Street New York, NY. 90001 Dear Mrs. Right, Mr. Lancaster, President of Apollo Shoes, has expressed his satisfaction with the services that our firm offers and would like to continue with a full audit. Because our client does not want our firm to talk to the predecessor auditor, I recommend accepting a prospective engagement after I perform an investigation by gathering information about our client's reputation and background. Client acceptance and continuance procedures are the foundation of the risk assessment process (SAS No. 8). Upon acceptance of our client, I am confident that we will be able to move forward under the AICPA auditing standards to determine that the financial reporting framework is appropriate. My objective is to plan the audit so that it is conducted efficiently and effectively, in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards. I will take into consideration the preliminary planning activities such as the client acceptance, ethical position of our audit firm and our understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to develop an effective and efficient overall audit strategy that will appropriately respond to assessed risks. Our engagement letter, will include the timetable of fieldwork, the scope and duration of...
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...Planning the Audit Process I wanted to let you know that Apollo Shoes is satisfied with our services and wants to continue with a full audit. Therefore I wanted to explain to you how I plan to conduct the audit. I will begin with an explanation of the objectives, responsibilities and strategies for completing the audit. This will be followed by explanations on how analytical procedures will be used to plan, conduct and complete the audit, how materiality and risk will be consider in designing the audit and how technology will be incorporated into the audit. The objective in conducting an audit are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether Apollo Shoe’s financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; allowing us to express an opinion that the financial statements are presented fairly, and in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework. (Arens, J., & & Beasley, 2014) We have a responsibility to conduct this audit in accordance with established standards. These standards indicate that we should have a high, but not absolute, level of assurance that Apollo Shoe’s financial statements are free of material misstatements. However, it is possible that even when we conduct their audit in accordance with standards, we may fail to detect a material misstatement. Therefore, we have a responsibility to work to overcome judgment biases and to continually remind ourselves of the importance of maintaining appropriate...
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...Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Business School of Accountancy AYN411 Audit & Assurance – Semester 1, 2013 Final Exam Revision Questions Additional Resources AYN411 Audit & Assurance – Semester 1, 2013 Final Exam Revision Questions Additional Resources Final Exam Revision QUESTION 1 – Audit Planning a. The Auditing Standard ASA 300 ‘Planning an Audit of a Financial Report’ states that the auditor needs to plan the audit so it will be performed in an effective way, by establishing the overall audit strategy for the audit and developing the overall audit plan. Required: List four benefits to the auditor in properly planning an audit engagement. L3 (slide 28) Properly planning an audit engagement helps the auditor to: * Devote appropriate attention to important areas of the audit * Identify and resolve potential problems on a timely basis * Properly organise and manage the audit engagement efficiently * Select an engagement team with appropriate expertise * Facilitate supervision of the engagement team members (inc. review of work) * Co-ordinate work done by auditors and experts * Render the correct audit report b. The following is a list of four activities carried out by the auditor during the planning phase of the audit. Planning Procedure 1. Client acceptance/continuance decision 2. Obtain an understanding of the entity and it’s environment 3. Assess client business risk 4....
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...thanked to him, that he gives us this case as an assignment, which will help us in future. Because of, this case is based on the practical experience from ‘real world’ situation that is applicable to all business organization. It is making us familiar with real experience. We now know what kind of fraud is taking place in organization, how we can prevent them, how we improve breakdowns, what kind of process should an auditor follows to discover fraud, all of this will help us further carrier as an auditor Dhaka April 2011. Neaz Executive Summary An audit is an examination of a company’s financial statements prepared by the directors of the company. Its purpose is to give the company’s owners an independent, professional and informed opinion stating. Assurance services are a class of services provided by certified public accountants (CPAs) in public practice. While the term is sometimes used inconsistently among individual CPA firms, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Special Committee on...
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...– Yes/No | Description of To Do | | Other Notes | Planning | | 6 | Yes | GA-1 | No | 2. Draft Engagement Letter using the sample letter from the previous auditors in Blackboard. You will need to type this in word from scratch. You will need to make appropriate changes as needed and as discussed in class. | | | Planning | | 6 | Yes | GA-2 | No | 3.Draft short staffing requirements memo | | | Planning | | 37 | Yes | Varies | Yes | Note you do not need to search for audit programs – Refer to Blackboard for Audit Program Templates that are included with each audit area. You will need to reference and sign off each audit step as required (note that all audit steps provided in the audit program may not be needed.) | | | Planning | | 38 | Yes | GA-3 | Yes | Draft workpaper for the notes and information obtained from the 2011/2012 minutes (as discussed in class) | | | Planning | | 42 | Yes | A-1, A-2 etc | Yes | Trial Balance numbers for 2011 and 2010 9pages 43-44 are already input into the excel worksheets to use as a trial balance template | | | Planning | | 45 | Yes | A-1,A-2 etc | Yes | Use excel trial balance worksheets to calculate analytics as we demonstrated in class. You must complete items 1a and b. Financial Statement and changes and financial ratios Also, we completed item 2 - using items {a}–{j} but not in memo form – so you will need to include this info also | | | Planning | | 45 | No | N/A | N/A | 1c – You will not need to compare...
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...Chap 1 1.23 Which of the following would be considered an assurance engagement? a. Giving an opinion on a prize promoter’s claims about the amount of sweepstakes prizes awarded in the past. b. Giving an opinion on the conformity of the financial statements of a university with generally accepted accounting principles. c. Giving an opinion on the fair presentation of a newspaper’s circulation data. d. Giving assurance about the average drive length achieved by golfers with a client’s golf balls. e. All of the above. 1.24 It is always a good idea for auditors to begin an audit with the professional skepticism characterized by the assumption that a. A potential conflict of interest always exists between the auditor and the management of the enterprise under audit. b. In audits of financial statements, the auditor acts exclusively in the capacity of an auditor. c. The professional status of the independent auditor imposes commensurate professional obligations. d. Financial statements and financial data are verifiable. 1.25 In an attestation engagement, a CPA practitioner is engaged to a. Compile a company’s financial forecast based on management’s assumptions without expressing any form of assurance. b. Prepare a written report containing a conclusion about the reliability of a management assertion. c. Prepare a tax return using information the CPA has not audited or reviewed. d. Give expert testimony in...
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...risk-based audit, adequate planning is of paramount importance as it allows to direct the audit effort towards the areas expected to be most at risk of material misstatement. Additionally, adequate planning helps identify and resolve problems on a timely basis and allows the auditor to organize the engagement, including selecting suitably experienced team members to deal with specific risks, so that it can be performed in an effective and efficient manner. ISA 300 in particular requires setting out an overall audit strategy and a detailed audit plan. The overall audit strategy should indicate the scope of the work, the resources to be allocated to specific high-risk areas in terms of experienced staff or hours and the timing of the work. A more detailed audit plan follows on from the approach identified in the audit strategy and indicates the audit procedures to be performed in respect of specific items in the financial statements and their timing. The audit strategy and the audit plan are not necessarily separate documents or processes as they are strictly interrelated. For example the results of initial risk assessment procedures, like the entity’s business risk assessment or the assessment of internal control, will inform the planning for further audit procedures and, vice versa, the outcome of detailed audit procedures may be so different from what expected at the time of planning to require a modification of the audit strategy and audit plan. As such, the audit strategy and...
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...Complete overview of an Audit Executive summary A financial audit refers to the verification of the financial statements of a company by an audit firm in order to express a professional opinion regarding their credibility. This process begins when a client approaches the auditor if deemed reputable the auditor accepts he begins by planning how to carry out the audit. This is done by assessing several factors such as risk, materiality etc. and then obtaining feedback in order to draw up the audit plan. At this point an audit team is assembled based on the audit strategy who visit the clients premise to carry out the procedures agreed upon in the planning stage through practical work or field work. Once enough evidence is accumulated to support the auditor’s opinion a draft audit report is drawn up. The client is contacted after this and feedback is obtained to make final necessary adjustments. Once finished the final audit report is issued which expresses the auditors professional opinion and recommendations, depending on the issues at hand a follow-up review may be carried out afterwards to see clients progress in adopting the suggested changes thus concluding the audit process. Table of Contents Particulars | Page # | Introduction | 3 | Stage 1: Planning | 3 | Step 1: Notification/Engagement Letter | 4 | Step 2: Audit Strategy | 4 | Step 3: Initial Meeting | 4 | Step 4: Planning Analytical Procedures | 5 | Step 5: Risk, Materiality and Control assessment | 5 | ...
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...AND TECHNIQUES USED TO ENSURE THE INTERNAL AUDIT PERFORMANCE Marian SFETCU Phd. Student, Faculty of Economics Sciences and Business Administration of „Babeș - Bolyai” University of Cluj Napoca.E-mail: marian_sfetcu@yahoo.com. Tel: 0720 760 220 Abstract: This approach shows a research on the usage of managemental methods on the internal audit activity through qualitative and quantitative indicators of performance assurance. Balanced Scorecard, the management method and tool, referred to the Dashboard, contributes to the internal audit performance through resource planning, setting objectives and scope of the audit, communication and approval, following the recommendations, deferring to the code of ethics and how to achieve the objectives. The listed indicators, are components of the proposed management methods and tools, and they define efficency, effectiveness, economy and quality, all elements of the internal audit performance. Keywords: methods and techniques, audit, corporate governance, internal control system, performance indicators, Balanced Scorecard, Dashboard. JEL: M 42 1. INTRODUCTION The importance of using the management methods and techniques concerning the internal audit, is given by providing a new approach to this problem, which highlights the need to ensure the performance by applying new methods and techniques, based on scientific management. This approach was born from the need to adapt the internal audit to the new demands of the economical, social...
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...Auditing Standards Ethical Standards Ethical Standards (FRS, 2010) is issued by Auditing Practices Board. Its responsibilities are set up standards and guidance for auditing work. According to this standard, APB tries to enhance confidence on auditing process for public. ESs includes five requirements that auditors must adhere to and its primary objective is to give ‘true and fair’ opinions on financial statement. The credibility of audit opinions depends on the integrity, objectivity and independence of the auditor. Accordingly, it requires the quality of audit more stringent, especially the independence of auditors’ assurance. ES2 illustrates the guidance on some particular circumstances, which may generate threats to the independence and objectivity of auditors. ES3 states that senior positions have collaborated with audit engagement for a continuous period should be rotating. ES4 explains that there is no relationship between audit opinion and audit fees or other remuneration. ES5 shows that audit firm should consider whether non-audit service have significant effect on the threats to the auditor’s objectivity or independence. International Standards on Auditing ISA (FRS, 2009) copes with independent auditor’s overall responsibilities when implementing auditing process. These professional standards establish objectives of independent auditors together with explain the scope and nature of auditing process, which is designed to enable auditors to achieve the objectives...
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...JetBlue Audit Paper Name Institution Introduction JetBlue boasts to be a local low-cost airline in the United States having being incorporated back in 1998 with the delivery of services commencing in 2000. The incorporation of the airline occurred in Delaware in August, and many consider it a New York hometown carrier. Jet Blue had an approximately 32 million passengers in the year 2014 and the mean flights in a day were 825. Last year, the carrier number of passengers increased to 35 million with an average of 900 flights in a day. Moreover, it was the fifth largest carrier of travelers in 2015 with around 90 destinations in the USA. Considerably, JetBlue since the commencement of operations accomplished success in a duration of six years (JetBlue , 2016). Nevertheless, the company has various shortcomings in its procedures, and the evaluation of the corporation can provide more insights. JetBlue operating environment In the past years, the cost of fuel has continued to be low, and this has enabled JetBlue to have up surged revenues. The airline is also high with a considerable demand of customers as it has one of the best customer services. JetBlue management has over the years continued to monitor expenditures, and this has led to the success of the carrier. The revenue increment of JetBlue has tom some extent outperformed the airline industry by a mean of 6 %. JetBlue had a debt ratio of approximately 0.48 in 2015, which is at its lowest. Undeniably, this is an...
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...AUDIT PLANNING AND SCOPING CHECKLIST NAME OF ASSIGNMENT | | LOCATION | | ESTIMATED START AND COMPLETION DATES | | ESTIMATED ASSIGNMENT HOURS | | No. | Step | 1. | Obtain all instructions and scoping decisions made during overall audit planning as a means of ensuring that detailed planning will be consistent with such requirements. | 2. | Obtain and consider planning memoranda and related work papers for similar engagements and make best use of these sources during planning. | 3. | Obtain and consider the following for the most recent internal audit of the auditable unit and consider whether any of this material could be updated and re-used: * Previous work papers * Most recent report * Status of management action on all findings | No. | Step | Reference (e.g., to supporting documents) | Done by orN / A | 4. | Determine whether any work needs to be done to verify management’s remedial actions on previous internal audit findings reported as cleared. | | | 5. | Consider the work planned for / already done by the external auditor for this auditable unit (normally this is done through periodic meetings rather than on an individual auditable unit basis) and determine the impact this may have on the nature, timing and extent of the internal audit work now being planned. | | | 6. | Consider any documentation or testing performed by management to discharge their Sarbanes-Oxley responsibilities or as part of a self-assessment process, then consider...
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...auditing process? Briefly describe each one of them. 1. Pre-engagement Activities Pre- engagement activities are the processes of determining risks, choosing the best team for the engaged firm and agreeing on the terms of engagement which includes the engagement letter. 2. Preliminary Planning Preliminary planning is analyzing the internal and external factors that might have an effect on the entity’s financial status. In this step, the chosen audit team gets familiar to the entity’s application systems understands the accounting process. This step, is the start of analytical procedures. 3. Develop Audit Plan Developing an audit plan consists of 5 main steps. First one is assesing the potential error level and risks. Second step is deciding on the audit approach. Third step is controlling; in this step potential errors are tested such as cutoff, valuation, completeness. Tn fourth step, substantive tests are planned. In the last step, all of the steps above are summarized and submitted to the entity. 4. Perform Audit Plan In this process, auditor performs the plans which are made in the previous step. The auditor checks the effectiveness of the audit plan. Then, substantive analytical procedures goes on. The auditor identfies the account balance and errors to be tested. An expectation of the entity’s substances are developped. The properties which requires a further imnvestigation are identified. Briefly, further investigations are planned...
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...c 1.) Which item is not included in the General Principles governing the audit of financial statements? a.The auditor should comply with the relevant ethical requirement. b.The auditor should exercise professional judgment. c.The auditor should conduct an audit in accordance with Philippine Accounting Standards. d.The auditor should plan and perform the audit with an attitude of professional skepticism. d 2.) Which of the following choices is not the reason for conducting an audit? a. Expertise b. Financial Consequences c. Remoteness d. Justification a 3.) The audit function operates within a theoretical framework. Choose the incorrect statement regarding the Theoretical Framework of Auditing. a. There should be long-term conflict between the auditor and the client management. b. The audit operates on the assumption that all financial data are verifiable. c. An audit benefits the public. d. What was held true in the past will continue to hold true in the future in the absence of known conditions to the contrary. a 4.) An auditor only provides reasonable assurance. Which of the following reasons supports such idea? a. Because inherent limitations exist in regards the client's accounting and internal control systems. b. Because auditors assume that most assertions presented by the client management are not verifiable. c. Because most auditors do not follow the Philippine Standards on Auditing. d. All of the above. b 5.) Which one of the...
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