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...CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1Background of the study The role of the Internal Audit traditionally has been limited to expressing Recommendations on financial statements and related issues of legality, regularity and fraud. This involves assessments of whether transactions were properly controlled, whether care was taken in the collection and custody of revenues, whether expenditures were properly incurred and generally, whether the executives’ intentions were being met. However, this approach does not provide information on waste, inefficiency or ineffectiveness. Increased public expenditure, the need for more rational and informed decision making in the use of resources and the growing demand for public accountability of those who manage public resources necessitated a new and expanded scope audit–performance audit.Today, performance audit has become one of the major tasks in most developed and in some developing countries. According to Financial administration proclamation 648/2001 (E.C) article No 7 sub article 1 (a) Internal audits in Ethiopia are already provided with mandates to undertake performance audit in the public bodies. Traditional financial and compliance audits will continue to play an essential part; it is anticipated, however, that there will be a gradual and planned growth of performance audit work. 1.2 Objective of the study 1.2.1 General objective The general objective of this study is to evaluate whether...
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...Global Technology Audit Guide Auditing IT Governance Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG®) 17 Auditing IT Governance July 2012 GTAG — Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. IT Governance Risks................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Aligning the Organization and IT — Key Considerations................................................................ 12 4. The Role of Internal Audit in IT Governance............................................................................ 15 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Authors and Reviewers.............................................................................................................................. 18 Appendix — IT Governance Risk Assessment/Engagement Planning Considerations............................................. 19 iv GTAG — Executive Summary Executive Summary To support the heightened importance of IT governance and the mandatory nature of the International Standards for the Professional...
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...Global Technology Audit Guide Auditing IT Governance Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG®) 17 Auditing IT Governance July 2012 GTAG — Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................ 2 2. IT Governance Risks................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Aligning the Organization and IT — Key Considerations................................................................ 12 4. The Role of Internal Audit in IT Governance............................................................................ 15 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Authors and Reviewers.............................................................................................................................. 18 Appendix — IT Governance Risk Assessment/Engagement Planning Considerations............................................. 19 iv GTAG — Executive Summary Executive Summary To support the heightened importance of IT governance and the mandatory nature of the International Standards...
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...Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India. Fo ISBN 81-7881-995-3 Ref. No. PMCS/A 01 2K6 31 For any clarification regarding this book, the students may please write to ICFAI giving the above reference number, and page number. While every possible care has been taken in preparing this book, ICFAI welcomes suggestions from students for improvement in future editions. rI B S U se O nl y C la s s of 20 09 Contents PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction to Management Control Systems Approaches to Management Control Systems Designing Management Control Systems Key Success Variables as Control Indicators Organizing for Adaptive Control Autonomy and Responsibility Transfer Pricing 3 15 28 42 57...
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...New South Wales Auditor-General’s Report | Performance Audit | WestConnex: Assurance to the Government Professional people with purpose Making the people of New South Wales proud of the work we do. Level 15, 1 Margaret Street Sydney NSW 2000 Australia t +61 2 9275 7100 f +61 2 9275 7200 e mail@audit.nsw.gov.au office hours 8.30 am–5.00 pm 247 audit.nsw.gov.au New South Wales Auditor-General’s Report Performance Audit WestConnex: Assurance to the Government Roads and Maritime Services WestConnex Delivery Authority Infrastructure NSW Transport for NSW NSW Treasury Department of Premier and Cabinet The role of the Auditor-General GPO Box 12 Sydney NSW 2001 The roles and responsibilities of the AuditorGeneral, and hence the Audit Office, are set out in the Public Finance and Audit Act 1983. Our major responsibility is to conduct financial or ‘attest’ audits of State public sector agencies’ financial statements. We also audit the Total State Sector Accounts, a consolidation of all agencies’ accounts. Financial audits are designed to add credibility to financial statements, enhancing their value to end-users. Also, the existence of such audits provides a constant stimulus to agencies to ensure sound financial management. Following a financial audit the Audit Office issues a variety of reports to agencies and reports periodically to parliament. In combination these reports give opinions on the truth and fairness of financial statements...
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...Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise – without prior permission in writing from Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India. Fo ISBN 81-7881-995-3 Ref. No. PMCS/A 01 2K6 31 For any clarification regarding this book, the students may please write to ICFAI giving the above reference number, and page number. While every possible care has been taken in preparing this book, ICFAI welcomes suggestions from students for improvement in future editions. rI B S U se O nl y C la s s of 20 09 Contents PART I: AN OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction to Management Control Systems Approaches to Management Control Systems Designing Management Control Systems Key Success Variables as Control Indicators Organizing for Adaptive Control Autonomy and Responsibility Transfer Pricing 3 15 28 42 57...
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...STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES A User Guide for Public Sector Auditors in the Pacific Developed by PASAI in 2012 Pacific Association of Supreme Audit Institutions (PASAI): Strategic Management and Operational Guidelines Pacific Association of Supreme Audit Institutions (PASAI) 2 Pacific Association of Supreme Audit Institutions (PASAI): Strategic Management and Operational Guidelines Foreword The purpose of these guidelines is to provide assistance for Pacific Association of Supreme Audit Institutions (PASAI) members, especially heads of SAIs and managers to carry out their functions strategically, tactically and operationally. They do this by introducing the basics of planning, examining the types of objectives and differentiating the types of plans consisting of the corporate plan, strategic plan, business plan and operational plan for the management of their offices. PASAI recognises the importance of having these strategic management plans as it is top level management’s responsibility to define the SAI’s positions, formulate strategies and guide long term organisational activities. This is one of PASAI’s initiatives aimed at developing SAIs within the region. The guidelines have been produced to assist PASAI members in the effective, efficient and economic planning and management of their resources annually and in the long term. It provides guidance to SAIs in establishing and enhancing their strategic management functions. The guidelines...
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...cga-canada.org © CGA-Canada, 2013 All rights reserved. These materials or parts thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner without the prior written permission of the Certified General Accountants Association of Canada. Printed in Canada ISBN for an individual volume: 978-1-55219-599-4 About CGA-CANADA _________________________________________ CGA-Canada today The CGA designation focuses on integrity, ethics, and the highest education requirements. Recognized as the country’s accounting business leaders, CGAs provide strategic counsel, financial leadership, and overall direction to all sectors of the Canadian economy. The Certified General Accountants Association of Canada — CGA-Canada — sets standards, develops education programs, publishes professional materials, advocates on public policy issues, and represents CGAs nationally and internationally. The Association represents 75,000 CGAs and students in Canada, Bermuda, the Caribbean, Hong Kong, and China. Mission CGA-Canada advances the interests of its members and the public through national and international representation and the establishment of professional standards, practices, and services. A proud history CGA-Canada was founded in Montréal in 1908 under the leadership of John Leslie, vicepresident of the Canadian Pacific Railway. From the beginning, its objective was to encourage improvement in skills and job performance — a goal the Association holds to this day. On April 14, 1913, Canada’s Parliament...
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...Contents INTRODUCTION 1 TASK 1 1 TASK 2 1 2.1. ORGANIZATIONAL AUDIT INCLUDING A SWOT ANALYSIS 2 SWOT ANALYSIS OF EXPEDIA 3 2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT WITH REFERENCE TO PORTERS FIVE FORCE MODEL 4 2.3 NEED OF STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE 5 TASK 3: APPROACHES TO STRATEGY EVALUATION AND SELECTION 6 TASK 4 8 1. Who are responsible for the implementation of effective strategy and define their roles 8 2. What resource requirements are needed for the implementation of effective strategy 9 3. Target and timescales required to be monitored and achieved 9 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 10 INTRODUCTION A strategic planning is very important for the success of any organization. It includes vision, mission and creative thinking. In other words, strategic planning provides a positive direction and also draws the measurable goals. In this report we will discuss about the strategic planning process and its role in the success of an organization. After the detailed examination of strategic context, the problematic sections involved in strategic planning are discussed. Finally, the different types of planning techniques in the context of Vodafone have been discussed. (Olsen,2011) TASK 1 PPT attached TASK 2 Vodafone is the world’s second largest telecommunication company which was founded in the year 1991. The company has more than 400 million customers round the globe with its operations extended in around 30 countries. It also provides telecommunications...
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...Project Title: HR Audit INDEX SR NO. | TOPIC | PAGE NO. | 1 | Acknowledgement | 3 | 2 | Executive Summary | 4 | 3 | Introduction to HR Audit | 6 | 4 | Qualitative & Quantitative Indicators for HR Audit | 8 | 5 | Types of Audit | 13 | 6 | HR Audit Process | 17 | 7 | Human Resource Management v/s Performance | 21 | 8 | Approaches to Human Resources Audit | 25 | 9 | HR Audit Tools | 30 | 10 | Checklist for HR Audit | 33 | 11 | Audit Report | 35 | 12 | Audit of HR Results | 36 | 13 | HR Audit in India | 37 | 14 | Conclusion | 40 | 15 | Bibliography | 49 | s ACKNOWLEDGEMENT “For any successful work, it owes its thanks to many” Presentation of this project gives us the feeling of fulfillment. It has taken an exhaustive effort in preparing this project. It took several hours, several days, and several meetings amongst us to make this project work up to its expectations. The faculty members of our college have provided us with great source of inspiration and have provided great help in pursuing this project. Many individuals have contributed in preparation of his project. We take this opportunity to thank few people without whom this project would not have been possible. We would like to thank our faculties for their kind support. Our sincere thanks go to our project guide Prof.Anjali Saida, who helped us through many aspects and whose friendly guidance on many issues helped us for the betterment of our project. Without her support...
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...Additional readings posted on course web site (BB) (http://courses.utexas.edu) Course Objectives Some of a firm’s most valuable assets are the brands that it has invested in and developed over time. Although manufacturing processes can often be duplicated, strongly held beliefs and attitudes established in consumers’ minds cannot. This course provides students with insights into the creation of profitable brand strategies. It addresses three important questions: (1) How do you build brand equity?; (2) How can brand equity be measured?; and (3) How do you capitalize on brand equity to expand your business? Its basic objectives are to provide an understanding of: (1) Important issues in planning and evaluating brand strategies; and (2) Appropriate concepts and techniques to improve the long-term profitability of brand strategies. The course focuses on the application of concepts and enhanced performance through team work. Class sessions will include class discussion, team exercises, some lectures, guest speakers and student presentations of brand audit projects. The course content has relevance to students pursuing a variety of different career goals (marketing, consulting, entrepreneurship, etc.) in virtually any type of...
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...1. A strategy indicates the general direction in which a firm plans to move to attain its goals. The strategies of any business organization, whether purely domestic or multinational, are determined by matching two key ingredients: core competencies and available opportunities. Internal factors relate to the identification of core competencies of a firm focusing on strengths and weaknesses with regard to the expertise available within the firm in the areas of technology, manufacturing, distribution, and logistics. 2. A strategy indicates the general direction in which a firm plans to move to attain its goals. The strategies of any business organization, whether purely domestic or multinational, are determined by matching two key ingredients: core competencies and available opportunities. The external factors relate to the identification of the opportunities available to the firm, the second key ingredient in formulating strategy. Identification of opportunities also includes the threats facing the firm in the areas of competitors, customers, suppliers, regulatory bodies, as well as socio-political circumstances. 3. Accounting provides the skills necessary to quantify in financial terms the factors that influence strategy formulation -- strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats --, and to develop projections of costs and benefits as financial expressions of strategy. Capital budgets are a prime example of the contribution accounting makes in strategy formulation...
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...4. Manage the long-term or short-term environmental impact of products service and processes for organizations. 5. Continual improvement is emphasis. EMS Model Plan Act Do Check Step 1: plan (planning) Definition: planning is a way of establish objectives and processes requirement. In order to implement ISO 14001, the first step is suggestion, to help to classify all the current or future operation elements. It includes environmental aspects, compliance, objectives and targets, environmental management programs (EMP). Business firms should plan for environmental protection. They need to plan their current operation or even future operation. The plans should contain different environmental aspects, such as energy, raw material, and source of supplies. In Brazil, many firms are planning deforestation reduction policy and environmental protection strategies. Base on the planning of environmental protection, many companies make strategies and action to protect nature and original forest, such as cattle ranching companies, logging...
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...Section 5 Audit Process: Audit Planning To Fieldwork Section 5 documents how the Office of the City Auditor complies with standards related to reasonable assurance, significance, audit risk, and planning. This section provides guidance on the how to apply those standards in conducting audits based on the Citywide Risk Assessment model or requested audits. Specifically, this section will cover the initial planning phase of the audit (preliminary survey) that begins with start the audit, preliminary survey and risk assessment, and development of the audit program. The purpose of audit planning process is to generate information and ideas to better understand the audit subject, determine the audit objective, and to develop the audit field work program. Planning also involves estimating the time and resources necessary to complete the audit. The evidence gathered in background research and later fieldwork is documented in the working papers. Key outputs of audit planning include an audit background memorandum; audit scope statement; risk and vulnerability assessment document; and field work audit program. AUDIT PLANNING PROCESS The audit planning process can be divided into the following three phases: 1) starting the project, 2) preliminary survey (planning the audit and conducting risk assessment), and 3) developing the audit program. These steps are followed by fieldwork and reporting. Details of each of the steps are noted below. Audit Start City Auditor assigns staff to audit. City...
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