...experimentation in Nazi concentration camps suffered cruel and immoral treatment. The series of medical experiments took place in the early 1940’s; during WWII and the Holocaust. In these experiments patients suffered indescribable pain. Typically the experiments resulted in death, trauma, disfiguration and permanent disability. There was as, many as thirty different kinds of tests including: the freezing, the high altitude and the hemorrhage experiments. The Nazi physicians did not care about the patients undergoing tests, they only cared about getting new information to improve the German military. Consent was never given for any of the patients, all patients were forced into doing the inhumane tests created by the Nazis’s....
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...to insubordination. Medical experiments on the prisoners also resulted in death. Dr. Mengele, the man who had done taboo medical experiments on prisoners. This is the life of Josef Mengele from his life as a young individual, to becoming a very well known “doctor”, to becoming a wanted victim. This is the Angel of Death. Born on March 16, 1911 in Gunzburg , Josef Mengele was the oldest son of Karl Mengele. He lived in an upper middle class family which ran a machine tool business. His family was described as a “Strict Catholic” family. His peers in the town he lived in would describe Mengele as an intelligent and popular person. “A young person with intelligence but more or less ordinary” were the words of description from a close relative. From a very young age Josef Mengele was interested in the racial theories of Alfred Rosenberp, a philosopher of National Socialism. In 1935 Mengele graduated from the University of Munich with a Ph. D in physical anthropology. After graduating he got into believing racism towards Jews. Two years later he became an assistant of Dr. Omar Von Verschuer who was most and commonly known for researching twins. He then served as a medical officer in the beginning of World War II with the invasion of the Soviet Union, he redeemed four medals for his actions. That same year he joined the Nazi Party. Mengele was then transferred to Auschwitz in which he was most closely with selection duty than any other medical officer in Auschwitz. When Josef Mengele...
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...happened during World War II. One of the main concentration camps was Auschwitz this is the largest of the Nazi death camps, the camps address is Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, 32-603 Gmina Oświęcim, Poland. Auschwitz was located approximately 37 miles west of Krakow, near the prewar German-Polish border in Upper Silesia, it’s an area that Nazi Germany took control of, in 1939 after invading and conquering Poland. Of the camps of Auschwitz there were three camps. The first was just the main Auschwitz, the second was Auschwitz-Birkenau and the third was Auschwitz-Monowitz .In these camps they killed 1.1 million people and most of them were Jews. These camps symbolize death in the eyes of millions of people. It was on the five death camps the most streamlined mass killings ever. Auschwitz I or the main camp housed the prisoners, the cite of medical experimentations, the cite of Block 11, which was a place of severe torture, and the Black Wall the place of execution. These people were sent here from other camps around Europe just to be executed, just because of who they were born to be. In September, the SS first tested Zyklon B as an instrument of mass murder. They were tortured and treated like slaves because of being Jewish or Polish or Roma. Anybody who was not of the Aryan race was not acceptable to be German because of the conception of one man telling them they were a disgrace. Auschwitz-Birkenau camp had the largest total prisoner population. It was divided...
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...The Twins were subjected to cruel experiments. (Rosenburg) Mengele believed that he had an almighty right given to him and that he was above everyone's opinion and punishment. Just like the Nazi government he worked for he believed that he was working for the greater good of the superior Aryan race “The Government has no control of the experiments I do” (Josef Mengle).. His experiments were carried out without any thought to the well being of his patients. The twins never gave any kind of consent to be treated this way and they were never informed of what was going to be done to them. (Nazi Medical Experiments) The doctors of the Nazi Party deserved to be punished severely Some of the doctors of the Third Reich were arrested and tried for their crimes. (Rawlinson) When they were asked if it was them who signed the documents to authorize the medical experiments they did not deny that they had signed them, but many refused to take responsibility for their actions saying that they were only following...
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...What Was Auschwitz? Built by the Nazis as both a concentration and death camp, Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi's camps and the most streamlined mass killing center ever created. It was at Auschwitz that 1.1 million people were murdered, mostly Jews. Auschwitz has become a symbol of death, the Holocaust, and the destruction of European Jewry. Dates: May 1940 -- January 27, 1945 Camp Commandants: Rudolf Höss, Arthur Liebehenschel, Richard Baer Auschwitz Established On April 27, 1940, Heinrich Himmler ordered the construction of a new camp near Oswiecim, Poland (about 37 miles or 60 km west of Krakow). The Auschwitz Concentration Camp ("Auschwitz" is the German spelling of "Oswiecim") quickly became the largest Nazi concentration and death camp. By the time of its liberation, Auschwitz had grown to include three large camps and 45 sub-camps. Auschwitz I (or "the Main Camp") was the original camp. This camp housed prisoners, was the location of medical experiments, and the site of Block 11 (a place of severe torture) and the Black Wall (a place of execution). At the entrance of Auschwitz I stood the infamous sign that stated "Arbeit Macht Frei" ("work makes one free"). Auschwitz I also housed the Nazi staff that ran the entire camp complex. Auschwitz II (or "Birkenau") was completed in early 1942. Birkenau was built approximately 1.9 miles (3 km) away from Auschwitz I and was the real killing center of the Auschwitz death camp. It was in Birkenau where the dreaded selections...
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...Unethical medical business research has occurred throughout time, and is particularly punctuated by the experiments conducted by at least 23 Nazi physicians on Jews, political prisoners, and the physically and mentally handicapped during World War II. Unethical medical procedures were performed without the knowledge, consent, or protection of the subjects (University of Phoenix, 2011, Week One Reading). Advancement in medicine requires testing on humans and animals; however, medical research is considered unethical if the testing is performed against the will of the subjects. During World War II, Nazi doctors performed up to 30 different experiments on concentration camp prisoners that caused the victims intense pain, mutilation, permanent disability, and at worst, death (Tyson, 2000). Many of the experiments were conducted to improve the performance of the German military personnel, to multiply the Aryan race, and to develop vaccines for diseases. Some of the experiments included studying the effects of high altitude on the brain, monitoring bodily reactions to freezing temperatures, infecting victims with bacteria or gas gangrene in inflicted battlefield-type wounds, and injecting poisons. Others included amputation to attempt bone, muscle, and joint transplantation, sterilization, and artificial insemination (Tyson, 2000). The sum of concentration camp victims of the experiments by the Nazi scientists is unknown. The doctors performed the horrific experiments on male...
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...period went down in history. Rudolf Hoss, estimated during the Nuremberg Trial that nearly three million people died while being held hostage in death camps. Also, ninety percent of the ones killed were known as Jews. In death camps the people who were known as “different” suffered from cruel treatment, harsh environment and immoral medical experiments. Well, we all know Hitler had millions of people killed in death camps. It seemed, due to the history that Hitler was a racist man. Hitler disliked any other race that were not considered his race. “That if they eliminated the people who stood in their way and the degenerates and racially inferior, they-the great Germans would prosper” (Schwartz). So, Hitler wanted to kill a lot of...
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...19 March 2012 Life during the Holocaust: Life in the ghettos, Dr. Mengele’s medical care, and food in the camps Genocide during WWII was unbelievably cruel and awful. The Holocaust was sure to be remembered from this time period and have permanently engraved horrible memories into those who survived. During the Holocaust many victims suffered while living in the ghettos, soon to reach the camps they also suffered there as well. The encounters with Dr. Mengele were unbearable too. Elie Wiesel’s memoir Night is very important especially the fact that it accurately describes what really happened during the Holocaust. One of these many reasons is that Wiesel was an actual survivor of the Holocaust. His descriptions of his experiences in the ghettos, encounters with Dr. Mengele and his trouble with small amounts of food in the camp greatly make us only able to imagine what he went through. Elie Wiesel in his memoir Night, along with other victims of the Holocaust was faced with many obstacles while living in the ghettos, encounters with Dr. Mengele and forced labor. Living in the ghettos was the first step in being dehumanized. Elie Wiesel describes these experiences in his memoir Night. One example of these experiences that were described by Elie was that decrees were to be made in the Jewish ghettos. “We were no longer allowed to go into restaurants or cafes, attend the synagogue and must be in at sic o’ clock.”(Wiesel 9). These are for the Jews in the ghettos prior to full...
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...the Angel of Death. While the Holocaust was happening, a tragic moment between the Nazi's and Jews, a Man so cruel yet insecure was put to these insane tasks. It was not a choice, its life or death situation. How did the nickname "Angel of Death" came about? The way he earned his nickname "Angel of Death" or also know as "White Angel", was being assigned to a terrible task. The way things would work is that when Jews or Romans (Gypsy's) have a baby his job was to kill the poor baby on the spot. Josef was Head Chief as a Physician in Germany. Another words, he would kill inmates slowly by ending their pain from suffering...
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...Losses of family members, separation of bonds, and total solitude can affect teens and kids dramatically, especially if they love their parents more than anything else in the world. “The Lebensborn program, devised by SS head Heinrich Himmler, focused on children who had Nordic features like blue eyes and blond hair. Nazi policy allowed those children to be kidnapped from their parents, then sent to centers where they would be “Germanized””. (Bos, 2016). These kind of children have to face this fate, but they aren’t the only ones having to be isolated from their parents. Irena’s “Uncle Jindra, for example, was sent from Auschwitz to Mauthausen and experienced such cold that his legs had to be amputated. He died as a result.” (Cochrane, 2013). Teens experience loss of their family members and they feel like it’s the day of reckoning (or in this case...
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...Shannon Trubatch Imaginary Worlds Assignment 2 ENG201 Behind the Lens: Photographs of the Holocaust Religion has been found to be, time and time again, a factor that influences the actions taken by many, both kind and cruel, across the globe and throughout history. My mother is a Christian, and I grew up in a household celebrating Christian holidays and attending church on Sundays. My father, however, was raised in Long Island in a Jewish home, where he celebrated Hanukah, had a bar mitzvah, and went to temple. As I grew up, I would learn of the history of the world, but nothing would strike me more than the events of the Holocaust. As I continued to learn and grow older, I would begin to understand the atrocities that took place during this time, half a world a way, and the images and films that I saw in regards to the Holocaust would haunt me most of all. A photo essay, compiled by the English department at the University of Illinois, contains a number of photographs from the Holocaust that demonstrates the atrocities that occurred during this time. These photographs support the argument developed by Susan Sontag that photographers must make the decision between a photograph and a life, and that the viewers of these images also have a responsibility to actions of atrocity and human suffering. In Susan Sontag’s book On Photography, she develops the argument that photography is an act of nonintervention; that the photographer is faced with the choice between capturing...
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...THHS Rachel Kupferberg, Rachel Maschler AP Literature-Band 6 May 1, 2011 Major Works Data Sheet- Night Title: Night Author: Elie Wiesel Date of Publication: 1958 Genre: autobiography, memoir Historical information about period of publication: World War II, and the Holocaust, ended in April 1945 when the liberating Allied armies came through the conquered territories in Nazi Europe. Night describes 16 year old Elie’s loss of faith in God, humanity, family and morality in general. Elie, therefore, vowed to not speak of his experience in Auschwitz, Buna or Buchenwald (or any event between 1943 and 1945, from the beginning of the occupation of Hungary to Germany’s liberation in 1945) for ten years, until he had time to internalize this dramatic loss, and regain his faith and possession of his memory and life. In 1954, after realizing that even less than ten years after the end of the Holocaust, the world was already forgetting and Jews were abandoning their roots, the time had come to testify and justify to the world that Hitler had not succeeded. Biographical Information about the author: Eliezer “Elie” Wiesel was born on September 30, 1928 in Sighet Romania, where his memoir Night begins. In his childhood (up to the Nazi occupation of Romania) his father encouraged his study of the Torah, other Judaic texts and other literary works. As described in the beginning of Night, Elie was also curious about the realm of Kabbalah, Jewish...
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...AP EH CH. 27---THE DEEPENING OF THE EUROPEAN CRISIS: WW II I. PRELUDE TO WAR (1933-1939) ---the efforts at collective security in the 1920s---the League of Nations, the attempts at disarmament, the pacts and the treaties---all proved meaningless in view of the growth of Nazi Germany and its deliberate scrapping of the postwar settlement in the 1930s ---World War II was largely made possible by the failure of Britain and France to oppose strongly flagrant German violations of the Treaty of Versailles A. The Role of Hitler 1. WW II in Europe had its beginnings in the ideas of Adolf Hitler, who believed that only Aryans were capable of building a great civilization 2. Hitler was a firm believer in the doctrine of Lebensraum which stated that a nation’s power depended on the amount and kind of land it occupied 3. Hitler thought that the Russian Revolution created conditions for Germany’s acquisition of land to its “racially inferior Slavic” east (Mein Kampf spelled out Hitler’s desire to expand eastward and to prepare for the inevitable war with the “Bolshevik Jew-led” Soviet Union) 4. Hitler always returned to his basic ideological plans for racial supremacy and empire as keys to the blueprint for achieving his goals 5. Hitler’s desire to create an Aryan empire led to slave labor and even mass extermination on a scale that would have been incomprehensible to previous generations of Germans (or anybody else outside...
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...Th e T yranny of Gui lt • Pa s c a l B ru c k n e r Translated from the French by s t ev e n r e n da l l The tyranny of Guilt An Essay on Western Masochism • P r i n c e t o n u n i v e r si t y P r e s s Princeton and Oxford english translation copyright © 2010 by Princeton university Press First published as La tyrannie de la pénitence: essai sur le masochisme occidental by Pascal Bruckner, copyright © 2006 by Grasset & Fasquelle Published by Princeton university Press, 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service...
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...How We Know What Isn't So The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life Thomas Gilovich THE FREE PRESS A Division of Macmillan, Inc. NEW YORK To Karen and liana Contents Acknowledgments 1. Introduction vn 1 PART ONE Cognitive Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 2. Something Out of Nothing: The Misperception and Misinterpretation of Random Data 3. Too Much from Too Little: The Misinterpretation of Incomplete and Unrepresentative Data 4. Seeing What We Expect to See: The Biased Evaluation of Ambiguous and Inconsistent Data 9 29 49 PART TWO Motivational and Social Determinants of Questionable Beliefs 5. Seeing What We Want to See: Motivational Determinants of Belief 6. Believing What We are Told: The Biasing Effects of Secondhand Information 7. The Imagined Agreement of Others: Exaggerated Impressions of Social Support 75 88 112 Contents PART THREE Examples of Questionable and Erroneous Beliefs 8. Belief in Ineffective "Alternative" Health Practices 9. Belief in the Effectiveness of Questionable Interpersonal Strategies 10. Belief in ESP 125 146 Acknowledgments 156 PART FOUR Where Do We Go from Here? 11. Challenging Dubious Beliefs: The Role of Social Science Notes Index 185 195 214 Four people made unusually significant contributions to this work and deserve special thanks. Lee Ross commented on drafts of many of the chapters and provided a number of his uniquely...
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