...``Push-pull'' factors influencing international student destination choice Tim Mazzarol Graduate School of Management, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia Geoffrey N. Soutar Graduate School of Management, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia Keywords Students, Decision making, Learning, Country of origin Introduction Why do students choose to study overseas? Demand for education, particularly higher education, has traditionally been driven by expectations of its ability to raise the economic and social status of the graduate. For people in less developed countries, limited access to education in their own countries led to a significant rise in the number of international students studying overseas. Between 1960 and 1970, the average growth in international student flows was around 9 per cent, and continued at about 6 per cent from 1970 to 1980 (Hughes, 1988). While there is some evidence of a slowing in the overall flow of international students during the 1980s and 1990s (Kemp, 1995), a global industry has been created. The global pattern of international student flows may be explained by a combination of ``push and pull'' factors that encourage students to study overseas. ``Push'' factors operate within the source country and initiate a student's decision to undertake international study. ``Pull'' factors operate within a host country to make that country relatively attractive to international students. Some of these factors are inherent...
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...generating region, at least one tourist route region, at least one tourist destination, as well as a travel and tourism industry facilitating movement within the system. Whole Tourism System theory is the concept of a number of both internal and external ‘interdependencies, energy flows and interactions’. The 1930s saw the emergence of systems theory to describe phenomenon that are ordinarily too complex. To explain the factors and elements of a World Tourism System this essay will use the Australia to Bali tourist system as an example to explain how each element functioning singularly creates a WTS. Within a whole tourism system tourists play the most valuable role. Tourism is essentially human experience and the enjoyment an individual gains from a destination. The geographical elements within a WTS are the tourist generating region, tourist destination region and the transit route region. The tourist generating region (TGR) within a whole tourism system is related to the demand part of tourism; here people gather information on destinations and this region is the ‘push zone’ for an individual to set off on travel. A tourist destination region (TDR) is generally the main component in convincing people to travel. The TDR is where the main impact of tourism is felt; the force attracting tourists to this region is what starts the entire system and where the majority of planning and management take place. The transit route region refers not only...
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...BUS103 MCQs Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/bus103-mcqs/ BUS103 Introduction to Macroeconomics Trial MCQs for Final Exam SECTION A 1. Which of the following statement is not true? Other things remaining the same, (a) A fall in the price level increases both exports and imports. (b) A rise in the price level decreases the real value of money. (c) A fall in the price level increases the quantity of real wealth. (d) A rise in the price level increases saving. 2. Which of the following statement is true? Other things remaining the same, (a) A fall in the price level increases both exports and imports. (b) A rise in the price level increases the real value of money. (c) A fall in the price level increases the quantity of real wealth. (d) A rise in the price level decreases saving. 3. Find an incorrect statement. (a) The short run aggregate supply (SAS) curve slopes upward. (b) With an inflationary gap, money wage rate begins to fall and the SAS curve shifts rightward. (c) A leftward shift in the short run aggregate supply (SAS) curve causes stagflation. (d) In the long run, the quantity of real GDP is equal to potential GDP. 4. Find an incorrect statement. (a) The short run aggregate supply (SAS) curve slopes upward. (b) With an inflationary gap, money wage rate begins to rise and the SAS curve shifts leftward. (c) A leftward shift in the short run aggregate supply (SAS) curve causes stagflation. (d) In the long run, the quantity of real...
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...International student motivations on the choice of studying in the UK. Literature Review; Britain has become the top destination for international students ahead of America, Newzeland, Canada, Germany and Australia (Haung R, 2005). For many years UK education has been known the best in the world for delivering quality education. UK is reputed for its higher education and has been benefited in speeding its market penetration worldwide (Binsardi A, 2003). Higher education is a key in development of industrial knowledge societies. Students and employer demands for higher quality education is increasing which has resulted in a rapid growth of transnational student mobility (Binsardi & Ekwulungo, 2008). The aim of this research paper is an attempt to examine the push and pull factors which motivate international students desire to seek UK education and influencing the decision making process in selection of final study destination. It also try to find how social and economic forces influence students in host country to push them study abroad? Demand for higher education is boomin around the world (economist,2010). Cross border mobility of students is a core component of internationalisation of higher education which has significant economic and academic implications (Li & Bray, 2007). International students mobility has been noticibaly increasing and becoming an impotrant part of the global higher education scene (verbik,2007). Over the past two decades considerable number of...
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...the expense of the developing countries. Malaysia is one developing country which is not spared from this phenomenon that is threat to the economy. Malaysian professionals are heavily sought after because they are able to adapt themselves anywhere in the world, multi-lingual and inexpensive. Malaysian professionals are steadfastly flowing out to fill the soaring demands abroad. If this situation were to continue, Malaysia would have to endure a shortage of professionals within the country and will create the issue whether our talent pool can maintain equilibrium to support our robust industry growth. Approaches to offset this phenomenon have to be carried out immediately. Thus, this paper will examined the relationship between the push-pull factors and intentions to migrate which eventually may lead to Brain Drain. Seeing that brain drain of our Malaysian professionals will continue to go on which definitely will have an impact on our transformation, researcher believe that an intention to migrate is strong indicator for how we expect the individual to act in future and warn policymakers of a likely future scenario if they fail to act purposely. Moreover, intention surveys also can help policymakers to identify ‘trigger points’ where policies intervention will have the greatest impact. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction Globalization although have done...
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...Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Lean Logistics Implementation in TTPO Cristina Jorge Bosch Termotecnologia SA 25-06-2008 Termotecnologia 1 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008| © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Foundation of Vulcano 1983 Robert Bosch acquires majority of shares 1992 Installation in Aveiro of R&D department 1996 Bosch worldwide responsibility Name change to BOSCH TERMOTECNOLOGIA for water heaters PORTUGAL SA Name change to BBT TERMOTECNOLOGIA PORTUGAL SA 2007 1977 1988 Brand Vulcano was created 1993 European leader in water heaters 2002 Start production of boilers 2007 2008 Start production of solar panels Termotecnologia 2 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Key Indicators Sales (Mio. €) Exportations (% sales) Water Heaters Boilers Production (Tsd units) Water Heaters Boilers Nº Workers 2004 194 2005 207 2006 230 2007 235 76 91 77 90 80 92 81 92 974 133 1.008 1.021 124 1.001 1.049 132 1.078 1.203 166 1.133 Nº1 Water Heater Manufacturing Company in Europe ...
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...immigrate to another country due to many factors such as changing climate, inadequate supply of food and wars. The pace of migration had accelerated since the 18th century due to the involuntary slave trade and then followed by industrialization in the 19th century. But nowadays, there are varies of reason that motivate immigration. In this essay, I will write about the factors that motivate migration and challenges immigrants face in the new country. There are both pull and push factors that motivate migration. According to Lewis (1982),” environmental, economic, political and social problems can be categorized as push factors in migration.” Lack of employment opportunities is one of the main problems in immigration, such as in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks the 4 largest population in the world. With so many competitors to emulate with, it’s difficult to find job. The pays is not good and some are unable to support their family and is forced to be a labor in foreign countries. So, there are many people immigrate to another country hoped to get a job in there and start their new life. In Indonesia, safety is what people fear of. Criminality occurs everywhere, especially in big cities such as Jakarta and Surabaya. In 2011, there were reported 54,799 violent crimes, 64 murders, 68 rapes, 1,936 aggravated assaults, 6,807 burglaries, 7,702 thefts and 5,352 vehicle thefts. High criminality caused Indonesia to be an unsafe place to stay in. Pull factors are the attractive part of the host...
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...1 | P a g e State of the Mobile Nation Switching Attitudes and Behaviours of Mobile Phone Service Providers in Australia Final Report Dr David Gray Dr Steven D’Alessandro Dr Leanne Carter Macquarie University Department of Marketing and Management. March, 20122 | P a g e Table of Contents Executive Summary...........................................................................................6 (i) Introduction ..........................................................................................6 (ii) Objectives of the research ....................................................................6 (iii) Methodology ........................................................................................6 (iv) Key findings .........................................................................................6 (a) The performance of the mobile phone services market..........6 (b) Switching behaviour and savings achieved.............................7 (c) Consumer satisfaction with mobile carriers .............................7 (d) Major reasons for switching carriers.........................................7 (e) Switching costs..........................................................................8 (f) The role of inertia in limiting switching......................................8 (g) The reasons for not switching...................................................8 (h) Bill shock....................................................................
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...1.What factors contributed to Euro-Disney’s poor performance during its first year of operation? What factors contributed to Hong Kong Disney's poor performance during its first years? · they were over charging there customers and breaking the customers banks, to where they could not afford to go there basically. · when comparing flight prices, it was actually cheaper to go to Florida and stay there, rather than going to theirs also the weather in Florida is more suited to family conditions usually. · they banned alcohol within the premises of the park. · Disney was more concerned advertising on how big the park was, when they should have been advertising the entertainment side of the park and show that disney is fun filled family vacation event, that Disney is actually known for all around the world, or at least the United States. · Hong Kongs Disney world, was trying to push to hard to make it happen and therefore made the park too small. · the park did not differentiate themselves from the surrounding amusements parks in china, it was just like the others basically · Hong Kong had very few rides compared to the theme park in Paris. · Did not offer current or hit movie theme based rides that were popular in China at that time. 2. to what degree do you consider that these ffactors were (a) foreseeable and (b) controllable by EuroDisney, Hong Kong Diisney, or the parent company, Disney? I believe that most of the mentioned factors were very foreseeable and controlable...
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...Frank Archer: The English Immigrant Frank Archer was a thoughtful and clever man who contributed to the Australian Society. He wanted to experience a better life so he moved from England to Australia. This essay will cover: his background, push factors from England, pull factors to Australia, immigration policies after World War II and his contribution to Australian society. Frank Archer was an experienced motor-transport driver who served 12 years in the RAAF. Frank was born on the 7th of April 1938 in York, England. He has two children from his first wife, Sheila, which he married in 1959 but she unfortunately died in 1992. When he remarried in 1998 with a woman named Barbara, he received a bonus of six more step-children. He now has 4 grandchildren, 4 great-grandchildren and 13 step-grandchildren. One of his many jobs was working as a guard on British Railways. Frank Archer is now retired and has finished working life....
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...rapidly increased. This has created a market opportunity for high end, quality wine companies from Australia to export their products to China. The product that will be focused on is Glandore Wine from the Hunter Valley. The report will focus on exporting this product into the Chinese market. There should be a strong focus on building brand reputation and maintaining long-term business relationships. There are multiple entry types into foreign markets yet Chinese regulations limit the mode of entry. The recommended mode of entry for Glandore wines is a Joint Venture. The decision between product standardisation and customisation is an important aspect of strategic decision-making. It is recommended that Glandore does not customise their core product of wine, however it is recommended that other product attributes are customised to appeal to the Chinese market. When promoting Glandore wine in the Chinese market there should be use of advertising, public relations, sales promotion and personal selling. Table of Contents Executive Summary ……………………………..…. 2 1. Introduction ………………………………………………... 4 2. 2.1 Market Entry………………………………………………4 2.2 Recommendations ………………………………………5 3. 3.1 Product Standardisation and Customisation ……..…..7 3.2 Recommendations…………………………………….….7 4. Promotion in China 4.1 Push Strategies……………………………………….…. 8 4.2 Pull Strategies………………………………………….… 9 5. Conclusion…………………………………………………….10 6. Reference List…………………………………………………11 ...
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...IN REFERENCE TO LEWIS COSER'S MASTERS OF SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT: IDEAS IN HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT, SOCIOLOGY In reference to Lewis Coser's Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context Sociology All throughout the history of humankind, people have moved in and out of places. According to an article, a group of people migrates because of a more favorable place or region or because of some adverse condition or combination of conditions in the home environment (Migration, 2006). The same article asserts that humans have migrated since they evolved in East Africa 6 to 2 million years ago and that their original differentiation into ethnic groups appears to have been the result of separate groups of people who migrated from central points of origin. Even in the Stone Age, however, this isolation was not complete, for migrations resulted in a complicated pattern of blood relationships through widely separated groups (Migration). The migration of people has led to accelerated mixing of stocks and mutual infusion of cultural and physical characteristics, including tools, habits, ideas, and forms of social organization, which have been prerequisites for the development of modern civilization (which would have taken place much more slowly if people did not move from place to place) (Migration). An example would be the use of horse which was introduced into the Middle East by Asian invaders, later spreading to Europe and the Americans (Migration)...
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...SA is a Spanish multinational group of textile manufacturing and distribution. Inditex has its head office in Arteijo, La Coruña, Spain. Inditex has 6460 stores under the following brands: Zara, Zara Home, Massimo Dutti, Pull & Bear, Bershka, Oysho, Kiddy's Class, Uterqüe or Stradivarius, among others. In 1963, Amancio Ortega Gaona founded a company dedicated to the manufacture of clothing that grows progressively and distributes its products to different European countries. In 1975 opened the first store under the name Zara in a central street of La Coruña (Spain). And in 1985 he joined Zara at Inditex SA, which would be the new head of the group of companies. In the following years the output is produced outside the Spanish borders opening stores in Porto (1988), New York (1989) and Paris (1990). In 1991 the group expanded with the creation of the Pull & Bear and the acquisition in 1995 of Massimo Dutti. In 2001 takes place the opening of oysho entering the Spanish stock market. Uterqüe was the last group of stores opened by the group in 2008. Despite the failure of trying get into Italian market by the Benetton family. In 2002 it opened the first store in Milan. And the store number 45 it was opened in Moscow. The recent opening in Australia is relevant, since they are already present in the 5 continents, but are focusing efforts especially in the Chinese and Indian markets, because they are growing markets and in the future they could get great returns. With...
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...ECON101 ESSAY -Foreign exchange -AE questions -Demand pull/Cost push Fiscal or Monitory policy - Money market (Demand/Supply) (Definition of Economics) Scarcity refers to the situation where resources (like labor and time) are limited but the wants are unlimited. (GDP) - GDP DEFINED GDP or gross domestic product is the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given time period. - Final Goods and Services GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced. A final good (or service) is an item bought by its final user during a specified time period. Real GDP per capita = Real GDP/Population (Real GDP Fluctuations ) A business cycle is a periodic but irregular up-and-down movement of total production and other measures of economic activity. Every cycle has two phases: 1 Expansion 2 Recession and two turning points: 1 Peak 2 Trough (List 4) Factors not in GDP that influence the standard of living are * Household production * Underground economic activity * Health and life expectancy * Leisure time * Environmental quality * Political freedom and social justice (Fixed Prices and Expenditure Plans) Disposable income is either spent on consumption goods and services, C, or saved, S. That is, Yd = C + S (MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME) It is calculated as the change in consumption expenditure, △C, divided by the change in disposable income...
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...Multidimensional Lenses on Migration Dilara Sönmez Middle East Technical University Department of International Relations, #1541077 ABSTRACT National and international security has gained new meanings and elements in recent years, especially after Cold War. The changed concept of security has been more and more broadened with accelerated effects of globalization and shocking September 11 events. The new issues of security agenda may be listed as immigration, global terror, climate change, energy, internal violence, human security etc. This article recovers mainly how irregular migration effects national and human security in a multi dimensional framework, from theories to the cases under several sections of the paper. Firstly, the definition and types; secondly motivations of immigration are outlined with a historical and theoretical briefs. Then the general perception on migration and motivations of migration will be connected more specific sections that are, in sequence, international lenses on migration regarding state and public securities and more specifically, the lenses of the US and European Union on migration. The conclusion part put my arguments as done during article that are both agreed and disagreed with the mainstream theories and the opinions of expert that are stated in the article. Definitions and Types of Migration The term of migration has several definitions that give almost similar meanings. Generally, in social science literature, Migration...
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