...syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV). During an initial infection a person may experience a brief period of influenza like infections and illness. Prolonged periods without treatment cause death. The disease includes tumors, opportunistic infections and damage of the immune system. Transmission of HIV/AIDS is caused by several ways, sexually, exchange of body fluids like blood, serum and saliva and also from mother to child. For the awareness of the people there are a lot of Government and Non-Government organizations that have been founded. These organizations have various educational programs to educate and create awareness. But are these programs reaching the people properly? Are the people following and understanding the information? Is there any decrease or control of deaths and transmission of HIV/AIDS? Many organizations and AIDS types of council are formed in Victoria and many places in Australia. The Victorian AIDS Council has taken a prominent role to control and help in the education and awareness of the people. As HIV/AIDS is transmitted in Victoria especially by men to men, the launch of Gay Men Health Care organizations have been formed for its control. Needs Analysis Design:- The target population of the needs analysis was identified to all the patients who are affected with HIV/AIDS in Gay Men Health Care. This comprises only to the patients who are already affected with HIV/AIDS through...
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...Comparison between Australia and democratic republic of the congo Janaya arkley 8 Crimson Introduction The difference between a developed country and developing country is very large a developing country is a country that has not yet reached its agricultural and economical potential. australia is a developed country that will be compared to the democratic republic of the congo.there are many different lifestyle indicators including health and access to food. Indicator 1-Health Source A Access to health care in developing countries is a large issue unlike developed countries such as australia.in the democratic republic of the congo 31700 people die of hiv/aids per year but in australia because of education...
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...Research Methodology course in the first and sixth semesters of the undergraduate study respectively (See Transcript attached) * Successful Completion of Monitoring & Evaluation Fundamentals course of Global Health eLearning Center in December 2011 (See Certificate attached) * Successful Completion of HIV Basic Biology, Epidemiology & Prevention course of Global Health eLearning Center in January 2015 (See Certificate attached) * Management of massive project database of all organization projects, including development of proficient high-level Excel-based tool and development of statistical report on organization performance to the donor (Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade - DFAT) which describes crucial indicators including retention rate of HIV/AIDS patients on Antiretrovirals Therapy and HIV/AIDS service quality improvement (See Report Attached) * Management of the national Antiretrovirals (ARVs) consumption and generation of ARVs quantification and forecasting using different quantification methods including morbidity, consumption and/or service level methods. * Design and accomplishment of retrospective and prospective assessments and studies with intensive and extensive statistical data...
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...440116992 Topic 1: Widespread Acceptance of Homosexuality Background A recent and significant social-cultural change is that homosexuality is becoming more and more acceptable around the world. According to the research conducted in 2013 (PewResearchCenter 2013), greater acceptance about homosexuality is shown in more secular and affluent countries like America, Canada and most European countries. People in most countries change attitude upon homosexuality positively, with some of them like South Korea, America and Canada have the largest change from 2007 to 2013 (PewResearchCenter 2013). A vast percentage of 92 percent America’s lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) adults reflected that greater acceptance of love equality has shown in the past decade and the growing trend would be expected to continue in the coming decade (PewResearchCenter 2013). According to a previous research data from Witeck Communications (2013), the total purchase power of American LGBT adult is estimated to be 830 billion dollar. With the massive economic contributions behind LGBT group, huge potential opportunity for marketing exists. Marketing Response towards the Trend More and more brands are following the trend to respond to the LGBT advertising and most of them have widespread impact online (Snyder 2015). Burger King launched a regular burger with special rainbow-colored wrapper printing a message “we are all the same inside” in Pride week (Snyder 2015). People...
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...Summary Leigh Dayton argues about the risk of using cannabis in her article “Dope Head” which was published in The Weekend Australia on November 5-6, 2005. She states that cannabis leads to an increased risk of mental health problems and provides some research and evidence to proof her points of view. First, the author supports her argument by referring two academic experts’ opinions to blame cannabis. Second, the author outlines some research findings which support more evidence and concludes that regular cannabis use may increase risks of psychosis. Moreover, she states out another finding that cannabis can be used to relieve distress. Third, the author notes that young brains have higher potential being damaged from cannabis and the age at which people start to use cannabis is decreasing. According to a professional journal provides by the author, the cannabis is stronger than before. Next, the author demonstrates the reason why young brains are particularly at risk. She states that is because adolescent brains are still growing and they are subject to extensive internal change. Also, she refers an expert’s research to support that reason. At the end, she outlines more findings that drug and alcohol use affects growing brains, especially parts of the brain at the front of the skull are particularly affected. Further, the author states some possible reasons that why dope smoking may impair the formation of healthy wiring in brain. Last, the author gives...
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...Australia - a Land for Men 2 3. Women in Australia 2 3.1 The “Bush-Woman“ in “The Drover‘s Wife“ 2 3.2 The role of Australian Women 2 3.3 Australian Feminism 2 4.Conclusion 2 5.Bibliography 3 6. Declaration of Authenticity 1. Introduction “[...] she fought a bad bullock that besieged the house for a day“ (Lawson 6). This would probably be a challenge for a man not for a woman. But in Henry Lawson‘s point of view this and fighting snakes and diseases are things women in the Australian bush are capable of doing as presented in The Drover‘s Wife. Henry Lawson (1867-1922) is the finest author and poet in Australia's colonial period and had a big focus on the Australian bush and life. He is famous for his works such as The Drover‘s Wife which got first published 1892 in The Bulletin - an Australian magazine of great importance. In his short story The Drover‘s Wife Lawson presents a mother with her children in a dangerous living situation in the Australian bush, “Lawson‘s story created the archetype of the pioneer bush-woman, a heroic mother left on her own by the drover husband, resigned to her fate, battling against the elements and winning“ (Carrera-Suarez, 140). Lawson, who lived in the Australian-Bush himself is able to judge which attributes are important to survive in it and so created the image of the drover‘s wife. His view of women...
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...HIV/AIDS AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF STANDARD EIGHT PUPILS IN MATHIRA EAST CONSTITUENCY: A CASE STUDY OF RAGATI, KARURA, KIRIGU AND D.E.B PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS PRESENTED BY: GRACE MUNGA EDU/DECD/5018/09 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO KARATINA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF A DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECDE) May-August 2011 Supervisor: SW Macharia DECLARATION I, Grace Munga, ADM NO. EDU/DECD/5018/09 declare that this proposal is my own original work and has not been presented for a degree in any college or university. ______________________________ Date_____________________ GRACE MUNGA ADM NO. EDU/DECD/5018/09 This research proposal has been submitted for the examination with my approval as the supervisor. ___________________________ Date ______________________ Sw Macharia Dedication I dedicate this research project to my family, especially my mom and dad who offered me great emotional and financial support while I was carrying out the study. Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the standard eight pupils who took part in this research study and willingly answered the research questions that I asked them. Also the school heads for allowing their students to be part of this research. Without their participation, this study would not have been successful. I also acknowledge my lecturer Mr. Macharia for offering academic guidance and corrections when I was carrying out the study. ...
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...these three issues is because there will be a large loss of market share if readers, or may better say customers, in the society change the opinions about underlying values and beliefs of News Limited and loss confidence of their future behavior; the change of laws may limit its expansion; and the unethical employment may lead to social issue in the long term. The phone-hacking scandal of one of the News Corporation subsidiaries- News of the World reflects the whole entire business. One of Murdoch’s former top executive said Murdoch invented and established this culture in the newsroom, where you do whatever it takes to get the story, take no prisoners, destroy the competition, and the end will justify the means. As being Australian arm of News Corporation, News Limited tends to be suspected that they share the same underlying value and belief as all the other subsidiaries of Murdoch’s media empire, which drives them to behave similarly. Professor Rolph, from faculty of Law at University of Sydney, said even though there is no evidence that this conduct has occurred in Australia, what mostly like to occur is an enforceable act to privacy as a result. People will defend the news that is sourced unethically. However, the Former chairman and CEO of News Ltd, John Hartigan said, the culture in News Limited is so different from that in UK. People refer a lot of the media as “red tops’ in the UK. They are very aggressive newspaper; they are very sensational,...
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...AIDS LEGAL Network Q A Publication of the AIDS Legal Network • September/November 2008 Patrick Eba One size punishes all… A critical appraisal of the criminalisation of HIV transmission Lauded by lawmakers as an expression of their strong will to ‘fight AIDS’, HIV-specific laws have become a ubiquitous feature of the legal response to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa1 As of 1st December 2008, twenty countries in ECOWAS Parliament, the West African Health Organisation sub-Saharan Africa had adopted HIV-specific laws.2 (WAHO), the Center for Studies and Research on HIV-specific laws or ‘omnibus HIV laws’, as they are Population for Development (CERPOD), the Network of sometimes ironically referred to, are legislative provisions Parliamentarians in Chad for Population and Development that regulate, in a single document, several aspects of HIV and the USAID West African Regional Programme.3 and The stated objective of these HIV-specific laws, as communication; HIV testing, prevention treatment, care provided under several of their preambulary provisions, and support; HIV-related research; and the protection of is to and AIDS, including HIV-related education people living with HIV. The emergence of HIV-specific …ensure that every person living with HIV or laws in sub-Saharan Africa can be traced to the adoption presumed to be living with HIV enjoys the full of the Model Law on STI/HIV/AIDS for West...
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...AusAID (the Australian Agency for International Development) was the Australian Government agency responsible for managing Australia's overseas aid program until 31 October 2013, when it ceased to be an executive agency and was integrated into the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The objective of the aid program is to assist developing countries to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development, in line with Australia's national interest.[ 1：Australia's aid program leads the way in the fight against preventable disease in our region. Australia's aid effort has wiped out polio from the Pacific. Australia has also funded measles and polio immunisations for more than 1.5 million children in Papua New Guinea. AusAID works to improve the quality of basics services. Water supply and sanitation programs are providing fresh water for nearly 500,000 people in Tanzania, South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. AusAID funds projects such as the Mỹ Thuận Bridge in Vietnam's Mekong Delta region. The bridge now benefits more than three million people living below the poverty line. Over the past 40 years: * average life expectancy in developing countries has increased by 20 years * adult illiteracy has almost halved * maternal mortality has decreased by 50 per cent. Most importantly, despite a rapidly growing world population, the number of people living in poverty has fallen by 200 million since 1980. Australian aid has contributed to these achievements. By promoting...
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...clinical staging (see p 10) Provide appropriate investigations/treatment of OIs (see p 13 ) If pregnant, refer to PPTCT Screen for TB Screen for STI Identify need for: CTX prophylaxis (see p 16 ) ART (see p 18 ) No Pre ART care (see p 15 ) Yes Give patient education on treatment and adherence (see p 54 ) Arrange psychosocial, nutrition and community support (see p 56) Start ART, (see p 19 ) Arrange follow-up + monitoring (see p 25 ) Assess adherence every visit Provide positive prevention advice and condoms Provide patient information sheet on the ART regimen prescribed (see annex 7, 8) Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO National AIDS Control organisation Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India with support from CDC . Clinton Foundation . WHO TAble of T A b l e o f Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction....... ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Objectives of the Guidelines ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Section A - Management of Antiretroviral Therapy of Adults and Adolescents ........................................ 5 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5...
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... July 17, 2013 Ramiro Sandoval, MBA Demographic AIDS have made an impact in every community within the United States. Almost every person at some point has been affected by the preventable, but incurable disease. This paper is will address the targeted population with people who have AIDS. Also, data about the population demographics, and the general impact that changing demographics may have on the health care market, why and how will changes in the demographics of this population affect health care. Furthermore, identify two key health care-related challenges with patients with AIDS, and describe how a chronic disease wellness programs may affect the cost for the demographic. And last, how can an individual patient in the community and society as whole address these challenges. The Center for Disease Control (CDC), has estimated that there are more than one million people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States (Center of Disease Control, 2011). AIDS arrived in the United States in 1969 through an infected immigrant from Haiti. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an estimated one million or more people that were infected with AIDS and half million individuals had died from AIDS in the United States. HIV is a silent disease that can be undetected. CDC stated that roughly fifty thousand annual infections between 2006 and 2009 in the United States are infected with AIDS. The largest number of AIDS was among white men who have sex with men followed by African-American...
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...and soul she can easily be snatched up by a violent individual and never heard from again. Prostitution should not be allowed because there are several dangerous situations that it could put women in. A prostitute could be easily used for a sick pervert’s nasty fantasy. Not to mention that they can be raped or even robbed for everything that they worked so hard for. I could only imagine living the lifestyle of a prostitute and getting robbed for everything I ruined my mind, body and soul for. Prostitution should not be allowed because they are putting not only themselves in danger but also others. They could easily give and catch a disease. What’s even worse is catching or giving someone something that you can’t get rid of such as aids or HIV. A prostitute could risk getting pregnant by someone they don’t even know on the count of them sleeping with so many people. The prevalence of HIV infection among IDUs has reached up to 52%. Although the prevalence of HIV is still less than 5% among women selling sex, their sexual behaviors and practices place them at high risk of acquiring and spreading HIV and STIs (UNAIDS, 2008). The National Sexually Transmitted Infections/Reproductive Tract Infections (STI/RTI) study of Pakistan revealed a high burden of STIs among female sexworkers (FSWs) (Family Health International [FHI], 2004). A prostitute is a bad...
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... Consider the AIDS and River Blindness cases. Merck ultimately decided to distribute the drug themselves instead of making the patent available for generic use (as suggested in the AIDS case). According to UNICEF, they have donated over 2 billion Mectizan pills and over 80 million people are treated annually. Given that Merck is using corporate funds for this program, is Merck's donation of these drugs morally acceptable? Morally required? Explain. Do Merck's stockholders have any cause to complain when Merck spends their money on these ventures which are not aimed at profit? If this action is morally acceptable (or required) for Merck, then would similar charitable actions be acceptable (or required) for other companies that produce products which would benefit impoverished people? (Ex. food companies, clothing companies, water filtration tech companies, etc) Explain. Answer As a pharmaceutical company, Merck saw an opportunity when the River blindness epidemic first arose and focused their attention on countries most affected by the parasite. At the time of the breakout, Merck had become part of the Fortune 500, giving them credibility and an obligation to reach out to people most affected by River Blindness. As many companies focus on profit, Merck saw an opportunity to earn some prestige instead, by treating patients over seas. To morally justify the companies decision, managers looked back on what the founders of the company believed in. Former president of the company...
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...about. The author will identify environmental factors related to the chosen disease. The author will discuss what kind of influence the communicable disease will have on a person’s lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and how to manage the disease. The author will identify gaps and methods for linking to other resources to meet the needs that are not locally available to the population. The author will include recommendations to expand community programs if there is a gap. In conclusion the author will proved three or more references. The communicable disease the author chose to write about is Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency (HIV/AIDS). HIV is a virus that is transmitted from one person to another person through the exchange of body fluids such as blood, breast milk, semen, and vaginal secretions. AIDS is an advance state of HIV. HIV can be spread from one person to another person when he or she has unprotected sex with different partners, have anal sex, being stuck by a contaminated needle on accident, blood transfusions, mucous membranes, sharing needles when doing drugs, and from a infected mother to her child (CDC Center for Disease...
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