...Como resultado de la crisis económica del 2008, la cual comenzó en Asia y se propagó al resto del mundo EU fue uno de los países con mayor impacto en la misma anunciando la insolvencia de AIG rescatada por el Tesoro de EU, hasta la quiebra de Lehman Brothers posteriormente comprada por JP Morgan. Estos son ejemplos de grupos que se vieron impactados por numerosas pérdidas derivado de la crisis hipotecaria ya que los mercados se quedaron sin liquidez. (2) Aún cuando la repercusión en los países menos desarrollados no fue tan fuerte, la dependencia económica que tiene Mexico de EU ocasionó que formáramos parte de “La Gran Recesión”. El tipo de cambio alcanzó niveles de $14 y precio del petróleo alcanzo 147 dólares por barril, lo cual cambió rápidamente debido a la caída del mercado. (1) Localmente todos los sectores se vieron afectados, ya que los derivados de varias empresas cayeron llevando a concurso mercantil a Comex. El sector inmobiliario, enfrentó a una inflación superior al 5% generando mayores precios de insumos como el acero. Aunado a esto se generó un problema de solvencia en el mercado como resultado del desempleo, el cual impedía el otorgamiento de créditos y por lo tanto la contracción de su mercado en forma importante. Sin embargo el aporte de este sector al PIB continúa en 6.9% y aún cuando enfrenta una caída del mercado y no llegará al crecimiento estimado del 4.5% si crecerá en 2.7% (1) Dynámica empresa fundada en 1994 por los hermanos Valenzuela...
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...in Marketing&Communication “The most spectacular bankruptcy of the 2008 financial crisis was the collapse of Iceland's financial system. This collapse is especially intriguing as Iceland is not an underdeveloped country!” ---EHMAN BROTHERS Introduction Iceland is an independent Nordic European island country situated at the confluence of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Its traditional industries are fishing, processing of fish, aluminum, and strong energy industry. During several years of economic boom, the Icelandic financial system expanded considerably. A nation with a slight population erected a banking system whose total assets were 10 times the size of the country's GDP. Greedy bankers, inexperienced upstairs, corrupt political elite, the deregulation of the financial system, make the banking sector grew faster than any other sector of the Icelandic economy. Following the global financial crisis in 2008, Iceland became the most dramatic economic meltdown. The key problem with the banks essentially owning all the bankrupt highly leveraged business (that were and are essentially good ocean harvesting fishing business) and the downgrade in sovereign debt rating led to capital flight. With the collapse of exchange rate of Krona, 3 main banks (Landsbanki, Kaupthing and Glitnir) are nationalized because of the serious liquidity problems of banks. By the end of 2008 rate of price inflation reached 18 percent. The government instituted the...
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...está enfocada particularmente en tres grandes economías maduras del mundo: Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y España. Plantea el desapalancamiento de las economías como un proceso lento y doloroso. El estudio plantea, a través del análisis de las experiencias existosas de Suecia y Finlandia en los años 90’s y la fallida de Japón, el desapalancamiento en dos fases, la inicial que es la fase privada y la complementaria que es la gubernamental como fases previas a una recuperación económica y crecimiento sostenido de las economías. El estudio muestra el estado general de desapalancamiento en las 10 grandes economías maduras del mundo. Para los países enfoque en le estudio, se detalla la composición de esa deuda después de la crisis financiera del 2008 y se analiza el comportamiento de la misma así como los factores domésticos e internacionales que han influenciado ese comportamiento, ambos de índole económica y política. Indica de manera general la diferencia en el estado de desapalancamiento que los los tres países tienen, cada uno se encuenta en una fase distinta. El estudio señala 6 condidiones para el crecimiento de la economía de un país en tiempos de desapalancamiento: * Un sistema bancario estable, * Un plan fiscal creíble y sostenible a largo plazo, * Reformas estructurales que permitan el crecimiento del sector privado * Condiciones para un fuerte crecimiento de exportaciones * Incremento de la inversión privada * Un mercado inmobiliario...
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...de las mismas. Evidentemente la realidad económica ha demostrado que los mercados son la base de cualquier economía próspera, pero que no funcionan bien por si solos, ya que las economías necesitan de un equilibrio entre el papel de los mercados y el papel del gobierno con importantes contribuciones por parte de las instituciones privadas y no gubernamentales. Una prueba de lo anteriormente mencionado es la Gran Recesión del 2008, la cual deja al descubierto defectos fundamentales del sistema capitalista. quien más que un economista tan experimentado como Stiglitz para esclarecer «cómo entró el mundo en caída libre» y «qué políticas y/o acontecimientos desencadenaron el gran desplome del 2008». Con una intención distinta, bajo una crítica a la economía moderna, el autor argumenta que las políticas cruciales como la desregulación fueron una consecuencia de fuerzas políticas, económicas, e ideológicas que iban más allá de cualquier individuo en particular. Capítulo I.- La gestación de una crisis Stiglitz analiza las causas de la recesión económica del 2008 iniciada en Estados Unidos como consecuencia de una burbuja inmobiliaria en una economía desregulada no gestora del riesgo, basada en el apogeo de la titulización y la interconexión de la economía estadunidense con el resto del mundo. Capítulo II. La Caída Libre y Sus Repercusiones Los problemas del sistema financiero...
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...Los BRIC son los nuevos países emergentes (Brasil, Rusia, India y China), según el economista Jim Oneil, presidente de Goldman Sach, uno de los grupos de inversión más grandes del mundo. La teoría de los BRIC expone que los nuevos países emergentes, considerados las cuatro nuevas potencias mundiales, han mostrado durante la última década crecimientos económicos que podrían hacer que en el año 2050 superen a las economías principales como Estados Unidos o Japón, que forman parte del G7. Hay algo que tienen en común estas naciones, y es que las cuatro poseen una gran extensión territorial, que entre ellos conforman el 25% del planeta, tienen abundantes recursos naturales y también una densidad poblacional bastante grande y juntos forman un poco más del 40% de la población mundial. Se ha visto que la población ha mejorado sus ingresos de una forma rápida y dramática en la última década. Son naciones que han cambiado sus sistemas políticos para integrarse al capitalismo global. También son países que consumen una gran parte de su producción, haciendo que estas no dependan tanto de las economías internacionales, específicamente de Estados Unidos. Todas son naciones que hace muchos años le apostaron a la educación de su gente y es esto lo que en una buena parte está haciendo que con el pasar de los años estén teniendo cambios positivos que los ha hecho, desde la década de los noventas, que estén sobresaliendo y sean considerados como nuevas economías emergentes y también hayan...
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...their most efficient uses. When the resources failed to be allocated efficiently, the situation is called market failure. Market failure occurs when the resources in the market are unable to allocate efficiently. At this time, the government will interfere with the market to reallocate the resources through certain measures. On the other hand, the invisible hand does not always ensure that resources are allocated equally. Therefore the government needs to interfere by implementing taxation system. Based on the article, food prices are soaring high exceeding the previous peak level in mid of year 2008. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the food price index had increased up by 3.4% for the seven months. There are a few factors which lead to the rising of prices such as the increase in the population growth; the World Financial Crisis which hit the world in year 2008-2009 also affected the food prices and the weather condition which damaged certain countries’ crop production. As the food prices are soaring up high, government will eventually interfere with the...
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...Competing with the global giants England had always been considered to be one of the most civilised nations in the world, gathering from the country's vast historical stories and researches, England has gone through many civilisation phases as the country slowly emerges into globalisation. It is these journeys which defines England as how it is today. We have learnt of many driven influences and factors which has led this mighty nation into a civilised success, and this paper will explore all of the possible driving factors behind this great nation, and the reason for its undefeated economical standing and the highly regarded and prestigious education standards it possesses. Not only is England one of the most famous countries in the world, it is also one of the most famous from the West and United States of America. The strategy they decide to choose to keep them in this same power will ultimately steer the country's predictions for the future of globalisation. In previous times, humans walked and swam as a way of traveling, it was very difficult to communicate long distances; for example, if we walked 100 miles without stopping, it would take 1 day to get to the destination. For this reason, most countries' development was very slow and each country had a different level of technology because they could not share knowledge or ideas with each other. However, this situation began to change after Europeans improved naval techniques which allowed Europeans to travel to other continents...
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...Nicaragua: A Nation in Crisis Marbely L. Robison Strayer University Abstract Nicaragua suffers from serious social problems, aggravated by warfare and economic crises. The economic crisis of the 1980s, coupled with the Contra War, has worsened the greatest social problems Nicaragua has faced in the past few decades, namely unemployment, poverty and starvation. Widespread poverty and unemployment have lead to housing shortages, malnutrition and rising crime and illiteracy. More than half of Nicaraguans live in poverty; the statistics for unemployment and underemployment are just as high. Nicaragua – A Nation in Crisis Nicaragua is a land of lakes and volcanoes. The country also boasts the longest rivers, vast coastal lagoons, and hundreds of miles of sea coast. Although a beautiful country, Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, with Haiti being the first. Nicaragua faces three main social problems: unemployment, poverty, and starvation. Unemployment Nicaragua's unemployment hovers around 70 percent, the highest in Latin America. Because of the uneven distribution of wealth, as well as the economic and political commotions, the poor have even suffered during periods of economic growth. Nicaragua’s economic crisis left the country in terrible straits. After years of hyperinflation, salaries have become nonexistent. Many Nicaraguans are forced to supplement their so-called salaries by working in the black...
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...Table of contents Components | Page | Question 11.1 The Causes of Global Food Crisis i. Rising of Population Growth Rate ii. Increased oil price iii. Increase Demand for Biofuel iv. The Exchange Rate of US Dollar v. Weather Disruption & Natural Disaster vi. Low Global Stocks of Grains vii. Tariffs and policies 1.2 The Effects of Global Food Crisis i. Effects at the national level ii. Effects at the household level | 1-11 | | 11-13 | Question 2 i. How the governments intervene ii. Why the governments intervene | 13-20 | References and Appendices | 21-23 | Question 1: Causes and effects of global food price rises. 1.1 The Causes of Global Food Crisis Figure 1: Sources of Food Price Increases, January 2007–February 2011 (percentage points, year-on-year) Source : FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Food Price Index is a measure of the monthly change in international prices of a basket of food commodities. According to the data of FAO, FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) reached an average of 234 points in June 2011, which is approximately 1 percent higher than in May and 39 percent higher than in June 2010. It reaches its peak that is 238 points in February. A high rise in international sugar prices was behind much of the increase in the June value of the index. International dairy prices rose slightly in June, while meat prices are stable. Among the major cereals, prices...
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...GEOG 545 Paper Review | A Review of “Food Insecurity in Pakistan: Causes and Policy Response” | By Mohammad Aslam Khan / Akhtar Ali Shah | | CASEY CALLAGHAN | 2/20/2012 | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | Food insecurity has been a long lasting issue in Pakistan – a country where about half its populations suffers from malnutrition to some extent. There is a wide range of causes for this problem, and there are also many solutions – some more effective than others. In this response to the article “Food Insecurity in Pakistan: Causes and Policy Response,” I will attempt to summarize these causes and policy responses, as well as give some of my personal input. There are many causes of food insecurity in Pakistan, the main one, in my opinion, is the ever growing gap between the demand for food and the actual food supply. Although the Pakistan’s food supply has been steadily increasing over the past decades, the population seems to be increasing at a much faster rate. In other words, the increase in the demand has been outweighing the increase in supply, leaving more and more citizens with inadequate food supplies and improper nutrition. This passage from the article shows just how rapidly Pakistan’s population has grown over the past sixty years, “Pakistan’s population...
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...07 April 2008 Policy Support & Advocacy Cluster UNDP Administrator visits Bangladesh An Internal Knowledge Fair was organized by UNDP Bangladesh on 15th March 2008. This was a first of a kind event which helped to strengthen the platform for knowledge and experience sharing. The fair was organized on light of the visit of Kemal Dervis’s, UNDP Administrator, to Bangladesh. The Knowledge Fair was part of a broader programme of the UNDP Administrator’s convention with staff members of the country office. It was organized to enliven the activities and initiatives taken through diverse programmes and projects of UNDP Bangladesh. The fair showcased six stalls which were designed on the basis of thematic areas: UN Bangladesh, Directorate, Governance, MDGs and Poverty Reduction, Environment & Energy, Crisis prevention & recovery Bulletin Issue 9 “I had the opportunity to see with my own eyes the resilience of the people of Bangladesh in the Each stall was set to showcase publications, reports and photographs depicting various accomplishments of UNDP CO. The stalls were in U-shaped with a panel of photographs behind each of them. Each stall also had two computers where the clusters could display any pictures or videos. The room had two projector screens showing imperative initiations like Election and MDGs animated series, undertaken by the country office. Considerable emphasis was given to pictorial depictions of activities and this made the whole knowledge fair very...
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...PERSPECTIVES ON POPULATION GROWTH Based on the current trend, there will be a total to about 9.2 billion people on the earth by mid-century, fuelled by the birth of 220000 children a day and falling mortality rates (Population Institute, 2014). This estimate raises questions about the future of humanity and the planet we inhabit. The debate about an optimal size for human population is one that has waged over the years. The question is fundamentally about sustainability; whether the resources that drive our lives can be sustained indefinitely can support humanity in the long term. We operate on the assumption that, on a finite planet, nothing physical can grow indefinitely. As our population grows, the fewer resources there are for each of us and members of other species with which we share the planet. Because of the finite nature of the resources and the ability of our planet to provide us infinite resources, we need to, carefully consider some aspects of our existence, like our consumption, acceptable living standards, what technologies make best use of the resources available and explore ways to preserve the ecosystems on which we depend. The primary concern regarding rapid global population growth includes aggravated poverty, starvation, water scarcity, political & social instability and depletion of natural resources. How will we feed 9.2 billion people when high food prices and the global economic recession have pushed 100 million more people than last year into...
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...BBC Future of Food- Part 2: Senegal Last week, BBC released the second part to their series of documentaries called the Future of Food. Part 2 largely concentrated on Senegal which really excited me and probably excites you as well, as a global farmers’ movement. Although the title says, “Senegal”, the documentary focuses of global food crises- moving from India to Kenya while always relating their issues back to England. In these documentaries, George Alagiah travels around the world to to reveal a global food crisis whose complete and thunderous effects can only be felt years from today. The series aims to create awareness on the unprecedented competition for food due to population growth and changing diets and also looks for viable solutions. Part one is where George heads out to India to bring to light how a changing diet in the developing world is putting pressure on the world's limited food resources. He finds out how using crops to produce fuel is impacting food supplies across the continents. Part two is one where he travels to Senegal and investigates the fishing trade the country is famous for and how globalisation has impacted the local fishermen of the area. He highlights how most often, the local fishermen are run out of their century long businesses and how despite fishes being the primary source of protein, available in abundance, are now slowly getting more expensive such that the local people are malnourished. From Senegal, he travels to India, the largest...
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...Md. Arafater Rahman Bhuiyan Assistant Professor Department of business studies Bangladesh University of Business & Technology Subject: Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, With due respect we, the undersigned students of BBA 28 intake, section 07 of a group have Case study on “Why did global food price rise” under the course: International Business. This case study has enabled us to gain how to increase global food price rise. So it becomes as an extremely challenging and interesting experience. Thank you for your supportive consideration for formulating an idea. Without your Inspiring this case study would have been an incomplete one. Lastly, I would be thankful once again if you please give your judicious advice on effort. Yours’ sincerely, On behalf of my group Md. Mahmud Hasan ID No- 11123101283 Department of Business Studies Acknowledgement Every case study big or small whatever, is successful largely due to dedicated people who have always given their valuable advice. I sincerely appreciate the support and guidance of all those people who help us to complete this case study. I am Md. Mahmud Hasan. Extreamly grateful on behalf of my group to my course teacher Md. Arafater Rahman Bhuiyan who gave a case study task to complete with good direction. And also, grateful unknown economic online blogger who wrote articles on his blog & we got some important information. I also grateful to my group...
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... means towards a "global localization" (Shanghai; Bangladesh) • The on-going investigation of price fixing amongst the big four retailers within the UK can have some negative impact to the industry in general and Sainsbury's in particular, as it is at the forefront of this allegation (Rigby 2008). Although Sainsbury's is very well established among consumers, these allegations can lead to a negative public image, as the consumers might feel cheated. • In the UK, the Government is to decrease the rate of corporation tax from 30% to 28%, which will save big companies like Sainsbury's significant sums of money (HM Treasury 2008). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally based jobs to highly skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994) aim to recruit and retain the best people, from backgrounds that reflect the communities we serve; “you can” program PESTEL analysis – Economic factors • The rapidly increasing global food crisis has increased food prices all over the world, which will result in rising purchasing costs for Sainsbury's (economist.com 2008 [online]). This will have an impact on the margins of the organisation and might lead to passing over the cost to consumers by increasing prices of most things in the supermarket. Furthermore, rising fuel...
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