...some manufacturers are looking into a complete autonomous vehicle (AV). These are completely self-driving cars which the computer system controls every aspect of the drive. AVs have the potential to alter the landscape of driving like it has never been altered before. They have the potential to reduce the number of deadly crashes, provide transportation to elderly and disabled people and provide more capacity on the road. This paper will address the overall safety benefit of these vehicles. The first section will provide details into the technology behind the AV. This technology is the main component of the AV and will provide the safety factors in the system. The technology is currently in some cars and will advance to cover more systems as the AV becomes more accepted. The second section will cover the safety of the vehicle. It will delve into the number of accidents currently happening with human drivers to the tests of AVs. It will also bring up different factors which cause human accidents which are not present in a computer. Finally the third section will cover the health benefits of AVs. Stress is a major cause of most medical conditions. Driving in some instances cause major stress. So if a computer is driving the car then that should lessen the overall stress. This section will explore this benefit. Technology of Autonomous Vehicles The development of autonomous vehicles is in high demand. Many universities and private...
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...Autonomous Vehicles Google with the help of specially trained scientist and engineers, have come up with a robot concept car. This autonomous vehicle uses artificial intelligence software. This can sense anything near and mimic the decisions made by a human driver. With someone behind the wheel to take control if something goes wrong and a technician in the passenger seat to monitor the navigation system. Using a funnel like cylinder on the roof contains a camera and a sensor. The mass production of this car has people to believe that they can transform society as profoundly as the internet has. The first thought that comes to mind when you think about a car that could drive itself, is that how safe could it be? You could also ask yourself can a robot be a safer driver than a human? But the truth is that robots react 10 times faster than humans. They also have a 360 degree perception. There aren’t any distractions such as texting, talking on the phone, falling asleep at the wheel, or intoxication. More than 37,000 people died in 2008 due to distractions while driving. Engineers started out by building and testing models in the mid 1960’s. Seven test cars have been driven 1,000 miles, without human intervention and more than 140,000 miles with only occasional human control. One even drove itself down one of the steepest and curviest streets in the nation. The only accident engineers said was when a Google car was rear-ended while stopped at a traffic light. The engineers say...
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...Body Slip Angle Observer Based on Nonlinear Tire Model for Electric Vehicle Stabilization Control with In-Wheel Motors Geng Cong, Hori Yoichi (The University of Tokyo) Abstract: Body slip angle is important for electric vehicle stabilization control with in-wheel-motors. However，as sensors to measure body slip angle are very expensive, it needs to estimate β from variables measurable. The most difficult forβestimation is that the strong non-linear characteristics of vehicle, especially non-linear characteristics of tire force makes vehicle model parameters change greatly as vehicle running in nonlinear conditions. This paper proposes an observer based on nonlinear tire model which can describe the tire lateral force in its nonlinear region. Simulation and experimental analysis demonstrate the observer’s effectiveness, especially when the vehicle running in nonlinear cornering regions. Key words: electric vehicle, vehicle stabilization control, body slip angle, nonlinear observer, nonlinear tire model 1. Introduction In recent years, considering environmental protection and energy conservation, electric vehicles (EVs) are intensively developed. Due to the improvement of motor design and control technology, modern configurations are developed for EV. One of the latest configurations is motor-in-wheels, which means motors can be fitted into all the driving wheels of EV independently. For vehicle chassis control, such configuration brings much more advantages. All...
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...Autonomous vehicles, also known as self-driving vehicle, driver-less vehicle, etc. in addition, these vehicles are capable of sensing the environment and navigating without human input. For me, I would continue with “sacrifice one, save many” self driving logic because its large numbers compared to one, however some may say it will be a different case if I was the “one”, I would still choose sacrifice one, but before I do that there are some rules to be implemented like all self-driving cars should follow that sacrifice one rule and before a person buys an autonomous vehicle, he should agree the terms of the rule and know that the driver is at a greater risk. That way there will be less conflict or fight in case an accident happens. I would...
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...Driverless vehicles are becoming a known subject throughout society today. There are huge controversies of whether or not they will be safe, how they will operate, and how their use will affect the government as well as how they’ll affect the people who are using or are around them. Autonomous vehicular technology will change the way we live as well as the laws we have to follow. Whether or not the changes will be good is debatable. Law-making will be affected in that the older/traditional laws we have now will not be up to par with the technology we will soon face. The effect of autonomous vehicles on the economy could be for the greater good of society, or could help contribute to the further downfall of it, depending on where the technology is developed as well as how and where it is used. Autonomous cars could and will affect society, in that of the economy. The start of the use of the technology could potentially contribute to the unemployment rate, which would help diminish what good of the economy we have left. As Bernard Condon and Paul Wiseman ponder “Are we prepared for an economy in which 50% of people aren’t working?” (Condon/Wiseman). As technology ascends greatly, jobs are created and destroyed. With this,wages will plummet, and the unemployment rate will continue to escalate. “What happens to the millions of people who make a living driving cars and trucks--jobs that always have seemed sheltered from the onslaught of technology?” (Wiseman/Condon). If autonomous vehicles...
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...Steering Behaviors For Autonomous Characters Craig W. Reynolds Sony Computer Entertainment America 919 East Hillsdale Boulevard Foster City, California 94404 craig_reynolds@playstation.sony.com http://www.red.com/cwr/ cwr@red.com Keywords: Animation Techniques, Virtual/Interactive Environments, Games, Simulation, behavioral animation, autonomous agent, situated, embodied, reactive, vehicle, steering, path planning, path following, pursuit, evasion, obstacle avoidance, collision avoidance, flocking, group behavior, navigation, artificial life, improvisation. Abstract This paper presents solutions for one requirement of autonomous characters in animation and games: the ability to navigate around their world in a life-like and improvisational manner. These “steering behaviors” are largely independent of the particulars of the character’s means of locomotion. Combinations of steering behaviors can be used to achieve higher level goals This paper divides motion behavior into three levels. It will focus on the (For example: get from here to there while avoiding obstacles, follow this corridor, join that group of characters...) middle level of steering behaviors, briefly describe the lower level of locomotion, and touch lightly on the higher level of goal setting and strategy. Introduction Autonomous characters are a type of autonomous agent intended for use in computer animation and interactive media such as games and virtual reality. These agents represent a This stands...
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...Science in the Real World The articles I chose to read are as follows Robotic surgery just got more autonomous, Attitudes to new supervised autonomous robot, Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR), which can perform soft tissue surgery. The most detailed article is Smart Robot. In this article it explains in details about the climate putting surgery one step closer into the realm of self-driving cars and intelligent machines. In the other hand the article Attitudes to climate Robot-assisted surgery currently relies on the surgeon to manually control it, and outcomes can vary depending on the individual’s training and experience was easier to understand due to the way it was simply and short written. In Robotic surgery just got more autonomous it speaks about how Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) performs surgery. The autonomous robotic surgery may one day take human error out of the operating room, improving care for patients undergoing bowel surgery, tumor removal, and other soft tissue surgery. The articles I chose from ITT Virtual Library to read are as follows The Rise of Intelligent Machines PART 2. The most detailed article is the increasing use of artificial intelligence such as self-driving cars, robots, and autonomous machines. In the other hand the article Attitudes to climate the potential benefits and risk of self-driving cars, how robots transform the manufacturing industry in the U.S., such as aircraft manufacturer Boeing Co., and the revolution in military...
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...How Autonomous Cars Can Change Transportation Autonomous cars are the new and upcoming buzz in the vehicle world as well as a very controversial topic in public and road safety. It is the newest innovation to come to the vehicle world since the “push to start” button replacing the ignition system with a key. Autonomous cars, more commonly known as self driving cars, have been sparking arguments against why normal cars,where a human manually drives and has full control of the vehicle, are safer than these autonomous cars that are controlled by an artificial intelligence(AI) program, which is pretty much a robot. There are different statistics that show the differences in safety and travel time between the two. Autonomous cars can and are improving road safety and traffic times. They can do this by having father reaction times and reflexes than a human driver. If a public highway is opened just for autonomous cars, or even just a lane, traffic times and be significantly cut down since they will be able to travel at faster speeds with...
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...destination and then parking itself? If not, you should because that is where technology is heading. It is predicted that by the year 2020 transportation as we know it will be flipped upside down by self-driving cars. There are several large companies working on this technology right now, such as Google. However, the question if we should trust this new technology is still up for debate. Even though it is a foreign idea, self-driving cars should replace human drivers because of the lack of human error, the convenience, and the increase of your spare time. Most car accidents are caused by a mistake from the person operating the vehicle. In his article "How Google's Self-Driving Car Will Change Everything," Dallegro quotes Professor Robert W. Peterson saying, "Over 90% of accidents today are caused by driver error." If all drivers were replaced with autonomous vehicles then accidents would happen very little, if any at all. In her article "Along for the Ride", Kristen Weir says, "In 2012, 33,561 people were killed in car crashes in the Unites States and an estimated 2.36 million were injured." Without driver error as a factor, using a car as your form of transportation is a lot safer....
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...taxation over representation, the issue on slavery, and now societies current issue, the war on Terror. Whether citizens support it or not, War has become a major aspect of this country due to the fact of the patriotism surrounding the subject and the purpose of serving and defending your country doctrine. In recent years, superior nations such as the Untied States have produced new technological ways of how to conduct warfare without the responsibility of any casualties. In retrospect, these innovative weapons are great because it protects the defense team from casualties and mishaps within war and it “gets the job done”. But with all these positive aspects of these new technologies, are we loosing the concept of war? With the use of these autonomous machines replacing human soldiers in the battlefield, this creates an opposition that war is not against man anymore, it against machine. I feel that warfare is not more just because with the absence of human fighters because it looses true concept of war in a political sphere and ultimately cause more danger...
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...venture into the self-driving cars, they announced that it is building a vehicle without a steering wheel or role for a driver. The thing is that Google technology has not been able to successfully switch control back and forth from automated driving to the driver in an emergency and does not expect to be able to accomplish that soon, also technology is to expensive. Other companies building autonomous cars said that they are working on vehicles that will be able to safely make that switch. Volvo says that it expects to have its cars tested on city streets by 2020. The Google management team faced several questions. Should Google continue to invest in the technology behind self-driving cars? How could Google's core software-based and search business benefit from self-driving car technology? As large auto manufacturers began to invest in automotive technology themselves, could Google compete? Was this investment of time and resources worth it for Google? Environmental Scanning (external and internal analysis): PEST Analysis After reading the case study Google car I have used the PEST analysis model in which the following was concluded: 1. Political Factors: Government’s regulations on automobile transportation are one of the major aspects in Google's car that have legal barriers. Due to that most of the governments do not have specific laws for self-driving vehicle and there are no federal standards for autonomous cars special permission in all US states adjusted for road test. Laws...
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...Autonomous vehicles could transform the way we move. The work that is done now has the opportunity to drive a transformation in the relationship between humans and machines. However, before we jump into using the technology, we need to evaluate whether we are willing to give up control to our cars and whether it is ethical to release technology that could cause harm to innocent people. Autonomous cars offer many benefits, including removing human error from driving, increasing the mobility of people, and decreasing congestion in roadways. While autonomous cars may eventually be safer than self-driving ones, they will never be able to completely avoid accidents-- and when they fail, it could be catastrophic. In cars that have no fallback option...
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...Went Terribly Wrong." Time. Time, 26 May 2015. Web. 27 Sept. 2015. This article is an analysis of a viral video that started floating around in May of 2015. The video featured a brand new 2015 Volvo XC60 vehicle that is equipped with a forward detection and autonomous braking system that detects object in front of the car and stop it before a collision occurs. The video shows the test failed and ultimately crashed into the unsuspecting pedestrian who was seemingly expecting the vehicle to stop. Time magazine summarized the video and investigated the lingering questions everyone was thinking, “What went wrong?” and “Why did the car not stop?” Time investigated that the people involved with the test were under the impression the forward detection and braking systems would stop the car before hitting the pedestrian. When Time reached out to the automaker, they let us know the vehicle was actually not equipped with the optional pedestrian detection upgrade that would have prevented this accident. This article helped me prove the argument of human error in my research paper. A huge factor of autonomous driving systems is the fact that people believe that they are not as safe as the automakers say they are. When the video first surfaced, it went viral and opponents of autonomous driving cars used this as proof of their unreliability. This article with its analysis and evidence helped to debunk that theory. Rosenfeld, A., Bareket, Z., Goldman, C., Kraus, S., & LeBlanc, D. (2012)...
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...The original idea of the autonomous vehicle dates all the way back to 1939. This happened only fifty-four years after the first car was driven (“Benz Patent”). There was a big event happening in New York City, New York in 1939. At the New York World’s Fair, where the slogan of the fair was “The World of Tomorrow,” and General Motors (GM) pavilion created a ride that was called Futurama (“The Original Futurama”). Futurama was a ride that took its passengers through many small scale cities and towns that represented the future of the United States. While the ride was happening, speakers would be telling the audience facts about what they thought would be in the future. The audience was told about different features that were within the futuristic...
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...Autonomous cars have the capability to transport humans, cargo, etc… without interference from a driver. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has different classifications for driverless cars. They are levels 0 through 4. Level 0 being driver controls the vehicle to level 4 the vehicle performs all critical maneuvers without the interception of a driver (Chittilla & Sun, n.d. , slide 4). “Decades before Google started fitting Lexus SUVs with sensors and self driving software, the driverless car du jour was an otherwise ordinary looking Pontiac … In the 1920s and 1930s, a driverless car was more commonly known as “phantom auto,” and demonstrations of the technology drew thousands of spectators in cities across the United States … These cars weren’t computer-driven, as they are today, but remote controlled” (Lafrance, 2016, p. 1). Phantom auto was the first concept of a driverless car....
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