...hijacked four passenger jets. The members of this group were able to pass through airport security with box cutters and “explosives” (this has never been proven to date), to board the passenger jets that would be used in the attack that day. Once the terrorists had taken over the jets in mid-flight, they re-routed the jets to their intended targets. Two of the jets crashed into the World Trade Center in New York. One of the jets was able to hit the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. and the last jet never made it to its intended target because of the brave passengers on board that day. The passengers were able to take back control of the jet from the hi-jackers and the jet was crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (9/11: timeline of events, 2013). Immediately following these attacks, a nationwide shut down of all aircraft was issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Hoffman, 2011, Roberts, 2011, and Hoyer, 2011). This nationwide shut down began to slowly lift on September 12, 2001; this was when the planes that were re-routed the day before were allowed to travel to their intended destinations. By September 15, 2001 most airports were allowed to re-open with new safety rules and regulations. When George W. Bush signed into law the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA) in November of 2001, this helped to establish the agency of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA),...
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...Airport Security Abstract Through the history of aviation the significance of airport security has progressively increased. Since the catastrophic terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, many changes have taken place at airports to prevent such an attack from occurring again. The purpose of this paper is to: outline airport security procedures, discuss the different technologies involved with airport security, as well as examine the components of airport security. In addition I will also discuss the Transportation Security Administration’s role in our nation’s airport security. Airport Security Airport Security is an essential of life both in America and throughout the world. Without airport security our airports would not be able to function and terrorist attacks like those of September 11th, 2001, would be more common. Passengers would be afraid to fly in fear of such a terrorist attack happening again. The airline industry would lose more revenue from lost ticket sales. Then the airports themselves would lose money from the lack of passengers boarding through their gates. Finally this lack of security would trickle down to the entire economy not only in the communities surrounding the airport and aviation industry, but to the nation’s economy as well. To keep this economic failure associated with another terrorist attack from happening, our nation must take the appropriate measures to prevent it. “Airport security procedures are designed to deter...
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...only in few decades ago that it has been getting stronger and to influence our daily lives with any costs. In our report, we will explain more details about the relationship of terrorism and transportation. Transportation has always been a target or method for terrorism to transfer their message to the public. While transportation keeps economic moving, nationally and globally, business relies on transport and transport systems at every level no matter transferring goods, transporting customers or staff commuting. From jet airliners to mass transit buses and rail terminals, vehicles and transport facilities are all-too familiar targets of terrorist attacks in all country and abroad. The impact of large-scale disruption of transport infrastructures can be critical for national and global business because transport systems have long been viewed as targets for terrorists groups worldwide. Also we will elaborate more on how terrorism can be spread or being use through the four methods of transportation like rail, road, aviation and maritime. For the incident strikes on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York on September 11, 2001, this has exposed critical security flaws within the United States transportation system which required urgent attention. The first attack on public transportation involving weapons of mass destruction occurred in 1995 when the Japanese doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo released sarin gas into the Tokyo subway system. Then we will explain about what are the...
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...Private Contractor versus Government-Operated System on Aviation Security Travis Park Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ASCI 202: Intro to Aeronautical science I. Summary: Throughout the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, the government developed its security system by introducing inspection devices, canine teams, and etc. However, on September 11, 2001, the most terrible tragedy has changed the United States. It was the most shocking moment in the history, and it changed the whole security system in aviation industry. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2011 (ATSA) was passed, and the federal government created Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and gave direct responsibility of aviation and airport security to TSA. Although the government has done its best for aviation security, the government-owned system has its pros and cons. This research paper would discuss the pros and cons of security system between private contractor and government-owned system. II. Problem: The United States called for more effective security system on the aviation industry, which ensures the safety and protect the country. However, the government agencies do not always succeed its efficiency and created many loss compare to private sector. The ATSA required TSA to run a two-year long pilot program, culminating the Screening Partnership Program (SPP), which allowed airports have private contractors for its security personnel and maintain issue that operate under the TSA requirements...
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...Aviation Law Section 8.) Administrative Agencies Assignment: Administrative Agencies Introduction As the aviation industry and environment has evolved over the years, the importance of administrative agencies has increased. Some of the driving forces behind this change in importance include the rapid development of new technologies, the desire to increase safety, and environmental concerns such as increased efficiency. Instructions For this assignment, complete the following: Research the roles of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and Department of Transportation (DOT). Answer the following questions: 1. Explain the role of the FAA and why you think it is or isn't necessary. 2. Explain the role of the NTSB in aviation and why you think it is or isn't necessary. 3. Explain the role of the DOT in aviation and why you think it is or isn't necessary. 1. Explain the role of the FAA and why you think it is or isn’t necessary. Answer: The FAA was not always known as the FAA. It sprung up as a result from the Civil Aeronautics Act by relieving its responsibilities from the Commerce Department and formed its own Civil Aeronautics Authority. Roosevelt later divided the agencies into the Civil Aeronautics Administration and Civil Aeronautics Board in 40’s. As a result of jet travel and accidents the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 brought forth the FAA. The main roles of the FAA is to regulate air transportation...
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...Changes in Aviation Since 9/11 Attacks Kristopher Preston Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Changes in Aviation Since 9/11 Attacks Introduction The September 11th terror attacks were a sequence of four attacks by al-Qaeda terrorists on the United States. They were carried out by al-Qaeda, an Islamic terrorist group. The terrorist attacks were launched in New York City and in the metropolitan area in Washington D.C on Tuesday, 11 September 2001. 19 al-Qaeda terrorists commandeered four planes and flew them into buildings in suicide attacks. Among the planes that were hijacked, were United Airlines Flight 175 and American Airlines Flight 11. These planes were crashed into the South and North towers of the World Trade center, respectively. American Airlines Flight 77 was crashed into the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, widely known as The Pentagon. The fourth plane was United Airlines Flight 93. Despite being targeted at Washington, D.C, its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers and ended up being crashed into an open field in Pennsylvania. The attacks killed approximately 3000 people. Among them included all 19 hijackers and the 227 passengers who were aboard the four planes. The 9/11 terrorist attacks are considered the most fatal case for firefighters in United States history. The bipartisan Commission was given the mandate of researching and presenting its conclusions, findings and recommendations that would ensure that a similar scenario...
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...Invasive Security: Does it Work Bruno Gerardo Introduction to Canadian Aviation (MOS 1022F) Dr. Suzanne Kearns 23 November, 2011 Abstract On September 11, 2001, the world watched in terror as America was under attack. As a result of these events, the aviation industry was restructured to improve reliability and security of commercial air travel. Although the new security changes have improved the overall safety of air travel, concerns have been raised that the changes introduced are invasive to privacy, and are an infringement of individual rights. Biometric and advanced imaging technology have been criticized for this reason, however, they have been effective at preventing further terrorist attacks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the security measures that have been introduced as a result of September 11th 2001, and evaluate the effectiveness of the changes and how they impact both safety and privacy. Keywords: Biometrics, Advanced imaging technology, September 11 Invasive Security: Does it Work On September 11, 2001, the world watched in terror as America was under attack. Early that morning, four commercial airliners departed from Newark and Boston with arrivals at San Francisco and Los Angeles were taken over by nineteen hijackers (National Commission, 2004). Two of these aircrafts collided with the Twin Towers in New York City resulting in the destruction of both buildings. An additional aircraft flew into the Pentagon in Washington D.C, and...
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...Journal of Air Transportation Vol. 10, No. 3 -2005 STUDY RESULTS ON KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY-LEVEL AIRPORT OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL Stephen M. Quilty Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio ABSTRACT This paper identifies important topical knowledge areas required of individuals employed in airport operations and management positions. A total of 116 airport managers and airfield operations personnel responded to a survey that sought to identify the importance of various subject matter for entry level airport operations personnel. The results from this study add to the body of research on aviation management curriculum development and can be used to better develop university curriculum and supplemental training focused on airport management and operations. Recommendations are made for specialized airport courses within aviation management programs. Further, this study identifies for job seekers or individuals employed in entry level positions those knowledge requirements deemed important by airport managers and operations personnel at different sized airports. INTRODUCTION In a speech given at the fifth annual General Aviation Forecast Conference, then University Aviation Association (UAA) President James E. Crehan called upon the aviation industry to define future personnel needs in terms of entry level qualifications and experiences so that UAA member institutions could respond to those needs. Previously, Lehrer (1992) had brought to the...
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...Airport Security Cade Andrew Howe Embry riddle University Airport Security Aviation security is the techniques and methods used to provide safety to passengers at airports across the globe. Millions of people pass through various airports every day. This can lead to imminent terrorist strikes that can kill hundreds of people. The ability to use a hijacked plane as a weapon is something terrorists aim to achieve. This act of terrorism was accomplished on September 11, 2001 when several terrorists successfully hijacked three commercial planes in America. Since this day, the Transportation Security Administration implemented different layers of security throughout the country to ensure this act of terrorism never happens again. The main goal of the TSA is to reassure the traveling public that they are safe and to protect airports. Airports have changed mainly to government run enterprises. Therefore roads, bridges and other transportation related projects being funded by the government have done the public good. However, privatizing an airport through security and management has its benefits as well such as lowering the government’s budget and improving efficiency and competition. Private management can reorganize the airports costs and revenues thus funding more for security, increasing revenue and cutting costs. With government owned aviation security privately owned airports has been found to be a better solution to government controlled. After TSA’s takeover in 2001...
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...Dr. Timothy Smith PAD 540 International Public Administration Shana Chew February 16, 2015 Policy analysis is the process of researching or analyzing programs to give policy makers specific information about the range of available policy options and their advantages and disadvantages (Denhardt & Denhardt, 2009). The sources of this difficulty can be and are communication between the external and internal departments. Two ways an organization may attempt to overcome are: developing alternatives and updating existing policies. News media influences behavior around the world. Just go back to the last 40-50 years to see the how the activity in the United States has dropped as the media has infrastrated our society. News media in public policy plays the role of watchdogs (Birkland, 2011). Their actions consist of persuading and influencing another to some course of action or the acceptance of something. The primary function of news media is agenda setting. Equally important, news media intertwines with institutional attention. Even though, unofficial actors such as interest groups and news media are not required to participate in public policy there are equally important. “The way people, groups, and the press participate in public life has evolved and grown with the nation” (Birkland, 2011, p.108). Interest groups strive to change public opinion and politician views on certain topics. Information is the most important resource that...
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...Running Head: AIR CARGO SECURITY ISSUES Air Cargo Security Issues Following the 9/11 Act Abstract In August 2007, the Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007 was signed into law requiring the Department of Homeland Security to establish more stringent procedures for the security screening of air cargo. The law required that by February 2009, 50 percent of all air cargo on passenger aircraft would be security screened, and by August 2010, all air cargo traveling on passenger aircraft must be 100 percent screened individually. The requirement presents numerous logistical, financial, and technological challenges to airlines and all entities involved in air cargo shipping. The Transportation Security Administration has lessened some of the burden by creating the Certified Cargo Screening Program, enabling the screening of cargo by certified shippers prior to aircraft delivery. On August 3, 2007, President Bush signed the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, commonly known as the 9/11 Act, into law. The Act required the Transportation Security Administration to establish a system for the 100 percent security screening of all cargo transported on passenger aircraft within three years. Additionally, the 9/11 Act required that 50 percent of air cargo would be screened on passenger aircraft by February, 2009. Air cargo handlers in all aspects of the logistical arena have responded well to the 50% mandate, but the 100% requirement...
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...large-scale privatization; previously a significant portion of airlines industry was government-owned. Privatizing the industry has led to drastic increase in the number of air service providers and the airline travellers. Legal provision Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) was established to control the activities of the commercial Airline industry; it used to set the rates and even the mergers in the industry till the first forty years after its establishment. Then Airline Deregulation Act 1978 was adopted to make the industry more efficient and privately owned. This act removed the powers of CAB, subsequently CAB was wound up in 1984. This act still gives the authority of regulating air safety to government through Federal Aviation Administration. All airlines need to have 2 certificates: 1. Fitness certificate (issued by Department Of Transportation): To ensure the airline is financially and management-wise strong enough to carry on the services adequately. 2. Operating certificate (issued by Federal Aviation Administration): To ensure that the airline maintains it crew and aircraft condition (avjobs.com, 2011) Deregulation of the airlines industry has resulted in lower airfares, increased...
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...THE AIR TRANSPORTATION STABILIZATION ACT OF 2001 1 The Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act of 2001 And it’s Effects on the Airline Industry Matthew J. Garcia Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Aviation Legislation/ASCI 254 February 23, 2012 Professor Peters THE AIR TRANSPORTATION STABILIZATION ACT OF 2001 2 Abstract Due to the devastating acts on September 11, 2001, a bill was passed after. The Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act of 2001 was an aid to help the airlines industries in their decline in sales, loss of profit and intimate bankruptcy. The act provides assistance to U.S. passenger and cargo airlines through $5 billion in grants, up to $10 billion in federal credit assistance, extended deadlines for tax payments, and reimbursements for certain increases in insurance premiums. The act was a huge bailout relief for these airline companies. Although it made the commercial airline industry happy, it may not have been so for many others. In an already declining economy this bailout increased the countries debt as well as cost money for the American taxpayers. Maybe there could have been a better way to deal with this situation, however it could have been the best thing to do, all in all only time will tell. THE AIR TRANSPORTATION STABILIZATION ACT OF 2001 ...
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...partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Aviation & Aerospace Management degree Alice Tam November 8, 2011 1105 Anthrop Drive Apt. 4 West Lafayette, Indiana, 47906 (812) 599-2706 tama214@gmail.com UAV PUBLIC PERCEPTION Abstract This study explored public risk perception of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for civilian commercial operations, including cargo and passenger transportation. Civilian operators are considering the use of UAVs to increase safety while reducing labor costs, but negative perceptions may delay the advancement of these aircraft. To document perception of UAV or 2 UAS aircraft for commercial operations, a questionnaire was distributed to adults (ages 18+) who use commercial air travel. The survey classified age group, gender, and UAV familiarity as demographic variables. This study assessed risk perception of UAVs and its correlation to the variables through statistical analysis to identify whether there was an association between the demographic variables and risk perception. Upon analysis, it was determined that the data from the sample showed no strong evidence that demographic variables influenced risk perception. Many respondents’ risks perceptions involved technology reliability and higher perceived safety with a human pilot onboard. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV, Risk Perception UAV PUBLIC PERCEPTION 3 Introduction The aviation industry has been studying the potential use of Unmanned Aerial...
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...Statutory and Regulatory Aspects of the PFC Program | 5 | A Recommendation Regarding PFC Limits | 6 | Works Cited | 7 | Executive Summary As established by the Aviation Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of 1990, the Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) program – codified at 49 U.S.C. §40117 and regulated by 14 C.F.R. Part 158 – allows airports enplaning more than 2,500 passengers per year to charge passengers up to $4.50 per each flight segment but not more than $18.00 per round trip ticket (Price & Forrest, 2012). PFC funds are collected by the airlines, forwarded to the airports by the collecting airlines, and must be expended by airports for projects directly related to safety, security, capacity, noise reduction, and carrier competition enhancement (Price & Forrest, 2012). This paper will provide an overview of the PFC program and examine the program’s history, detail the arguments for and against an increase in current PFC limits, examine the potential implications or benefits of an increase or of keeping the limit where it is now, and discuss the statutory and regulatory aspects of the PFC program. Finally, this paper will make a recommendation as to whether or not the PFC limits should be removed or increased. An Overview and History of the Passenger Facility Charge Program As established by the Aviation Safety and Capacity...
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