...infectious and non-infectious. The infectious health care wastes are termed as ‘bio-medical wastes’ and are considered to be potentially hazardous in nature. The disposal of untreated bio-medical wastes mixed with non-infectious health care wastes or other general municipal wastes poses an environmental threat and public health risk.Indiscriminate disposal of untreated bio-medical waste is often the cause for the spread of several infectious diseases. It is also responsible for the nosocomial diseases i.e. the hospital acquired diseases to the health care personnel who handle these wastes at the point of generation. Moreover, this is equally harmful to persons involved in the bio-medical waste management i.e. segregation, storage, transport, treatment and disposal. Apart from the above, a good amount of bio-medical wastes such as disposable syringes, saline bottles, I.V. fluid bottles etc. are picked up by rag pickers and are recycled back into the market without any disinfection. It is imperative, therefore, to adopt an appropriate environmentally safe method for the disposal of the hospital wastes. Sources of generation of Bio-medical wastes: Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Veterinary Hospitals, Dental Clinics, Pathological & Diagnostic Laboratories, Blood Bank etc. Type of Health Care Waste: These are of two types (i) Infectious Wastes (ii) Non-infectious Wastes INFECTIOUS HEALTH CARE WASTES (Bio-medical Waste): · Human anatomical / surgical waste, · Animal waste · Pathological...
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...International Journal of Medical Sociology and Anthropology ISSN: 2546-9763 Vol. 2 (2), pp. 066-075, February, 2013. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Review Review on Medicalisation: A critical appraisal with special reference to India Zulufkar Ahmad Khanday Department of Sociology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India. E-mail: k.zulufkar.amu@gmail.com, Tel.: 8171286053 Accepted 10 December, 2013 The concept of medicalization emerged from the intellectual and social turmoil of the 1950s and 1960s as a critique of medicine as authoritarian and the expansion of its conceptual model to the analysis of social ills and attendant policy. “Medicalization” refers the process by which non-medical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illness and disorders”. This review is based mainly on three objectives; (a) first is to explain the nature of medicalization- i.e. what medicalization actually is and why there is need of de-medicalization, (b) second is to explain the how the medicalization has negative effects on the health of people- i.e. ‘the medical establishment has become a major threat to health’ and providing a dossier of medicine’s adverse effects – the wrongs and harms it has done – through processes of clinical, social and cultural ‘iatrogenesis’ or doctor-induced conditions, and finally (c) third is to explain the impact of the...
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...ASIA SOUTH INDIA J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011 Oct;2(4):174-8. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.90766. Puttur kattu (bandage) - A traditional bone setting practice in south India. Panda AK1, Rout S. Abstract Traditional bone setting practices are quite popular in India and nearly 6000 traditional bone setting Vaidyas (Practisioners) are practicing the same in our country. Puttur kattu is a traditional way of bone setting practice, invented accidentally by K. Kesava Raju in 1881. Now, the fourth generation of his family is practicing this bone setting practice in hospitals at Puttur, Andhra Pradesh, with 200-300 patients per day. A prospective study was undertaken to analyze the techniques in diagnosis, way of management, medicine preparation, plants used and way of applications by traditional bone setter (TBS) Vaidyas, with special reference to Puttur. We also tried to understand the reasons which make lots of people go to Puttur for getting treatment, means of contact for treatment, pathology of fracture and outcome of some treated cases through this study. 54% of the studied patients came to Puttur TBS on the advice of old patients. It is observed that more educated people are patronizing this therapy and 23% patients of the observed cases took discharge from modern hospital voluntarily to receive Puttur kattu treatment. 80% patients believed that this therapy with home remedy would fasten the healing process. 44% patients opted for this therapy due to fear of pain, heavy plaster...
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...Neisseria Meningitidis Neisseria Meningitidis is a bacteria that is best known for its role in endemic bacterial meningitis (Bingen, 2008). N. Meningitidis is described as gram negative diplococci. Neisseria Meningitidis is non-motile and is transferred among people via direct contact with bodily fluids in which the bacteria has inhabited (Bingen, 2008). N. Meningitidis is classified among the prokaryotes and is a member of the kingdom bacteria because it is unicellular and small as most bacteria (Bingen, 2008). N. Meningitidis can be detected by doing a spinal tap to extract some cerebrospinal fluid from an individual’s spine (Bingen, 2008). If the spinal fluid appears to be cloudy it is most likely infected with bacterial meningitis and is cloudy because it has been placed under increased pressure (Bingen, 2008). The white blood cell count and protein concentration of the CSF will also be elevated if Neisseria Meningitidis is present (Bingen, 2008). N. Meningitidis resides in the nose and throat of humans (Bingen, 2008). It can be found in about 2-8% of humans that are carriers of the bacteria in a normal setting (Bingen, 2008). The bacteria are found in much higher percentages in areas where many people are living together (Bingen, 2008). N. Meningitidis cannot grow in temperatures below 30 degrees Celsius. These bacteria can only grow where fatty acids and trace metals are also present. The nose and throat of humans is perfect because of the warm temperatures...
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...Air Cargo Management-13 Yoon Seok, Chang School of Air Transport, Transportation & Logistics, KAU Email: yoonchang@kau.ac.kr 1 Why Use 3PL’s? • Save time – Don’t need to invest in: Trucks, Training, Development • Narrow your focus – Allows you to focus on your strengths • Reach more customers more effectively – Can ensure delivery times – can help a company run leaner Types of 3PL Providers • – – – – • Transportation Based Services extend beyond transportation to offer a comprehensive set of logistics offerings. Leveraged 3PLs use assets of other firms. Non-leveraged 3PLs use assets belonging solely to the parent firm. Examples: FedEx Logistics, UPS Logistics Financial Based – Provide freight payment and auditing, cost accounting and control, and tools for monitoring, booking, tracking, tracing, and managing inventory. – Examples: Cass Information Systems, CTC, GE Information Services, FleetBoston Types of 3PL Providers • Warehouse/Distribution Based – Many have former warehouse and/or distribution experience. – Examples: Exel, Caterpillar Logistics, IBM • Forwarder Based – Very independent middlemen with forwarder roles. – Non-asset owners that provide a wide range of logistics services. – Examples: AEI Types of 3PL Providers • Information Based – Significant growth and development in this category of Internet-based, business-to-business, electronic markets for transportation and logistics service Levels of Outsourcing • Transactional...
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...INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, or vaping, in the worldwide is increasing. Less than a decade ago, the e-cigarette was an obscure product marketed as a safe, tobacco-free alternative to conventional cigarettes by a single company in China. Seven years ago, the electronic nicotine delivery device entered the US market. Today, health officials, policy makers, and researchers are all scrambling to keep up with a rapidly expanding, wildly controversial, and largely unregulated $3 billion global industry that has, at last count, 466 brands, 7,764 flavors (bubblegum, cherry crush, bacon, java jolt, menthol), and slick, youth-oriented Big Tobacco marketing designed to create the perception that e-cigarettes are not only safe, but cool. Non-nicotine, but an abundant amount of toxic chemicals produced by the combustion of tobacco are the cause of well-known health problems. E-cigarette vapor contains no or only minimal quantities of potentially harmful substances. Hence it can be assumed that vaping in adults is much less harmful than smoking of cigarettes. Furthermore, no data exist that e-cigarettes will encourage youngsters to become cigarette smokers. E-cigarette vaping has the potential to reduce the daily number of cigarettes smoked or facilitates cessation of smoking in heavily nicotine-dependent smokers, who keep on smoking despite a structured smoking cessation program. Health professionals should be aware of this type of nicotine substitution, since the...
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...the handling and testing of the animal. When you clone an animal this doesn’t mean you are changing the animal by altering their genetic makeup or genetically engineering them, it just means you are getting an exact replica of that particular animal you have chosen. When an animal is cloned, it alters their immune system somehow and where they do not get sick as often and they become parasite resistant so you spend less money on veterinary visits. Another important reason why cloning is in the livestock industry is for strict breeding purposes so the cloned animals can breed and produce animals for meat purposes. Cloning has been part of our world for over three or four decades. Hans Dreisch performed the first successful reported case of cloning in 1894, which he cloned a sea urchin by isolating blastomeres. In 1902, Dr. Hans Spemann split the embryo using a strand of hair from his newborn son, and the resulting cells grew into normal adult salamanders. 1928 Dr, Spemann was at it again by conducting the first ever conducted nuclear transfer. This proved that the nucleus of an early...
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...informed of official policies and meeting all relevant requirements. When required changes to the Catalog occur, they will be communicated through catalog inserts and other means until a revised edition of the Catalog is published. The policies in this Catalog have been approved under the authority of the ECPI University Board of Trustees and, therefore, constitute official University policy. Students should become familiar with the policies in this Catalog. These policies outline both student rights and student responsibilities. The University reserves the right and authority at any time to alter any or all of the statements contained herein, to modify the requirements for admission and graduation, to change or discontinue programs of study, to amend any regulation or policy affecting the student body, to increase tuition and fees, to deny admission, to revoke an offer of admission and to dismiss from the University any student at any time, if it is deemed by the University to be in the best interest of the University, the University community, or the student to do so. The provisions of this publication are subject to change without notice and nothing in this publication may be considered as setting forth terms of a contract between a student or a prospective student and ECPI University....
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...The following project topic is completed on st john’s wort the herb. In this text I will explore and discuss what makes st john’s wort a very appealing and effective drug in today’s market based on the following topics. Description, background, active ingredients, routes of administration, pharm kinetics, pharm dynamics, clinical trials, and toxicity. | St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Description St. John's wort is an herb with a five-petaled yellow flower that grows native in most of Europe West Asia, North Africa, Madeira and the Azores, (Christopher Hobbs 1998) it is considered an invasive species in North America and Australia. A herbaceous perennial commonly found wild up to a height of 1 to 3 feet in, woods, hedges, roadsides. Leaves are a pale green; oblong in shape with slightly translucent dots hence oil glands which can be seen on holding leaf up to a light. It has bright yellow flowers 5 petals; ovary pear-shaped with three long styles. It can be seen in Bloom from June to August in which many small round black seeds can be seen. Odour is turpentine taste is bitter, astringent and balsamic. (A modern herbal mrs.M.Grieve) Background Hypericum perforatum or commonly named as St john’s wort got it common name from early Christians named after John the Baptist due to the blooming of its brightly coloured flowers before and on the 24th of June the day celebrated as his birthday. Whilst the botanical name hypericum perforatum comes from the Greek...
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...2012 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TERM PAPER ALOK KEJARIWAL 1PI11MBA13 INTRODUCTION Industry Biotechnology Founded 1978 Founder(s) Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw Headquarters Bangalore, India Biocon Limited (BSE: 532523) is a global biopharmaceutical company with products and research services ranging from pre-clinical to clinical development through to commercialization.[ref 1] Within biopharmaceuticals, the Company manufactures generic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) like Statins and Immunosuppressants that are sold in the developed markets of the United States and Europe. It also manufactures biosimilar Insulins, which are sold in India as branded formulations and in both bulk and formulation forms. Located with R & D in Bangalore and API unit in Hyderabad, India, Biocon has two subsidiaries— Syngene, a custom research organization, and Clinigene, a clinical research organization. Biocon’s presence straddles four main therapeutic areas—Diabetology, Cardiology, Nephrology and Oncology. History Biocon is a fully integrated healthcare company that delivers innovative biopharmaceutical solutions. November 29, 1978 Biocon India is incorporated as a joint venture between Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. of Ireland and an Indian entrepreneur, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw. 1979—Becomes the first Indian company to manufacture and export enzymes to USA and Europe. 1989—Unilever plc. acquires Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. in Ireland and merges it with...
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...Strategic Management Biocon – Term Paper Name: Naresh.N Section: B Semester : 3rd Batch : 2011-2013 PES Institute of Technology 2012 1/1/2012 INTRODUCTION Industry Biotechnology Founded 1978 Founder(s) Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw Headquarters Bangalore, India Biocon Limited (BSE: 532523) is a global biopharmaceutical company with products and research services ranging from pre-clinical to clinical development through to commercialization.[ref 1] Within biopharmaceuticals, the Company manufactures generic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) like Statins and Immunosuppressants that are sold in the developed markets of the United States and Europe. It also manufactures biosimilar Insulins, which are sold in India as branded formulations and in both bulk and formulation forms. Located with R & D in Bangalore and API unit in Hyderabad, India, Biocon has two subsidiaries— Syngene, a custom research organization, and Clinigene, a clinical research organization. Biocon’s presence straddles four main therapeutic areas—Diabetology, Cardiology, Nephrology and Oncology. History Biocon is a fully integrated healthcare company that delivers innovative biopharmaceutical solutions. November 29, 1978 Biocon India is incorporated as a joint venture between Biocon Biochemicals Ltd. of Ireland and an Indian entrepreneur, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw. 1979—Becomes the first Indian company to manufacture and export enzymes to...
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...Richard J. Meadows Bellevue University MBA 626, T303, Operations Management Field Exercise 20 May 2012 Overview Kinetic Concepts, Incorporated (KCI) headquarters is located in San Antonio, Texas. They have been in business since 1976 and have operations in the United States, Austria, Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, Italy and Canada with a total of 2,106 employees world wide. Kinetic Concepts developed therapeutic healing systems that address conditions such as skin breakdowns, circulatory problems and pulmonary complications with immobility. They are the international leader in providing specialized hospital equipment to speed recovery in immobilized patients. KCI has state of the art products ranging from surfaces that help burned skin heal, machines that speed wound recovery and mattresses that turn patients automatically. They have worked on well known patients like Christopher Reeves and Boris Yeltsin. Interview Date and Location The interview and visit was conducted on Friday, 20 April 2012, 0900 – 1500 hours with Mr. Adams, District Sales and Government Contracts Manager located in Seattle, Washington. During my visit Mr. Adams introduced me to his staff, gave me a tour of their facility, set up and performed operations from the call center to the maintenance and cleaning of their products when returned to the company. I was even treated...
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...Caregivers of Dementia patients Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. Caused by problematic supply of blood to the brain, symptoms include challenging communication, depression and anxiety, strokes, physical weakness or paralysis, confusion, changes in behaviour and difficulties in walking and unsteadiness. This paper discusses the problems faced by caregivers of patients suffering from vascular dementia who are above the age of 65 and possible recommendations to improve their plight through the review of the movie, Amour (a movie about an octogenarian couple, Georges and Anne, where Anne develops vascular dementia) and current literature pertaining to the topic. Georges “Put yourself in my place. Didn’t you ever think it could happen to me, too? Anne: “Of course I did. But imagination and reality have little in common.” Anne’s sudden speech arrest and frozen stare at the breakfast table with no recollection afterward are the first signs of a partial seizure. Caregivers, like Georges, who are not prepared for looking after patients are under pressure because of their increasing needs. Georges does not seem to mind this responsibility of taking care of her initially, but Anne’s condition deteriorates fast. She experiences profound right sided weakness and is bound to the wheelchair. Georges struggles to lift her from the wheelchair and make her sit on a chair or go the bathroom. Increased stress in his behaviour is...
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...IT HELP IT Services ITD Student Support 2012 / 2013 IT Services ITD Student Support Computer Laboratory Attendants are located in ITD managed PC Rooms. They ensure the smooth running of the PC Rooms and are your life line when having problems with printing, email or accessing software programs! Student Computing IT Manual on the computer desktop has links to useful information Web Address: www.ul.ie/ITD IT HELP Booklet: This quick beginners IT guide for new students on the computer desktop has links to useful information Web Address www.ul.ie/ITD Student Portal/Notice Board web link to access Lecturers Notes and Exam Papers: https://sharepoint.ul.ie/SiteDirectory/ Students/default.aspx Student Computer problems Email: ITSS@ul.ie Failing PIN Numbers: Email: saa@ul.ie IT Services ITD Student Support www.ul.ie/ITD Academic Year 2012 / 2013 Location of ITD Managed PC Rooms Location # PCs Type of Access Kemmy Business School KB1-21A ITD 30 Bookable KB1-21B ITD 30 Bookable KB1-10 28 Restricted (Postgrads and Staff ) KB1-11 18 Restricted (Postgrads and Staff ) KB1-22 25 Trading Room Schuman Building S1-19 ITD 30 S2-04 45 Bookable Restricted CSIS CS3-005b 30 Restricted (Psychology) Engineering Research Building ER0-009 30 Restricted (Journalism Students) Schrodinger Building SR2-031 30 Restricted (Education) ...
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...has started. Project constrains is listing all constrains of the project that might not be implemented in to the game time it would take and whether it would be possible to use it. Dynamic events plan will include the design of the dynamic game events, level map, level goals and flow charts will help to reflect the decisions made. Initial Concept The game that has been developed is completely different from an initial proposal idea. Some of the dynamic elements proposed to be used were not even dynamic elements. Some aspects have been taken from an initial concept the game idea is different and events are different as well, but it is still an escape and side scrolled as planned. The brief recap of the initial idea takes “Crazy Bio mechanic Human” in to the action of having him to escape an underground lab. Actions take place in a lab when he wakes up and tries to escape evil doctors that have been testing on him. The main character has to use...
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