...may not follow rules such as “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” like the Code of Hammurabi, whose punishments for a crime were much more extravagant and gruesome at times. There was segregation in gender and social status. The topics addressed in the code are some of the same topics addressed that we, today, value and instill. In today’s government we have laws of crime and punishment, monetary laws, and laws regarding marriage. We have these laws so we can have structure and a successful government and society. It’s amazing how such early civilization started these fundamentals and on some linear level, had the same values. Not discovered until 1901, the Code of Hammurabi shows us how Hammurabi viewed himself and the people of Babylon. This insight is significant. Hammurabi believed he could run his empire and gain power not through war but by using his intelligence. To find of how Babylonian society...
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...Ancient Babylon History of Babylonia The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia. It was situated on the Euphrates River about 50 miles south of modern Baghdad, just north of what is now the modern Iraqi town of al-Hillah. The tremendous wealth and power of this city, along with its monumental size and appearance, were certainly considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its foundations were unearthed and its riches substantiated during the 19th century. Archaeologists stood in awe as their discoveries revealed that certain stories in the Bible were an actual situation that had happened in time. The Tower of Babel The Bible reveals that all false systems of religion began in the land of Babylon and will have their consummation from the spirit of Babylon in the last days. It is interesting to note that every organized system of religion in the world today has traces of ancient Babylon. The Bible records in Genesis 10:10, that, after the great flood, all men spoke one common language and a man named Nimrod built a city and established a common religion. Nimrod was a descendant of Noah’s son, Ham. Genesis 11:1-9 describes the building of the city and its famous tower"whose top may reach unto heaven." It also records how God came down and punished the people’s arrogance by creating a confusion of different languages and possibly their racial distinctions. This way man would be forced to obey God’s original command to "be fruitful...
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...Attack! The warrior king said as they went into battle. Alexander the great has the story of a true hero. If you take a look behind the story of the man you will come upon the story of a model philosopher king. Alexander’s story starts as a young boy. Growing up under the wing of the historic philosopher Aristotle, who in turn came from a line of the most elite philosophers in history, and as the observant son of the great king Philip of Macedonia, Alexander had the makings of a great philosopher and king. Alexander had a competitive nature, which played a big role in his claim to greatness. As a young adult he claimed many victories, including taming the wild thoughtless untamable horse, which he named Bucephalus, and being a prized combat specialist. It came as no shock after his father’s assassination that he would avenge him, and in turn take the path of becoming one of the greatest kings in history. This leads to the next part of his story which his name the great was derived. As an attempt to avenge his father, Alexander sought after his murderer, who was believed to be king of the vast Persian Empire, Darius. This chase lead him to a conquest of which inspired the philosopher and warrior in him to conquer and explore the unknown lands and civilizations that were under Persian rule. As a philosopher he enjoyed trying new things, and was not partial in taking part in other cultures as he became more...
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...My art selection is The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel. The Tower of Babel is a Renaissance painting created with oil on an oak panel in 1563. Bruegal was considered the greatest Flemish Renaissance painter of the 16th century. He actually painted The Tower three times. The first painting was smaller and is now lost. The second painting was created on a panel in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The third painting was a bit smaller and is now in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningon in Rotterdam. Bruegel was born in 1525 in the Duchy of Brabant and moved to Antwerp in 1542 to become an artist’s apprentice. He visited Rome from 1552-1554. He traveled through the Alps which may have inspired his landscaped style of painting. After working in Antwerp for 10 years he moved to Brussels in 1563 and died in 1569. Bruegal has about 45 paintings that have survived, of which one third of are at Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The Tower of Babel painting is beautiful with all its detail. The background is sky blue with fluffy white clouds. In the distance are green grassy plains with a few small hills. To the left is a small town full of houses of all shapes and sizes. To the right is a body of water with many different types of watercraft. To the front is a king leading his people. The king has a few citizens bowing to him, but all others are working hard on the construction of the tower. Bruegel has painted many trades of skill working along...
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...12/10/12 Research paper The City of Babylon The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia. The tremendous wealth and power of this city, along with its extraordinary size and appearance, were certainly considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its foundations were brought to the public eye and its riches grew physically and mentally stronger during the 19th century. Archaeologists stood in awe as their discoveries revealed that certain stories in the Bible were an actual situation that had happened in time. Babylon is Akkadian which means "the Gate of God(s)" and it became the capital of the land of Babylonia. There is evidence that man has lived in this area of Mesopotamia since the beginning of civilization. The first records indicate that Babylon was established as a city around the 23rd century BC.Babylonia was an ancient empire that existed in the Near East in southern Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. In 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and carried the leading citizens of the Kingdom of Judah as prisoners to Babylon.Throughout the long period of Babylonia history, the Babylonians achieved a high level of civilization that made an impact on the whole known world. Sumerian culture was its basis, which later Babylonians regarded as traditional. In the area of religion, the Sumerians already had a system of gods, each with a main temple in each city.Babylonian religion was temple-centered...
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...Human World Views The Influences of Asia, Africa and the Americas toward Contemporary Society September 13, 2015 The progression of morality as it relates to the influence of family, religion and society varies between Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Our contemporary society has been influenced tremendously in many different areas by these different societies. Social order in Asia was established by Hammurabi’s Code of Laws. Hammurabi himself was an Amorite king of Babylon, he set these laws to place order in Babylon. Hammurabi’s lex talionus explains that the punishment of a crime should be equal to what crime has been done, these laws are described as “an eye for an eye” and “a tooth for a tooth” (Levack, B., Muir, E., & Veldman, M. (2004).). Hammurabi’s laws were set up for various issues including civil and criminal issues. Though due to one’s social status, laws for free people and laws for slaves were different, but they still held on to the same concept. Hammurabi code of laws helped to mostly shape our justice system. His laws were clear to understand the offenses being committed and consequences that were to be issued. This is present in our society because when one commits a crime or murder they suffer from the consequences in the jail and prison systems. Most of the time when a murder is committed the initial punishment is life in prison or retaliated with death by lethal injection, an eye for an eye. Our current law system is heavily influenced by Hammurabi...
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...Aeneid is a story of Aeneas, who was known as the leader of the Trojans and their travels from Troy to create the Roman Empire. Unfortunately, Charles Virgil did not complete this manuscript prior to his death in 19 BC. The Stele of Hammurabi stands tall and assertive. Hammurabi, the Babylon king expresses justice and laws in this powerful statement. In this sculptures top half, Hammurabi is receiving the code from Shamash, who was known as a god. The bottom consists of the spoken code. This was a great accomplishment for Hammurabi, but the sculpture tells me that he was not intimidated by Shamash, as they are equal size. This sculpture is carved on all sides and is one of the top relief sculptures in history. The story of Aeneid tells how a group of people that have been defeated can push forward and create something special with desire. The fact that this story was told in no particular order and was never completed leads you to believe that the writer put much thought into the story. It is a story of heroism, love and destiny, which is what, caught my attention. This dramatic story and prominent characters are sure to keep my attention. The one thing that is similar in both pieces of art is the desire for humanity. Each symbolizes a long hard struggle to achieve different goals. No matter what the situation, the amount of effort put into it makes all the difference. Stele represents success of authority and power, where Aeneid is a story of feelings, power and...
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...Code of Hammurabi Western Civilization and the World I 100 Professor Preface This paper will examine the Code of Hammurabi and how it affected the people of Babylon before, during and after its creation. The nature of the topic is to have a better understanding of how the Code of Hammurabi changed society, hindered women’s rights and independence and left a lasting impression for future generations. Chronology 1810 BC Hammurabi was born to the then-king of Babylon Sin-muballit. 1792 BC Hammurabi, king of Babylon, started his rule. 1787 BC King Hammurabi captured Uruk and Isin. 1784 BC King Hammurabi campaigned against Rapigum and Malgium. 1772 BC Code of Hammurabi was created. 1763 BC With the aid of Mari and Eshnunna King Hammurabi conquered Larsa, putting an end to the long reign of Rim-Sin I. 1755 BC Captured Eshnunna which was the last of his Mesopotamian rivals. 1750 BC King Hammurabi died and passed the reigns of the empire to his son, Samsu-iluna. 1738 BC Under Samsu-iluna’s rule his empire fell to the Sealand Dynasty. 1595 BC Babylonian empire restored to glory of the Hammurabi’s age. 1901 Code of Hammurabi monument is discovered by French archaeologists. 1910 The Code of Hammurabi was translated by Leonard William King. During the rule of King Hammurabi he wrote the Code of Hammurabi. This consisted of many laws that changed the society, hindered women’s rights and independence and left a lasting impression for future generations...
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...An Eye for the Truth The Laws of ancient civilizations may be confusing to some people nowadays, but, when put into the context of the location, time, and mindset of the people who created these laws, they become much more reasonable within that framework. In this essay, two distinct sets of laws from the ancient civilizations will be compared and contrasted; The Code of Hammurabi, by Hammurabi, the sixth Babylonian king in the 1700s B.C. and the Ten Commandments and Exodus, written, or at least attributed to Moses. The first difference that must be noted is the way that the laws are introduced, or the prologues, one obviously polytheistic, the other blatantly monotheistic. The Code of Hammurabi says in its prologue, “at that time Anum and Enlil named me to promote the welfare of the people.”1 It also mentions Igigi and Anumnaki, minor gods who attend to the major gods Enlil and Anum respectively, so very clearly a polytheistic setting there, as these gods appoint Hammurabi as the promoter of the people’s welfare. The Ten Commandments states, in contrast, “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, you shall have no other gods before me.”2 This starting sentence immediately says that there is only one god, and later in the passage it also mentions as one of the laws not to create any idol.3 These two societies then might be said to have different social values in the idea that as a monotheistic person, you would be expected...
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...The Richest Man in Babylon by George S. Clason 1 The Richest Man in Babylon by George S. Clason TABLE OF CONTENTS First Published in 1926. Table of Contents About the author ..................................................................................................................................3 Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................5 An Historical Sketch of Babylon ...........................................................................................................6 The Man Who Desired Gold .................................................................................................................9 The Richest Man in Babylon ...............................................................................................................12 Seven Cures For a Lean Purse..............................................................................................................17 THE FIRST CURE..........................................................................................................................18 Start thy purse to fattening .........................................................................................................18 THE SECOND CURE ....................................................................................................................19 Control thy expenditures.........................................
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...VALEN, Aira Geyle C. --- AC402 * Political System A political system in which government is controlled by a king or queen is called a monarchy. In Sumer and Babylon, the king was often the monarch and the high priest. The position of these so-called priest-kings was relatively unstable. If the god(s) didn't provide for welfare of the citizens, the people often held the king responsible, and deposed him. Ancient Mesopotamia was a region that contained several city-states, much like Italy during the Italian Renaissance period. Mesopotamia at this time did not have a centralized government but, instead, had many smaller regions with their own separate governments. The early kings ruled over only their own city-states. Lacking a centralized government and leader, the ancient region was prone to internal fighting among the kings for land and resources. The Mesopotamians believed their kings and queens were descended from the City of Gods, but, unlike the ancient Egyptians, they never believed their kings were real gods. Most kings named themselves “king of the universe” or “great king”. Another common name was “shepherd”, as kings had to look after their people. Sumerians: Gilgamesh (c. 2650 BC) - Gilgamesh was the 5th king of the Sumerian city of Uruk. He became known as a demigod with superhuman strength in later legends and tales such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. Akkadian Empire: Sargon the Great (reigned 2334 - 2279 BC) - or Sargon of Akkad, founded the world's 1st...
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...Mesopotamia/Babylon History Babylon was probably the most famous city of ancient Mesopotamia. Until today the city is a symbol for wealth, power, and sin (largely due to its treatment in the Bible). The name Babylon is the Greek form of Babel of Babili, which means "the gate of the god" in Semitic, which again is the translation of the original Sumerian name Ka-dimirra. The god was probably Marduk, the divine patron of the city. Like the other great Sanctuaries of Babylonia, the temple of Marduk had been founded in pre-Semitic times and the future Babylon grew around it. As Marduk was the son of Ea, the patron god of Eridu, it is possible that Babylon was a colony of Eridu. The earliest mention of Babylon is in a dated tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad (2334-2279 BCE), who is stated to have built sanctuaries there. Babylon remained a provincial town until it became the capital of the first dynasty of Babylon and then Hammurabi's empire, around 1795-1750 BCE. From this time onward it continued to be the capital of Babylonia and the holy city of western Asia. The claim to supremacy in Mesopotamia was not fulfilled de jure until the claimant had "taken the hands" of Marduk at Babylon. It was this which made Tiglath-pileser III (ruled 745-727 BCE) and other Assyrian kings so anxious to possess themselves of Babylon and to thus legitimize their power. Only Sennacherib of Assyria (reigned 704-681 BCE) failed to secure the support of the Babylonian priesthood, and subsequently...
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...During the expansion of the large empires residing in the Mediterranean the region began to grow more prosperous. Before the expansion, trade was mainly done locally in each empire and religion would vary across the different empires. Due to the growth of empires trade became more international as empires began to conquer new lands and travel to new places. The Assyrian empire was one of the largest empires ever seen. Along with its immense size, came great prosperity through taxes and booty. Furthermore, the Assyrians were able to have a strong control in international commerce. Societies also changed over time as people began to stray from the belief that god reflected nature and instead began believing in the concept expressed in the “Mandate of Heaven”, simply, that God chose the king. This belief led people to worship the king, which increased the support from his people. Thus, leading to the creation of larger armies. The basis of the Assyrian empire placed a heavy reliance on agriculture and emphasis on individuality increased. The expansion of the Neo-Babylonian Empire had a large impact on the region. Expansion began with the successful invasion into Syria. Prosperity in the city of Babylonia increased due in large part to the kings: Nabopolassar and Necuchadnezzar. During this time the city also underwent an agricultural renaissance and became a one of the most thriving cities in the region. Furthermore, during this time festivals were resurrected, old Colts were...
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...only predicted that Yahweh will let his people go in captivity in Babylon but also the rise of Persian King Cyrus who will deliver them from captivity. So, what was really the role of king Cyrus in second Isaiah? According to the Bible and Cyrus cylinder( which is exhibit in British musueum) Babylonians were sick and tired of their King Nabonidus considered a tyrant with strange religious ideas. So, in October 539 BCE , the second part of Isaiah prediction materialized. Cyrus defeated the king of Babylon Nabonidus in a bloodless battle. Since all the subject provinces didn`t like Nabonidus , they all gather and recognize Cyrus as their legitimate ruler brought by their gods in response to their prayers. Soon after the victory, Cyrus free all the nations without taking anybody in captivity. Basically, king Cyrus first liberate the subject provinces and the babylonian from the hardship imposed by Nabonidus and then allow the Jews to go back to Juda and built a temple at Jerusalem for Yahweh. First, Nabonidus through his reign eliminated the celebration of the festival of new year. he neglected all the gods( nabo, bel,..) in existence before his kingship. He also turn in abomination the workship of Babylonian king of god Narduck. He also tormented the Babylonian with unbelivable oppression and forced labor.He turned the sanctuaries of all the settlements into ruins.So soon after the Cyrus conquer Babylon, he freed up all the subject provinces and reinstated the freedom...
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...Marcus Banks-Bey_L2444950 June 29, 2014 Thesis Statement This research paper will discuss, and review the history of the Babylion Empire, its rulers, and the Empire’s influential relationship upon some of the major events which developed within Old Testament literature. Introduction Through my research, it is my intent to identify significant points within the history of the Babylion Empire, including its origins, development, expansion, eventual decline, and why it became a focal point of many of the major events of the Old Testament. From the Great Empire of Akkad, Babylon became a major seat of learning, culture, and technology. More than simply a city-state of defiance, and sinful practices, Babylon’s influence, very often viewed through a negative scholarly lens, shaped the history of Asia Minor, Northern Africa, and the world when approached from a biblical standpoint. As such, Babylon remains a critical, powerful nation in relation to its nation-state of Israel, and Old Testament history. Nimrod The Cushite The first nation-state identified within contemporary Biblical literature is the land that is “Ethiopia”, as mentioned in Genesis 2:13[1]. Most importantly, the Hebrew term “Kush” is the concordance term used by Strong’s, which is interchangeable with the term Ethiopia(n), and defines the peoples of Cush, Ethiopia as being Black, Africans.[2] It is my intent to avoid any racist terminologies which intentionally, or inadvertently were inserted into the bible...
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