...F. Scott Fitzgerald – Babylon Revisited F. Scott Fitzgerald was a prolific American writer whose professional life was as exciting and renowned as his personal life. Along with his wife Zelda, they lived hard, drank excessively, and traveled among the wealthy social elite of their time. Zelda, once the love of his life, was also a writer and published short stories, as well as a novel “Save Me the Waltz” (cite Columbia Encyclopedia). She eventually became mentally ill and suffered numerous breakdowns, resulting in more than one visit to an insane asylum. An alcoholic in debit, Fitzgerald died at only 40 years of age, on December 21, 1940, from a heart attack. (cite James West article). Born on September 26, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald later attended Princeton University and enlisted in the Army. He was a prolific writer who produced more material than most realize. By the time of his death he had written five novels, approximately 170 short stories, 11 plays, 96 poems, as well as various articles, essay and reviews. (cite Robert Gale). The publishing of When This Side of Paradise in 1920 helped launch Fitzgerald, then only 24, into the world of literary greats, where his popularity sky-rocketed and he gained a reputation for being a spokesman for the “Jazz Age” of the 1920’s. (West article). Unfortunately, with the decline of the Jazz Age, so came the beginning of a down-hill slide for Fitzgerald as well. His and Zelda’s extravagant life style...
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...and a swift expansion in the availability of consumer goods. However, as quickly as the Roaring Twenties takes off, the stock market crash in October of 1929 ends the era and transforms into the Great Depression. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses this time period to enforce a theme of emptiness stemming from the shallow behavior of wealthy Americans living in Paris before the stock market crash. The depth of "Babylon Revisited" as a legendary work of fiction is in Fitzgerald's talent to encompass...
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...Code of Hammurabi Western Civilization and the World I 100 Professor Preface This paper will examine the Code of Hammurabi and how it affected the people of Babylon before, during and after its creation. The nature of the topic is to have a better understanding of how the Code of Hammurabi changed society, hindered women’s rights and independence and left a lasting impression for future generations. Chronology 1810 BC Hammurabi was born to the then-king of Babylon Sin-muballit. 1792 BC Hammurabi, king of Babylon, started his rule. 1787 BC King Hammurabi captured Uruk and Isin. 1784 BC King Hammurabi campaigned against Rapigum and Malgium. 1772 BC Code of Hammurabi was created. 1763 BC With the aid of Mari and Eshnunna King Hammurabi conquered Larsa, putting an end to the long reign of Rim-Sin I. 1755 BC Captured Eshnunna which was the last of his Mesopotamian rivals. 1750 BC King Hammurabi died and passed the reigns of the empire to his son, Samsu-iluna. 1738 BC Under Samsu-iluna’s rule his empire fell to the Sealand Dynasty. 1595 BC Babylonian empire restored to glory of the Hammurabi’s age. 1901 Code of Hammurabi monument is discovered by French archaeologists. 1910 The Code of Hammurabi was translated by Leonard William King. During the rule of King Hammurabi he wrote the Code of Hammurabi. This consisted of many laws that changed the society, hindered women’s rights and independence and left a lasting impression for future generations...
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...An Eye for the Truth The Laws of ancient civilizations may be confusing to some people nowadays, but, when put into the context of the location, time, and mindset of the people who created these laws, they become much more reasonable within that framework. In this essay, two distinct sets of laws from the ancient civilizations will be compared and contrasted; The Code of Hammurabi, by Hammurabi, the sixth Babylonian king in the 1700s B.C. and the Ten Commandments and Exodus, written, or at least attributed to Moses. The first difference that must be noted is the way that the laws are introduced, or the prologues, one obviously polytheistic, the other blatantly monotheistic. The Code of Hammurabi says in its prologue, “at that time Anum and Enlil named me to promote the welfare of the people.”1 It also mentions Igigi and Anumnaki, minor gods who attend to the major gods Enlil and Anum respectively, so very clearly a polytheistic setting there, as these gods appoint Hammurabi as the promoter of the people’s welfare. The Ten Commandments states, in contrast, “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, you shall have no other gods before me.”2 This starting sentence immediately says that there is only one god, and later in the passage it also mentions as one of the laws not to create any idol.3 These two societies then might be said to have different social values in the idea that as a monotheistic person, you would be expected...
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...Ancient Babylon History of Babylonia The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia. It was situated on the Euphrates River about 50 miles south of modern Baghdad, just north of what is now the modern Iraqi town of al-Hillah. The tremendous wealth and power of this city, along with its monumental size and appearance, were certainly considered a Biblical myth, that is, until its foundations were unearthed and its riches substantiated during the 19th century. Archaeologists stood in awe as their discoveries revealed that certain stories in the Bible were an actual situation that had happened in time. The Tower of Babel The Bible reveals that all false systems of religion began in the land of Babylon and will have their consummation from the spirit of Babylon in the last days. It is interesting to note that every organized system of religion in the world today has traces of ancient Babylon. The Bible records in Genesis 10:10, that, after the great flood, all men spoke one common language and a man named Nimrod built a city and established a common religion. Nimrod was a descendant of Noah’s son, Ham. Genesis 11:1-9 describes the building of the city and its famous tower"whose top may reach unto heaven." It also records how God came down and punished the people’s arrogance by creating a confusion of different languages and possibly their racial distinctions. This way man would be forced to obey God’s original command to "be fruitful...
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...may not follow rules such as “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” like the Code of Hammurabi, whose punishments for a crime were much more extravagant and gruesome at times. There was segregation in gender and social status. The topics addressed in the code are some of the same topics addressed that we, today, value and instill. In today’s government we have laws of crime and punishment, monetary laws, and laws regarding marriage. We have these laws so we can have structure and a successful government and society. It’s amazing how such early civilization started these fundamentals and on some linear level, had the same values. Not discovered until 1901, the Code of Hammurabi shows us how Hammurabi viewed himself and the people of Babylon. This insight is significant. Hammurabi believed he could run his empire and gain power not through war but by using his intelligence. To find of how Babylonian society...
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...The Richest Man in Babylon by George S. Clason 1 The Richest Man in Babylon by George S. Clason TABLE OF CONTENTS First Published in 1926. Table of Contents About the author ..................................................................................................................................3 Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................5 An Historical Sketch of Babylon ...........................................................................................................6 The Man Who Desired Gold .................................................................................................................9 The Richest Man in Babylon ...............................................................................................................12 Seven Cures For a Lean Purse..............................................................................................................17 THE FIRST CURE..........................................................................................................................18 Start thy purse to fattening .........................................................................................................18 THE SECOND CURE ....................................................................................................................19 Control thy expenditures.........................................
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...Mesopotamia/Babylon History Babylon was probably the most famous city of ancient Mesopotamia. Until today the city is a symbol for wealth, power, and sin (largely due to its treatment in the Bible). The name Babylon is the Greek form of Babel of Babili, which means "the gate of the god" in Semitic, which again is the translation of the original Sumerian name Ka-dimirra. The god was probably Marduk, the divine patron of the city. Like the other great Sanctuaries of Babylonia, the temple of Marduk had been founded in pre-Semitic times and the future Babylon grew around it. As Marduk was the son of Ea, the patron god of Eridu, it is possible that Babylon was a colony of Eridu. The earliest mention of Babylon is in a dated tablet of the reign of Sargon of Akkad (2334-2279 BCE), who is stated to have built sanctuaries there. Babylon remained a provincial town until it became the capital of the first dynasty of Babylon and then Hammurabi's empire, around 1795-1750 BCE. From this time onward it continued to be the capital of Babylonia and the holy city of western Asia. The claim to supremacy in Mesopotamia was not fulfilled de jure until the claimant had "taken the hands" of Marduk at Babylon. It was this which made Tiglath-pileser III (ruled 745-727 BCE) and other Assyrian kings so anxious to possess themselves of Babylon and to thus legitimize their power. Only Sennacherib of Assyria (reigned 704-681 BCE) failed to secure the support of the Babylonian priesthood, and subsequently...
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...During the expansion of the large empires residing in the Mediterranean the region began to grow more prosperous. Before the expansion, trade was mainly done locally in each empire and religion would vary across the different empires. Due to the growth of empires trade became more international as empires began to conquer new lands and travel to new places. The Assyrian empire was one of the largest empires ever seen. Along with its immense size, came great prosperity through taxes and booty. Furthermore, the Assyrians were able to have a strong control in international commerce. Societies also changed over time as people began to stray from the belief that god reflected nature and instead began believing in the concept expressed in the “Mandate of Heaven”, simply, that God chose the king. This belief led people to worship the king, which increased the support from his people. Thus, leading to the creation of larger armies. The basis of the Assyrian empire placed a heavy reliance on agriculture and emphasis on individuality increased. The expansion of the Neo-Babylonian Empire had a large impact on the region. Expansion began with the successful invasion into Syria. Prosperity in the city of Babylonia increased due in large part to the kings: Nabopolassar and Necuchadnezzar. During this time the city also underwent an agricultural renaissance and became a one of the most thriving cities in the region. Furthermore, during this time festivals were resurrected, old Colts were...
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...only predicted that Yahweh will let his people go in captivity in Babylon but also the rise of Persian King Cyrus who will deliver them from captivity. So, what was really the role of king Cyrus in second Isaiah? According to the Bible and Cyrus cylinder( which is exhibit in British musueum) Babylonians were sick and tired of their King Nabonidus considered a tyrant with strange religious ideas. So, in October 539 BCE , the second part of Isaiah prediction materialized. Cyrus defeated the king of Babylon Nabonidus in a bloodless battle. Since all the subject provinces didn`t like Nabonidus , they all gather and recognize Cyrus as their legitimate ruler brought by their gods in response to their prayers. Soon after the victory, Cyrus free all the nations without taking anybody in captivity. Basically, king Cyrus first liberate the subject provinces and the babylonian from the hardship imposed by Nabonidus and then allow the Jews to go back to Juda and built a temple at Jerusalem for Yahweh. First, Nabonidus through his reign eliminated the celebration of the festival of new year. he neglected all the gods( nabo, bel,..) in existence before his kingship. He also turn in abomination the workship of Babylonian king of god Narduck. He also tormented the Babylonian with unbelivable oppression and forced labor.He turned the sanctuaries of all the settlements into ruins.So soon after the Cyrus conquer Babylon, he freed up all the subject provinces and reinstated the freedom...
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...Marcus Banks-Bey_L2444950 June 29, 2014 Thesis Statement This research paper will discuss, and review the history of the Babylion Empire, its rulers, and the Empire’s influential relationship upon some of the major events which developed within Old Testament literature. Introduction Through my research, it is my intent to identify significant points within the history of the Babylion Empire, including its origins, development, expansion, eventual decline, and why it became a focal point of many of the major events of the Old Testament. From the Great Empire of Akkad, Babylon became a major seat of learning, culture, and technology. More than simply a city-state of defiance, and sinful practices, Babylon’s influence, very often viewed through a negative scholarly lens, shaped the history of Asia Minor, Northern Africa, and the world when approached from a biblical standpoint. As such, Babylon remains a critical, powerful nation in relation to its nation-state of Israel, and Old Testament history. Nimrod The Cushite The first nation-state identified within contemporary Biblical literature is the land that is “Ethiopia”, as mentioned in Genesis 2:13[1]. Most importantly, the Hebrew term “Kush” is the concordance term used by Strong’s, which is interchangeable with the term Ethiopia(n), and defines the peoples of Cush, Ethiopia as being Black, Africans.[2] It is my intent to avoid any racist terminologies which intentionally, or inadvertently were inserted into the bible...
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...Yes Hammurabi's Code was fair, laws like 196 "Eye for an Eye", 23 "If a robber isn't caught, man robbed gets their thingss replced by city"and law 195 "If son hits parents, his hands shall get cut off" are many reason explaining why. How do you feel about law 196? I think it is fair that if someone knocks out the eye of another, his eye shall be knocked out too. Hammurabi's Code is fair, because it fought for protection for all people, served justice, and treated people fairly by creating such laws. Law 196 was one reason why it was fair. For example, if a man walks up to another man and kicks him he should get kicked back. You should treat people the way you want to be treated, and if you treat someone bad expect the same thing...
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...Charlize: Yes exactly. So if someone said something about the future and his words always came true, what would you think of that person? Elise: I suppose I would believe everything he said. Charlize: Well the bible is FULL of prophecies that have come true. For example Cyrus. Why don’t we learn a little bit more about him? Let’s have a look at Isaiah 44:26-28. Do you mind reading that? Elise: (READ) Charlize: Notice in verse 26 it talks about the one making the word of his servant come true. So this is talking about Jehovah God, he is saying that what he says about the future will come true. Now in verse 27 it says that the waters will dry up and we learn in history that the king of Persia invaded Babylon. Have you heard of Babylon? Elise: Yeah I am pretty sure I have. Charlize: Babylon was one of the mightiest empires that ever existed, and the whole...
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...The Stele of Naram-Sin is a massive piece of limestone that has been carved in relief style to commemorate a victory between two warring civilizations. This stone slab is taller than most people standing at 6’6”. The battle scene engraved on this stone slab is between Naram-Sin, ruler of the Akkadian people, and the Lullubi. At the top of the stele there are three suns that shine brightly onto mountain in which Naram-Sin is marching his army up in a diagonal path. In the sky just below the suns and on the mountain there are cuneiform script printed that describes the victory. The cuneiform that is on inscribed on the mountain is just on the right side; the left side of the mountain is bare. The cuneiform inscribed confirms that this stele depicts a battle that was won at Zagaros Mountain. At the base of the main peak of the mountain there is an injured Lullubi with a spear in his neck. The Lullubi people are scattered throughout the stele in a very disorganized fashion predominantly on the right side of the stele. Their weapons are depicted as inferior to that of the Akkadian people’s, some are broken and some are smaller. Naram-Sin is depicted much larger than anyone else in the stele. The use of hieratic scale here amplifies artist’s decision to place Naram-Sin in the center of the composition. Naram-Sin is holding a sword, a bow and a spear as he tramples over his fallen foes. He is shown to possess well defined muscular features in addition to a horned helmet. The army...
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...Attack! The warrior king said as they went into battle. Alexander the great has the story of a true hero. If you take a look behind the story of the man you will come upon the story of a model philosopher king. Alexander’s story starts as a young boy. Growing up under the wing of the historic philosopher Aristotle, who in turn came from a line of the most elite philosophers in history, and as the observant son of the great king Philip of Macedonia, Alexander had the makings of a great philosopher and king. Alexander had a competitive nature, which played a big role in his claim to greatness. As a young adult he claimed many victories, including taming the wild thoughtless untamable horse, which he named Bucephalus, and being a prized combat specialist. It came as no shock after his father’s assassination that he would avenge him, and in turn take the path of becoming one of the greatest kings in history. This leads to the next part of his story which his name the great was derived. As an attempt to avenge his father, Alexander sought after his murderer, who was believed to be king of the vast Persian Empire, Darius. This chase lead him to a conquest of which inspired the philosopher and warrior in him to conquer and explore the unknown lands and civilizations that were under Persian rule. As a philosopher he enjoyed trying new things, and was not partial in taking part in other cultures as he became more...
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