...& Garofalo, M. E. (2010). Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War. American Journal of Public Health, 100(9), 1591. Study Background Problem Florence Nightingale is most remembered as the pioneer of nursing as well as the first nursing researcher. During the Crimean War in 1854, Nightingale and 38 nurses traveled to the military hospital Scutari, in Turkey, to care for the wounded soldiers. The conditions they found were horrible. Soldiers were lying in filth, there was little medications and fewer supplies. There was no ventilation and an open sewer ran beneath the hospital. Morbidity and mortality rates were a staggering 43%.(Fee & Garofalo, 2010). Significance to nursing. Nightingale's research had a great impact on the nursing profession. Her research changed the views of society as well as the military regarding the care of the soldiers. Florence focused on cleanliness, ventilation, water purity and improving sanitation, which changed the mortality rates from 43 percent to 2 percent. (Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 10-12). Purpose of Study The morbidity and mortality rate at the military hospital was the highest among all the hospitals in the region. Nightingale's mission was to figure out why the rate was so much higher in Scutari. Her focus was also on the sanitary conditions of the hospital and how it affected the mortality rate. (Fee & Garofalo, 2010). Objectives Florence had several...
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...* * * * * * * Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper * Stacey Simmons * NUR/513 * February 3, 2014 Rebecca Gesler Historical Development of Nursing Science Timeline Paper The historical development of nursing science began with Florence Nightingale’s influential Notes on Nursing. The science of nursing has grown and developed into an academically sound and proven study of nursing care. In the 150 years following Florence Nightingale’s innovative approach to nursing care, many influential nursing theorists have emerged. This paper will discuss the Florence Nightingale, the pioneer theorists from the 1950’s, the transitional theorists from the 1960’s, and the research theorists from the 1990’s. The Historical Development of Nursing Science and Theory Nursing science and theory began with Florence Nightengale’s Notes on Nursing. Florence Nightingale is remembered for building the foundations of modern nursing establishing nursing as a profession. “Her book, Notes on Nursing (Nightingale 1859) first published in 1859, was the first nursing text book. She wrote the first modern nursing curriculum for St Thomas's Hospital, London when she instituted nurse education there in 1860 and followed these with a number of other books, reports and pamphlets. (Stanley, D., 2007). However, it would be decades before her insights, observations and educational model would be acknowledged...
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...Abstract Florence Nightingale is known as the “mother of modern nursing.” Her intelligence, classical education, religious beliefs as a Unitarian, and her family’s social status were all attributes that stimulated her drive to begin what nursing is currently. Nightingale’s Environmental Model is one of the earliest grand theories. It connects the concepts of the patient, the nurse, the environment, and health. Florence Nightingale pioneered the theory that the environment affects an individual’s health and illness, and that nurses can influence health by controlling environmental factors such as light, temperature, noise, sanitation, cleanliness, and diet. Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Model is still one of the most utilized theories today. It is known as a grand theory, but can also be used at the practice level. Keywords: Florence Nightingale, Environmental Model, environment, grand theory Florence Nightingale: Environmental Model Florence Nightingale was a pioneer of her time. She has had a great influence on what Nursing is today. Many nursing schools all over the world have been named after her and base their teachings after her original thoughts and theories. She was one of the first to inspire ideas such as equality for each patient, independent of their religion, sanitation regulations, and the idea that the environment can influence a patient’s health and illness. Florence Nightingale is known as the “mother of modern nursing.” She defined nursing as...
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...treated differently from Florence Nightingale because she was black? Throughout her time helping soldiers in the Crimean War, May Seacole was admired for her skills as a nurse. On her return to England, her reputation was forgotten whilst Florence Nightingale was exalted. Source M implies that the differing treatment of these two women was as a result of racial prejudice: Mary Seacole was forgotten because of the colour of her skin. Source L attributes Mary’s different treatment to her behaviour and abilities as a nurse rather than the colour of her skin. Therefore, whilst the issue of race can not be ignored, I believe that Mary Seacole was simply seen as a less able nurse and thus was treated differently to Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale (Source L) outlines a number of reasons why she would not provide Mary Seacole with a reference or employment during the Crimean War. She quotes ‘drunkenness’ and the rumour that Seacole ran a ‘bad house’ (i.e. brothel). Nightingale also implies that Seacole duped the Officers of the Army into believing that she cared for the soldiers and that Nightingale herself knew the truth. This is not explicitly about the colour of Mary’s skin. There seem to be questions over Seacole’s ability as a nurse. In a time when nursing was becoming increasingly professional, concerns might well have been raised over the less formal training Seacole received in Jamaica as a child and could result in the belief of Nightingale that Seacole would demonstrate...
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...are in plays a big role in their healing process. Florence Nightingale founded her nursing theory and philosophy on enhancing environmental factors to improve the patients overall health, healing and well-being. Nightingale's attention to environment has added significance to the role environmental conditions play in human health status (Shaner, 2006). In Nightingale’s book, Notes of Nursing, she reflects on how air and water quality, noise, light, and diet and nutrition enhance the healing process. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is similar to Nightingale’s theory of nursing. They both believed that one’s basic needs must be met before they could achieve an optimal level of functioning. I believe that a noisy, uncomfortable environment, along with an unappealing diet will make the patient miserable and uncomfortable. When one is miserable and uncomfortable, it makes it very difficult to achieve a successful outcome. Nightingale believed that her nursing career was a calling from God. She utilized her attributes of love, compassion and veracity to promote quality care of the patient. Nightingale proved to be a provider of care, as she integrated holistic human needs in the provision of safe and effective nursing care. The holistic approach to medicine attempts to treat both the mind and the body. I thoroughly believe that a person’s social, mental, and physical conditions all contribute to the healing process. Nightingale believed that you had to treat the patient as a whole...
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...the development of the theoretical foundations proposed by Florence Nightingale, nursing was considered purely from a medical viewpoint, which involved medical intervention and treatment. Further investigations and development of nursing education has been largely influenced by other disciplines, including ethics, morale, and philosophy which teaches future nurse to perceive persons not only as patients with certain disorders, but as holistic beings whose concerns also depend on their social, cultural, and political backgrounds. Contemporary arrangements also focus on the development of the balance between practical implications and theoretical foundation to shape a new patient-centered vision on nursing and health care. Purpose Statement The main purpose of this paper is to trace the shifts in nursing education, starting from the development of Nightingale’s model and focusing on the present underpinnings and alterations in nurses’ training. Florence Nightingale Concepts and Frameworks With the advent of Nightingale’s concepts in nursing, a rigid distinction between clinical leadership and nursing leadership has emerged. At this point, Stanley and Sheratt (2010) refer to the concepts introduced by the nurse theorist and state, “Nursing leadership is clearly based on a relationship with management and with nurses who may operate in a broader context at an operational or systems level” (p. 116). Therefore, Nightingale was a pioneer in...
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...on Spirituality Spirituality in nursing and medicine has been a conflicting topic because many things have occurred which cannot be explained or proven through scientific experimentation. The only plausible explanation that has been given points to a higher power or being. Florence Nightingale believed she had a calling from God to do her work in nursing not only to physically heal but spiritually heal as well. On the other hand, Dr. Larry Dossey felt medicine alone could not heal and it is the responsibility of the physician to invoke the “power of prayer” to assist with a patient’s healing process. During the mid-nineteenth century, optimism ran high in England. With the rise of empiricism, in which all knowledge is derived from experience, science blossomed and gave rise to high hopes for conquering drudgery and disease. Florence Nightingale went to Crimea and by applying good principles of sanitation, she made a major difference in the death rate of British soldiers – from 42% to 2% (Shelly & Miller, 1999). During this time Florence Nightingale observed that the common people in her day were becoming atheists and losing their basis for ethical behavior. Florence Nightingale seemed most concerned about the ethical implications of religious belief. In her book Suggestions for Thought she describes an age of spiritual uncertainty and attempts to develop an alternative concept of God that would appeal to the disenchanted merchants and craftsmen so they would...
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...Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale OM, RRC | | Born | 12 May 1820 Florence, Tuscany | Died | 13 August 1910 (aged 90) Park Lane, London, United Kingdom | Nationality | British | Institutions | Selimiye Barracks, Scutari King's College London[1] | Known for | Pioneering modern nursing | Notable awards | Royal Red Cross (1883) Lady of Grace of the Order of St John (LGStJ) Order of Merit (1907) | Early life Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy. She was the younger of two children. Nightingale's affluent British family belonged to elite social circles. Her mother, Frances Nightingale, hailed from a family of merchants and took pride in socializing with people of prominent social standing. Despite her mother's interest in social climbing, Florence herself was reportedly awkward in social situations. She preferred to avoid being the center of attention whenever possible. Strong-willed, Florence often butted heads with her mother, whom she viewed as overly controlling. Still, like many daughters, she was eager to please her mother. "I think I am got something more good-natured and complying," Florence wrote in her own defense, concerning the mother-daughter relationship. Early life Embley Park, now a school, was one of the family homes of William Nightingale. Young Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 into a rich, upper-class, well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The 19th century marked the beginning of professional nursing. Florence Nightingale was the legend behind it as she began the struggle of nurses being recognized as professionals. It is hard to believe that nurses were once assigned to the job as a sentence for crimes committed or for the women who were too old or sick to hold conventional jobs. Nightingale’s focus included infection control, documentation, patient safety, confidentiality, and evidence based practice, which seems common place today, but was very forward thinking for that period. The era of Florence Nightingale is just the beginning of the timeline of significant events and theoretical development that shaped the evolution of modern nursing and nursing science. Timeline 19th century | * 1836: Kiaserworth Deaconess Institute opens the first recorded school of nursing in Germany. * 1850: Florence Nightingale attends Kaiserworth for three months of training. * 1854: Florence Nightingale was nicknamed the ‘lady with the lamp’ by the soldiers during the Crimean war. This period is where she developed the foundation for evidence based practice. * 1860: The Nightingale school of nursing was established and incorporated theory as well as clinical experiences. She was the first nursing theorist. * 1861: Dorthea Dix is chosen as the first superintendent of the United States Army nurses. * 1874 The University of...
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...Theorist Selected Description of Theory In 1860, Nightingale was considered as the first women to hold the right for publishing her theory with reference to the significance of the environment on the patient and healing. Many factors along with the patient’s connection with the environment tend to contribute to healing process and that engrosses air, light, temperature, water as well remaining clean (Parker, 2006). Her theory also states that it is the nurse’s profession to assist out the patient to consign him or her in the finest circumstances for nature to proceed (Gourlay, 2004). She trusted that the environment can circuitously and unswervingly have an effect on a patient’s health and it has enormous advantage on the healing process when restricted and dealt with patient recovery led her to trust the belief nature cures. Nightingales theory encourages that maintaining the environment, meaning the overwhelming of air pollutants, the patient must use his or her energy to help them deal with the negative effects of these pollutants which, in turn drains him or her of what is important to the healing process. It is also Nightingale’s belief, the conditions of the home, community and health care setting are very important to the health and healing process. The environment is also what can be changed and manipulated by the nurse (Parker, 2006). She believed the environment is important to the patient’s health, that nurses should support the environment to help in the healing...
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...Description of Theory: Nightingales theory is based on natural laws ("Current Nursing ", 2012). Florence Nightingale uses an environmental model. It is based on the idea that healing comes from within the individual. The emphasis of care is on placing that patient in an environment conducive to being and becoming well (Cruz, n.d.). She felt that nursing was a calling and defined it as an art and a science that requires a specific educational base of knowledge. She also went on to say that nursing was separate from medicine and that the goal of nursing was to place the patient in the best possible state in order for nature to work ("Current Nursing ", 2012). Nightingales concepts of nursing have directed both theoretical thought and nursing practice that are being utilized and practiced today (Daniels , 2003). Theory’s Historical background: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of nursing and some say, to be the first nurse theorist ("Current Nursing", 2012). Alligood (2010) stated, “Nightingales work stemmed from a desire to serve humankind” (p. 84). Her work, during the Crimean War in Scutari, Turkey, and her later teachings, “will forever be linked with modern Nursing.” Nightingale has influenced three areas in modern day medicine; infection control, epidemiology, and hospice medicine. Nightingale cannot claim sanitation theories as her own; however, the improvements and changes that she had made were obvious, to the degree that infected patients were treated...
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...Florence Nightingale (1820- 1910) championed the health care social reform movement rising in the latter half of the 19th century. She was quite analytical. Her background in statistics afforded her the ability to see the cause and effect of environmental factors and their relationship to the health of her patients. In addition to attention to these factors, more precisely, sanitation, Florence Established public health policy, medical statistics, designed hospitals, Hospital management, record keeping, and patient care practices. Each of these practices has become the foundation for our modern practices in health care. The British were involved in the Crimean War of 1854 to 1856. The Scutari medical barracks, then located in Istanbul,...
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...throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s work corroborates the transformation of nursing from the perception of one with no professional knowledge tending to individuals with health issues, to providing competent healing practices for the total person that is supported by facts and evidence (Burge, Sullivan, & Cox, 2012). Nightingale helped define nursing as a science. ...
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...throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s work corroborates the transformation of nursing from the perception of one with no professional knowledge tending to individuals with health issues, to providing competent healing practices for the total person that is supported by facts and evidence (Burge, Sullivan, & Cox, 2012). Nightingale helped define nursing as a science. At the...
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... The American Nursing Association (ANA) has some of the same interests, but the main goal of the ANA is to promote and protect the nursing profession and help nurses succeed and be recognized as the great people that they are. The ANA goes to bat to promote new standards in health care and promote and improve nurses’ rights in the workplace. They also go to the legislation with new acts that will help improve overall standards in healthcare. Provisions influence the way nurses practice health care. As in provision one, it talks about practicing with compassion and respect; we as nurses use this concept every day (American Nurses Assoc). I have compassion for all of my patients, no matter what their social status, their ethnic background, or their religious preference; I treat them all with the same level of caring and respect. This respect and compassion also goes towards the people that I work with every day; I care about their feelings and their safety just as much as the patients I care for. And provision seven is all about advances in the profession, including education and gaining new knowledge. Nursing in itself is a learning experience; every day I learn something new that helps me in my career. The profession as a whole is progressing and moving forward; the initiative to get all RN’s to further their education...
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