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INTRODUCTION TO BONE
Dr. Nurzarina Abdul Rahman
Anatomy Unit
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
USIM
2015/2016

Learning outcomes
At the end of the lecture, the student should be able to:
• Define the axial and appendicular skeleton and their functions.
• Define the classification of bone.
• Define bone markings and formations.
• Briefly describe the bone development
(intramembranous and endochondral ossification). • Describe the vasculature and innervation of bone. Bone and its function

Bone
A living organ capable of changing its structure as the result of stresses, which it is subjected Consists of cells, fibers and matrix
Hard because of calcification of matrix

There are about 206 bones in human

Function of the bone
1. Support (carry) the body weight.
2. Protect the vital organs as :


ribs protect the lung and heart



skull protects the brain



vertebrae protects spinal cord

3. Movement : the bone provide muscle attachment and form the joints necessary for body movement
4. Important storage area for salts (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium)
5. Houses and protects bone marrow within its cavity

Skeletal system

Skeletal system (bone)
Human skeleton is divided into:
Axial skeleton
Consist of skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton
Consist of the bones of upper and lower limbs, pelvic and shoulder girdle

Several vertebrae connected by ligaments
& articulate together with presence of intervertebral discs in between 7

cervical vertebrae

12

thoracic vertebrae

5

lumbar vertebrae

5

fused sacral vertebrae 4

fused coccygeal vertebrae Vertebral column

Parts and structure of bone

Parts of growing long bone
Epiphysis
two ends (upper and lower)
Diaphysis
shaft in between two ends, contains bone marrow cavity
Epiphyseal cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis of growing bone
Metaphysis
part of shaft close

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