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Badminton

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING SEMESTER 1, ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014

PERMAINAN BADMINTON DI MALAYSIA NAMA KUMPULAN : CN YELLOW
NAMA PENSYARAH : EN. MOHD KHUZAIRI BIN MANSHOR
NAMA DAN KOD SUBJEK : BADMINTON (BANB 111)
SEKSYEN : 1M
DISEDIAKAN OLEH : NURUL NADZIRAH BT GHAZALI AC091372 NUR FARHANA BT ABD RAZAK AC091385 NUR AININA YUMNI BT MOHAMAD FADZIL AC091381

ISI KANDUNGAN

NO. | KANDUNGAN | MUKA SURAT | 1) | MUKA HADAPAN | 1 | 2) | ISI KANDUNGAN | 2 | 3) | PENGENALAN | 3 | 4) | EMPAT (4) TEKNIK: | - | | * SERVIS | 4-8 | | * PUKULAN LOP | 9 | | * PUKULAN DROP | 10-11 | | * PUKULAN JUNAM (SMASH) | 12-14 | 5) | RUJUKAN | 15 |

PENGENALAN

Badminton ialah acara sukan olimpik dengan lima (5) disiplin yang kompetitif perseorangan lelaki dan wanita, beregu lelaki dan wanita, dan beregu campuran yang mana setiap pasangannya ialah lelaki dan perempuan. Bagi tahap tinggi permainan, sukan ini memerlukan penjagaan kesihatan yang cemerlang di mana pemain memerlukan stamina aerobic, ketangkasan, kekuatan, kelajuan dan ketelitian. Ia juga merupakan sebuah sukan teknikal yang memerlukan koordinasi badan yang baik, kemahiran teknikal dan kecanggihan dan kemahiran memegang raket.

Terdapat banyak kemahiran yang digunakan dalam bermain sukan badminton ini. Antaranya ialah servis, pukulan lob, pukulan drop dan pukulan junam (smash). Dalam teknik servis, ia terbahagi kepada Servis Forehand dan Servis Backhand. Servis Forehand pula terbahagi kepada Servis Forehand Rendah dan Servis Forehand Tinggi. Teknik Pukulan Lob pula terbahagi kepada dua (2) iaitu Full Lob/ Clear dan Attack Lob/ Clear. Teknik Pukulan Drop juga turut dibahagikan kepada dua (2) iaitu Drop Dari Atas dan Drop Dari Bawah. Pukulan Dari Atas dikategorikan kepada Drop Penuh dan Drop Potong. Selain itu, teknik Smash terbahagi kepada empat (4) iaitu Smash Penuh, Smash Potong, Smash Backhand dan Smash Melingkar Atas Kepala (Around the Head Smash).

SERVIS

Servis merupakan kemahiran yang sangat penting. Secara amnya di dalam permainan badminton terdapat servis tinggi dan rendah.
Dalam permainan badminton ini, servis merupakan teknik yang digunakan untuk memulakan permainan. Seorang pemain yang tidak mempunyai kemahiran melakukan servis dengan betul akan dikena fault.
Dalam permainan badminton ini, ada tiga jenis servis iaitu servis rendah, servis tinggi, dan servis kilas. Namun, biasanya servis digabungkan kepada ‘Forehand’ dan ‘Backhand’.
Servis ‘Forehand’
a. Servis ‘Forehand’ Rendah * Tujuan servis pendek adalah untuk memaksa lawan tidak boleh melakukan serangan. Dalam hal ini, lawan dipaksa berada dalam posisi bertahan. * Variasi arah dan sasaran servis pendek dapat dilatih secara serius dan sistematik. * Shuttlecock harus dipukul dengan ayunan raket yang relatif pendek. * Pada saat pertemuan antara kepala (daun) raket dengan shuttlecock, siku dalam keadaan bengkok untuk menghindari penggunaan tenaga pergelangan tangan. Perhatikan peralihan titik berat badan. * Cara latihannya adalah menggunakan sejumlah shuttlecock dan dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.

Teknik melakukan Servis ‘Forehand’ Rendah
• Hayunan raket ke belakang.
• Semasa bulu tangkis dilepaskan berat badan berubah ke hadapan dan keseluruhan lengan menghayun kehadapan.
• Titik sentuhan ke hadapan sedikit di kaki kanan dan ikut lajak.

b. Servis ‘Forehand’ Tinggi * Jenis servis ini terutama digunakan dalam permainan tunggal. * Bulu tangkis harus dipukul dengan menggunakan tenaga penuh agar melayang tinggi dan jatuh tegak lurus di bagian belakang garis lapangan lawan. * Saat memukul bulu tangkis, kedua kaki terbuka selebar pinggul dan kedua telapak kaki sentiasa kenalan dengan lantai. * Perhatikan gerakan ayunan raket : ke belakang, lalu ke depan. Pukulan harus dilakukan dengan sempurna serta diikuti gerak peralihan titik berat badan, dari kaki belakang ke kaki depan, yang harus berlangsung kontinu dan harmonis. * Biasakan selalu menumpukan perhatian sebelum memukul bulu tangkis. * Hanya dengan berlatih tekun dan berulang-ulang tanpa mengenal lelah, kita dapat menguasai teknik servis forehand tinggi dengan sebaik-baiknya.

Teknik melakukan Servis ‘Forehand’ Tinggi
• Bulu tangkis dipukul dari tempat permulaan biasa atau sedikit ke belakang dan servis tinggi.
• Raket dihayun jauh ke belakang.
• Titik sentuhan ke hadapan sedikit di kaki kanan dan mengikut lajak.

Servis ‘Backhand’ Model servis ini memang memerlukan keterampilan dan latihan ekstra agar kita dapat menguasainya dengan baik. Secara umum, pada servis jenis ini, arah dan jatuhnya bulu tangkis hendaknya sedekat mungkin dengan garis pemain lawan, dan bulu tangkis sedapat mungkin melayang relatif dekat di atas jaring (net). Jenis servis ini sering digunakan oleh pemain ganda.

Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah :
a. Sikap berdiri yang benar adalah kaki kanan di depan kaki kiri, dengan hujung kaki kanan mengarah ke sasaran yang diinginkan. Kedua kaki terbuka selebar pinggul, lutut dibengkokkan. Dengan sikap seperti ini, titik berat badan berada diantara kedua kaki. Jangan lupa, sikap badan tetap rilek dan penuh konsentrasi.
b. Ayunan raket relatif pendek, sehingga bulu tangkis hanya didorong dengan bantuan peralihan berat badan dari belakang ke kaki depan, dengan irama gerak berterusan dan harmoni. Hindari menggunakan tenaga pergelangan tangan yang berlebihan, kerana akan mempengaruhi arah dan ketepatan pukulan.
c. Sebelum melakukan servis, perhatikan posisi dan sikap berdiri lawan sehigga dapat mengarahkan bulu tangkis ke sasaran yang tepat dan sesuai fikiran.
d. Biasakan berlatih dengan jumlah bulu tangkis yang banyak dan berulang-ulang tanpa rasa bosan, sampai dapat menguasai gerakan dan keterampilan servis jenis ini dengan baik/sempurna.Selain itu, perlu diperhatikan adanya peraturan servis. Berikut adalah aturan servis yang salah dan benar.
Teknik melakukan Servis ‘Backhand’
• Bulu tangkis di letak hampir ke muka raket
• Tali raket menyapu dasar gabus bulu tangkis, membuatkannya berpusing dan melintasi pita jaring.
• Kepala raket mengikut lengkungan ke kiri (melawan jam) semasa mengikut lajak. * Kekuatan Otot Lengan Dan Bahu amat diperlukan dalam melakukan pukulan servis. Antara otot yang terlibat adalah ‘deltoid’ , ‘biceps’ dan ‘palmoris longus’.

LOB

Dilakukan di belakang gelanggang dengan memukul bulu tangkis yang tinggi dari belakang gelanggang secara pukulan depan atau kilas.
Pada dasarnya, pukulan lob memiliki kesamaan dengan teknik smash dan dropshot. Pukulan overhead lob dilakukan dengan memukul shuttlecock dari atas kepala, posisinya biasanya dari belakang lapangan dan diarahkan ke atas pada bahagian belakang lapangan lawan. Jenis Overhead Lob:
a. Full lob / Clear, shuttlecock tinggi ke belakang.
b. Attacking Lob / Clear, shuttlecock tidak terlalu tinggi
Teknik melakukan Pukulan Lop
• Lob dilakukan seperti aksi membaling dengan bulu tangkis dipukul tinggi arah ke belakang gelanggang.
• Tangan dibengkokkan ke belakang.
• Tangan ditolak ke hadapan ke atas dan tangan lurus.
• Titik sentuhan pada ketinggian maksimum dan ikut lajak.

* Otot yang terlibat untuk mlakukan teknik lob adalah ‘biceps’ .

PUKULAN DROP

Satu pukulan perlahan dari belakang gelanggang. Pukulan junam dilakukan dari garisan kedua belakang dan mendarat seberapa dekat dengan jaring di sebelah gelanggang pihak lawan.

Pukulan Drop merupakan pukulan yang dilakukan seperti smash. Perbezaannya terletak pada keadaan raket semasa memukul bulu tangkis. Bulu tangkis dipukul dengan perlahan. Pukulan Drop yang baik dilakukan apabila jatuhnya bulu tangkis berhampiran jaring.
Ciri utama dalam dalam pukulan drop ini adalah bulu tangkis perlu jatuh berhampiran jaring di sebelah pihak lawan. Oleh kerana itu, pemain harus mampu melakukan pukulan yang sempurna dengan menggunakan posisi badan yang betul. Faktor pegangan raket, gerak kaki yang cepat dan posisi badan yang betul ketika membuat pukulan merupakan faktor penentu keberhasilan pukulan drop ini. Pukulan drop ini kebiasaannya dilakukan dari atas dan dari bawah.
1. Drop dari atas
Cara membuat pukulan drop dari atas ini hampir sama dengan cara smash. Bezanya ialah hanya pada waktu pemain melakukan penyelesaian akhir, iaitu membuat pukulan semasa bulu tangkis menghampiri raket.
Pada pukulan drop dari atas , bulu tangkis tidak perlu dipukul terlalu kuat. Pemain hanya memerlukan daya yang sedikit dan perlu memastikan bulu tangkis jatuh berhampiran dengan jaring di ruang pihak lawan. Pukulan drop dari atas terbahagi kepada dua (2) jenis, iaitu :
a.Drop penuh
Drop penuh banyak digunakan dalam permainan perseorangan, terutama jika pihak lawan kelihatan letih. Pukulan bulu tangkis dari tempat tinggi membolehkan pemain memukul bulu tangkis dengan lebih tajam sekaligus dapat menyukarkan pihak lawan untuk mengambil bulu tangkis tersebut.

b.Drop potong
Cara memukul drop potong hampir sama dengan cara memukul drop penuh. Hanya bezanya adalah semasa bulu tangkis tersentuh raket, tidak ada gerak tertahan seperti pada saat melakukan drop penuh. Dapat juga disamakan antara drop potong dengan smash potong dengan kekuatan yang tidak penuh. Drop potong dan atas dapat dilakukan dalam permainan perseorangan.
2. Drop dari bawah
Secara umum, pihak lawan selalu berusaha agar bulu tangkis di hadapan jaring dapat diambil dari atas. Apabila pemain tidak mempunyai kesempatan untuk mengambil bulu tangkis dari pihak lawan di hadapan jaring dari atas, pemain perlu untuk mengambil bulu tangkis tersebut sebelum ia jatuh ke lantai. Bulu tangkis yang meluncur tajam di hadapan jaring dan nyaris jatuh ke lantai itu masih dapat diselamatkan dengan mengambil dari bawah dengan lob yag tinggi dan jauh ke belakang gelanggang pihak lawan. Jika tidak mampu memukul bulu tangkis dengan lob tinggi , pemain boleh melakukan pukulan dari bawah. Pukulan drop dari bawah ini memang relatif tepat jika digunakan pada permainan jaring.
Teknik melakukan Pukulan Drop
• Pukulan dilakukan berhampiran dengan jaring pada paras atas jaring.
• Lonjak ke hadapan dan pukulan dilakukan paling tinggi di atas jaring.
• Jika dilakukan dengan cepat pukulan ini dapat digunakan sebagai tindakan menyerang. • Jika lambat pukulan yang dilakukan sebagai tindakan defensif (bertahan).

* Otot yang terlibat semasa melakukan teknik lob adalah ‘biceps’ .

PUKULAN JUNAM (SMASH)
Pukulan Junam (smash) ini bertujuan mematikan pihak lawan dengan cepat. Ianya merupakan pukulan serangan dan membuatkan bulu tangkis menjunam dengan cepat ke gelanggang pihak lawan. Pukulan smash adalah bentuk pukulan yang sering digunakan dalam permainan bulutangkis. Karakter pukulan ini adalah keras. Pukulan ini memerlukan kekuatan otot, bahu, lengan, fleksibiliti pergelangan tangan, serta koordinasi gerak tubuh yang harmoni.

Dalam praktik permainan, pukulan smash dapat dilakukan dalam keadaan statik / berdiri atau sambil loncat (jumping smash). Oleh itu, pukulan smash terbahagi kepada:
a. Pukulan smash penuh.
b. Pukulan smash potong.
c. Pukulan smash backhand.
d. Pukulan smash melingkar atas kepala (around the head smash).
Para pemain seharusnya belajar menguasai semua teknik pukulan smash dengan sempurna. Manfaatnya sangat besar dalam meningkatkan kualiti permainan.
1. Smash Penuh
Smash penuh ini dilakukan dengan raket seluruhnya. Smash ini memiliki kekuatan yang penuh, namun biasanya bulu tangkis kurang berarah. Smash ini sebaiknya dilakukan sepanjang garis atau tertuju penuh pada badan lawan. Smash penuh dilakukan sekuat tenaga dan diharapkan dapat mematikan lawan.
2. Smash Potong
Model smash ini biasanya dilakukan dengan tenaga yang sederhana jika dibandingkan dengan model smash penuh, akan tetapi posisi bulu tagkis lebih tajam dan lebih terarah. Kebanyakan smash potong ini dilakukan secara menyilang atau ‘Cross Smash’.

3. Backhand Smash Backhand smash adalah suatu teknik smash yang dilakukan dari sebelah kiri. Smash ini mengutamakan pergerakan keterampilan pergelangan tangan. Bulu tangkis yang melepasi pemain dapat dipukul dengan ‘backhand smash’. ‘Backhand smash’ sangat tepat untuk memukul bulu tangkis yang meluncur berhampiran jaring. Teknik untuk melakukan ‘backhand smash’ ini hanya menggunakan keterampilan pergelangan tangan yang cepat, tanpa perlu memukul bulu tangkis dengan kuat. Pukulan setengah smash pada masa yang sesuai lebih berhasil mematikan lawan.
4. Smash Melingkar Atas Kepala (Around the Head Smash) ‘Around the Head Smash’ adalah suatu teknik smash dengan posisi lengan memutar di atas kepala. Smash dilakukan mengarah di depan bahu kiri, bahkan lebih ke kiri. Gerakannya ialah dengan cara mengiringkan tubuh ke kiri dan memutar lengan di atas kepala untuk memukul bulu tangkis yang meluncur dari arah kiri. Kekuatan pergelangan tangan dan keseimbangan badan amat diperlukan bagi menguasai teknik Smash ini.
Teknik melakukan Pukulan Junam (Smash)
• Permulaan hayunan raket ke belakang bahu.
• Sebelum menyentuh bulu tangkis, badan bengkok ke hadapan
• Titik sentuhan pada paras yang tinggi dan ikut lajak.
• Luruskan badan dan kepala

* Di dalam teknik smash, pergelangan tangan yang kuat amat diperlukan untuk menghasilkan pukulan yang kuat. Otot yang terlibat adalah ‘lubrical’

RUJUKAN

* http://www.smkevii.edu.my/2012/1m1s/menengah/Badminton.pdf * http://sharedocument.wordpress.com/2012/09/24/teknik-bermain-bulu-tangkis-untuk-pemula/ * http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton * http://teknikbermainbadminton.blogspot.com/2010/11/persediaan-awal-permain-badminton-untuk.html

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...* Appearance and clothing- If a badminton tournament has reasonably large prize money and attracts attention from the media, the officials usually wear shirts sponsored by the tournament sponsor. In smaller badminton tournaments held regionally or within a club, I doubt there that there are standard uniformed shirts given to the officials. Their clothing is mostly polo shirts, blazer and smart trousers. They must look different from any player that is playing the game so their appearance may vary. * Equipment needed - Typically a Badminton umpire need. A watch with timer and/or stopwatch; one yellow, and one red card (black card if you are a referee), clipboard and whistle for them to carry out their job of watching the badminton game. * Fitness required – No fitness required but good eyesight on the shuttle if needed for the umpire to call if the shuttle was in or out of the court. * Qualifications / knowledge required – An umpire would need to know the rules of badminton as well as needing to complete an official umpiring qualification and to take 2 theory exams on sports or particular sports. Their grades must be from C upwards. * Use of technology – Umpires usually used an electronic scoring system and an electronic shuttlecock sensor to make sure that the scoring is fair and to make sure every score given is correct. * Effective communication (voice, whistle, signals) – Usually a line judge verbally communicates with the other 2 officials including the umpire...

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