...SKIN CANCER & TANNING The idea of a “healthy tan” is a myth which must be corrected in order to reduce the increasing incidence of skin cancer in the world. An individual's skin color is determined by their genes and their environment. Our skin can change color in reaction to sun exposure. This is called the "tanning response." When skin absorbs UV radiation, melanin is produced and transferred to the keratinocytes cells within the skin thereby darkening the color of the skin. Melanin in the skin absorbs and scatters UV radiation entering the body and helps protect the skin from adverse reactions to radiation. Thus, the "tanning response" is really a defensive reaction by the body to the presence of damaging radiation, and an effort by the body to protect itself from the harmful affect of ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B (UVA and UVB) rays (“Anatomy”). A tan still remains in the minds of many as socially desirable. Each day we are confronted with images on television and in magazines of golden-brown models and celebrities. In addition, we are the targets of local advertising and promotion of tanning salons. People must understand that a tan is not necessary; and that in addition to the premature aging of the skin, there are serious and possibly deadly consequences from the overexposure of one’s body to UVA and/or UVB rays. The deadly consequence is skin cancer. When people think of cancer they relate to the threat of colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate...
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...treatments of skin cancer depend on the degree of severity a person has. In the following paper, I will shed lights on the types of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells that usually develops on skin exposed to the sun. Skin cancer can be found in the early stage, which can usually be cured if treated before the spread. Skin cancer begins where we can see it, such as on the face or arms. Some signs may include, growing bumps, changing mole and/or a dry and scaly rough patch. In this paper, I will explain the three major types of skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is abnormal, uncontrolled growths that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis. BCC’s usually appears and look like open sores, red patches, or scars. According to (skincancer.org) “An estimated 2.8 million cases of BCC diagnosed in the United States each year.” Nearly all basal cell carcinoma appear on the body that is mostly exposed to the sun, especially the ears, face, neck, scalp, back and/or shoulders. This disease is common in mostly elderly people, but studies show that people in their twenties and thirties are being treated for this skin cancer. In a few cases, contact with arsenic, exposure to...
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...Age: 61 Sex: Female Admission Date: 11/23/09 Medical Diagnosis: Basal Cell Carcinoma II. Anatomy and Physiology: In mammals, the skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. All mammals have skin because it interfaces with the environment and plays a major role by being anatomical barrier in protecting the body from pathogens and prevention of excessive fluid loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the protection of vitamin B folates. The skin also has the ability to absorb nitrogen and carbon dioxide by diffusion into the epidermis in small amounts. The skin is divided into three layers; the epidermis, which provides waterproofing and serves as a barrier to infection; the dermis, which serves as a location for the appendages of skin; and the hypodermis (subcutaneous adipose layer). Epidermis is divided into several layers where cells are formed through mitosis at the innermost layers. They move up the strata changing shape and composition as they differentiate and become filled with keratin. They eventually reach the top layer called stratum corneum and are sloughed off, or desquamated. This process is called keratinization and takes place within weeks. The outermost layer of the epidermis consists of 25 to 30 layers of dead cells. The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis and is composed...
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...Running head: CASE STUDY: SKIN CANCER 1 Case Study: Skin Cancer ITT Technical Institute Case Study: Skin Cancer 2 The skin is one of the largest organs in the body in surface area and weight. The skin consists of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis. Beneath the dermis lies the hypodermis or subcutaneous fatty tissue. The skin has three main functions: protection, regulation and sensation. The skin is an also an organ of protection, its primary function is to act as a barrier. An individual can get skin cancer one of the risk factors is sun exposure. Sun exposure is known as the major factor associated with all types of skin cancers. There are different types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, known as BCC, squamous cell carcinoma, known as SCC and melanoma. Chronic sun exposure incurred by consistent, repetitive sun exposure, by individuals who work outside is a risk factor. Individuals who go on vacation and spend hours in the sun are at risk, due to their skin has not adapted to the sun, which would be called acute sun expose. Acute sun exposure, depending on the time spent in the sun and your skin type, can result in sunburn. Sunburn is an injury to your skin which can cause pain and/or blistering. Childhood sun exposure may also play an important part in the development of these cancers later in adult life, where children play outside for hours in the summer. (http://www.ccohs.ca) Family history has...
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...The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer Skin cancer is best known as a mutation of the skin when cells grow abnormally. These mutations most commonly come in forms of moles, freckles, or simple markings that are out of the norm. Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most commonly occurring form of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas occur in the basal cells in the lining of the skin and mostly occur from over exposure to sunlight. Skin cancer is rising to become the most prevalent form of cancer. According to The Skin Cancer Foundation Website 5 million people are treated for a case of skin cancer each year. The American Academy of Dermatology stated that in adults ages 25-29 melanoma is the most common form of cancer the second most common form of cancer for15-29...
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...lengthiest of all specialties2The objective of our study was to study the relation between various types of patients admitted in the department of plastic and re-constructive surgery at Sher-i- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences,J&K and their respective waiting times.The study was conducted for a period of one year from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014.It was a prospective observational study carried out on the patients admitted in the ward of plastic and re-constructive surgery. The study was done based on the interviews from relevant informants, study of records .Out of the total of 2238 patients admitted 495 cases were that of RTA(road traffic accidents), 162 bear mauls, 135cleft palate, 117 cleft lip,99 tin cut injuries,90 PBC(Post burn contracture) hand,72 cases of...
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...Melissa Ruiz Biology Review Rasmussen College 10/07/2011 1. Describe the interdependency of structure and function in the human body. Physiology depends on anatomy; anatomy is study of the structures in the body, physiology is the study of the functions of those structures. In other words, without structure there is no function. Physiology depends on anatomy, the operation or function of a structure is dictated by its anatomy. Anatomy and physiology are really inseparable because function always reflects structure. For example, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the thin membranes of the lungs but not across the skin. (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, page 3) 2. Describe the three patterns of chemical reactions. Synthesis reaction is when atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule. It always involves bond formation and can be represented as A+B→AB. This is the basis of constructive activities in body cells. Amino acids are joined together to form a protein molecule. Decomposition reaction occurs when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. It can be represented as AB→A+B. Decomposition reactions are the reverse of synthesis reactions. This underlies all degradative processes in body cells. Bonds are broken in larger molecules, resulting in smaller, less complex molecules. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose units. Exchange reactions involve both synthesis and decomposition. Bonds are both made and broken, which...
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...on KB cells Proliferation. Sobukonla Timothy and Karen Louis ABSTRACT Keratinocytes are stratified, squamous, epithelial cells that make up 95% of the cells in the epidermis. These cells are found in the basal layer of the stratified epithelium of the epidermis, and are to as basal cells, or basal keratinocytes. Keratinocytes play a vital role in the structural component of the skin, as well as a vital function in immune response. Platelet derived growth factor is a powerful mitogen for many cell types such with keratinocytes growth and motility. Lippolysaccharide (LPS) is found on the cell surface of gram-negative bacteria and assist in the stabilization of the overall cell wall structure. LPS along with CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 expressed on the cell surface of keratinocytes, play a vital role in regulating the innate immune response system and influencing the adaptive immune response mechanism. INTRODUCTION Keratinocyte cells are stratified, squamous, epithelial cells that comprise of skin and mucosa, including oral, esophageal, and genital epithelia. 95% of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are tightly bonded together to form a strong layer between the nerves of the skin and underlying tissues of the epidermis. These cells originate in basal layer of the stratified epithelium and are referred to as basal cells or basal keratinocytes. In addition to their structural role of preserving the health and integrity of the skin, basal keratinocytes...
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...DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS The findings of this research includes the major effects of having skin cancer and it also includes the risk factors and impacts of skin cancer. These findings also include the precautions one can take in the effort of preventing skin cancer. Problem Skin Cancer is a major public health problem because it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. It may be the most common, however, it is the most preventable type of cancer(“Skin Cancer as”). Skin cancer affects most people in their lifetime, and many people are unaware of how dangerous it is. People with skin cancer need proper medical treatment which results in significant health care costs for people, families, and the nation(“Skin Cancer as”)....
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...It is common in today’s society for young females to want to attain golden bronze skin. The quickest way to get a tan and not have to lay in the heat of the sun for hours is to lay in a tanning bed. As this trend continues to rise, medical researchers are beginning to pay close attention to the health effects of indoor tanning. Many recent medical studies and cases, researchers have linked the use of tanning beds to many health problems. Even with all of the negative effects that the use of indoor tanning can have there are still tanning companies that try to boast the positive effects. Despite the fact that tanning beds are harmful to the health of its victims, the use of tanning beds is on the upsurge and growing. In order for tanning companies to make a profit off the industry, they try to create a market for their product. They do this by marketing the positive effects that tanning beds can have. “Tanning is not just for the young. Because UV rays are essential for the body to produce vitamin D, mature adults at risk for osteoporosis can gain health benefits from moderate tanning. Vitamin D is essential for absorbing calcium to prevent...
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...Impact of Cell Phone’s Radio Frequency in Children Herzing University Saugat Basnet The development and use of mobile device services in the last decade have hugely increased the amount of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW). High exposures towards radio frequency (RF) in our daily lives have raised concerns regarding the harmful effects on human health especially on children. Children with cell phone exposure have higher odds of migraines and headache-related symptoms than the one with no exposure. A great deal of scientific and public interest have focused on radio frequencies that alter the brain, somatic and germinal cells in children. Children should be very careful and guided by elders while using cell phones that produce a lot of harmful radio frequencies. Today cell phone is one of the inseparable parts of modern life. Each and every daily activity today is possibly accomplished by the aid of the cell phone. With its reference, we can say that cell phone directly and regularly comes in contact with the vital body parts like head and sense organs. As it comes in contact with vital organs, not immediately but after some long term exposure, it causes severe health problems and in children, it’s even more serious. Children are still developing mentally; therefore, radio frequency from cell phones has a greater effect on them than on adults. It is because children have growing body parts where cell multiplication is active. According to a study conducted by Sudan...
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...absolute mortality among cancer related deaths (13,000/yr). In most reported cases, ovarian cancer, when first diagnosed is in stages III or IV in about 60 to 70% of patients which further complicates treatment of the disease (Barber, 3). Early detection in ovarian cancer is hampered by the lack of appropriate tumor markers and clinically, most patients fail to develop significant symptoms until they reach advanced stage disease. The characteristics of ovarian cancer have been studied in primary tumors and in established ovarian tumor cell lines which provide a reproducible source of tumor material. Among the major clinical problems of ovarian cancer, malignant progression, rapid emergence of drug resistance, and associated cross-resistance remain unresolved. Ovarian cancer has a high frequency of metastasis yet generally remains localized within the peritoneal cavity. Tumor development has been associated with aberrant, dysfunctional expression and/or mutation of various genes. This can include oncogene overexpression, amplification or mutation, aberrant tumor suppressor expression or mutation. Also, subversion of host antitumor immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of cancer (Sharp, 77). Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma was first described by Peham in 1899 as "hypernephroma of the ovary" because of its resemblance to renal cell carcinoma. By 1939, Schiller noted a histologic similarity to mesonephric tubules...
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...and bleeding these are all first signs of melanoma. He should have them looked at by the dermatologist. The Dr. will more than likely take a biopsy of the mole. All potentially cancerous skin growths must be biopsied to confirm acancer diagnosis. Depending on the suspected type of skin cancer, the biopsy techniques vary slightly but crucially. Any potential melanoma requires a surgical biopsy, in which the entire growth is removed with a scalpel if possible. A pathologist then studies the sample under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present. If melanoma is diagnosed, other tests may be ordered to assess the degree of cancer spread (metastasis). They include: Imaging. Your doctor will order one or more tests to look for metastasis. They include CT scan, MRI, PET scan, bone scan, and chest X-ray. Other biopsies. Using a variety of techniques, your doctor may want to get tissue samples from lymph nodes. Skin growths that are most likely basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or other forms of nonmelanoma can be biopsied in various ways. Part or all of the growth can be...
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...variety of pathological entities, are either grouped together or excluded. Recent findings indicate that many epulides are odontogenic tumours. Another reason is the fact that many clinicians do not routinely submit epulides for histopathological examination, thereby introducing bias in the studies based on archival material. An accurate assessment of the nature of the condition is a prerequisite for therapeutic decision-making. It is therefore important to understand the biology of odontogenic tumours. CLASSIFICATIONS Odontogenic tumours have traditionally been classified based on the presence or absence of the phenomenon of induction. To understand the classification based on induction, it is important to consider the reciprocal interactions of epithelial and mesenchymal tissues during odontogenesis. The epithelial dental lamina invaginates to form the enamel organ. The inner enamel organ epithelium consists of the pre-ameloblasts. The mesenchymal odontoblast precursors migrate to the basement membrane and eventually make contact with the pre-ameloblasts. The pre-ameloblasts then induce the odontoblasts to form the dentin. In turn, the odontoblasts influence the ameloblasts and these cells start secreting the enamel matrix. The mesenchymal stroma enclosed in the developing dental follicle is induced to take on the characteristics of dental pulp. As tooth formation is completed, the odontogenic epithelium disappears leaving behind the epithelial rests of Malassez in the...
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...acKnoWledgement ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� iii aBstract ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv CHAPTER ONE �������������������������������������������������������� 1 introdUction �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 BackGround oF study ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 oBJectives oF study ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 scope oF the study ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 JustiFication oF study ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 statement oF proBlem �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 limitation oF study �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 orGaniZation oF work�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 CHAPTER TWO ������������������������������������������������������� 4 literatUre...
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