...The 1920’s: Baseball Uniform The decade of the 1920’s is often characterized as a period of American prosperity and optimism. This was the Jazz Age, the decade of the flappers. The 1920’s opened with an explosion of color and the wailing sounds and fast rhythms of jazz and energetic dancing. It was a time of tremendous change in America. America was one of the victors in the First World War and it enjoyed a period of great prosperity in the twenties. The Americans were opposed to anything that might drag them into another European war. Many Americans simply wanted to enjoy the prosperity that had developed in the previous decade and felt that foreign entanglements would threaten it. For the next decade America kept to herself for the most part. Most Americans enjoyed a high standard of living. Food was plentiful and cheap thanks to the vast quantity produced on American farms. More and more people bought their own houses through mortgages. Thanks to Henry Ford and mass production, one could buy a ford for $290. It was the “Roaring Twenties,” the decade of bath tub gin, the model T, the $5 work day, the first transatlantic flight, and the movie. It was the great age of popular entertainment. Among the world of entertainment, there were sports. Baseball’s growing popularity in the 1920’s can be measured by structural and cultural changes that helped transform the game. Ballparks were being constructed left and right. In 1920 the Cubs Field was opened and in 1926 re-named to...
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... all calculations) and to provide the correct metric units of measure. All questions are 5 points (1 point for sentence number /correct units). 1. Makayla is talking to Mia about the whether we ever landed on the Moon. Mia says,” I have a theory about that.” Using 3 – 4 complete sentences, what is wrong with Mia’s use of the term “theory” in this instance? A true scientific theory has to be based on sufficient experiments and tests that have been conducted. Mia is...
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...Robinson as a hero, and he has been idolized as a role model to the African American baseball community. It is an unarguable fact that he was the first to tear down the color barriers within professional baseball. The topic of Robinson’s role in integration has long been a point of discussion amongst baseball historians. Researchers have accumulated thousands of accredited documents and interviews with friends and team mates such as short stop, Pee Wee Reese, and team owner, Branch Rickey. However, few journalists have asked why Robinson was selected and what was Branch Rickey’s motivation? While Robinson was the first Negro player to break into the ranks of professional baseball, it can be argued that he was not the first to attempt the undertaking. In actuality, Jackie possibly was not even the first player the Brooklyn Dodgers’ organization considered for the job. The Warner Brothers film, 42, The Jackie Robinson Story (2013), highlights the accomplishments of Jackie and rightfully so, as he was an amazing man. The story actually starts prior to 1947 and ends years later in 1959, three years after his retirement in 1956. Early in his career at Ohio Wesleyan University, where Branch Rickey played and coached baseball, an incident occurred with one of his young black players, Charlie Thomas, which would forever change Rickey’s life, the future of integration of major league baseball, and would have an impact on the civil rights movement. Jackie Robinson’s amazing accomplishments...
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...his life during the years 1945-1947. This true story, which was released April 12, 2013, followed what I had learned about Jackie and stayed accurate while still being extremely entertaining. Jackie Robinson’s number on his jersey was 42, he wore that number his entire Major League career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. The movie “42” is a biopic of the legendary baseball player Jackie Robinson, when in 1947 Jackie became the first African-American player to break Major League Baseball’s color barrier. The great directing, acting, and writing made this film enjoyable to watch. This well-made movie primarily tells the story of Jackie Robinson under the direction of his general manager Branch Rickey, while showing us Jackie’s battles with racism and a classic love story. “42” is a snapshot in the life of Jackie Robinson, which allows the movie to run at a nice pace. As Bernard Beck points out, in The Dark Knight Rises: In 42 Jackie Robinson Saves The American Dream, “Our attention is not fixed on how he became a great player, on how he succeeded in his career after that first year, or how they built a family. We are shown the great pressure they were under and that they handled it” (89). The movie starts out in 1946, when Branch Rickey the legendary general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers decides that he is going to bring a Negro to play for the team, breaking Major League Baseball’s notorious color barrier. Rickey explained, “I couldn’t face my God much longer knowing that His black...
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...When investigating how the the civil rights movement may have been advanced through athletics, one might first consider the persons who actually effected the change. Be it a deliberate stand or just a serendipitous support, coaches and athletes all through the past century have utilized their involvement in sports to effectively alter the racial tenor of America. These athletes and coached have propelled our county forward into a more modern way of believing, and without their efforts we may not be able to revel in the respective equality we understand today. This effort was certainly not simple, however; these individuals most definitely conquered many hurdles as well as great suffering in order to surface as the true champions for advancement that they are seen as today. This research will educate us on how these individuals made it possible to accomplish this, what influence athletes made on societies opinions, and why they choose to actually take the stands to begin with....
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...Part II Asking Analytical Questions using Elements of Reasoning Introduction to Critical Thinking What do we do to think critically? What is critical thinking? 3 Key Questions Why do we need critical thinking? The Three Dimensions of Critical Thinking Reasoning: three aspects Traits of the Disciplined Mind Reasoning The process of drawing conclusions or figuring something out Elements of Reasoning Standards for Reasoning The quality of our thinking is largely reflected in the quality of our questions. Circle – Dots Critical thinking is the way you do everything you do Instruction Content LOGIC OF Student Thinking StandardsElementsTraits In other words, what elements must you account for in order for the analysis to be substantive? What is involved in analyzing reasoning? (Story, argument, point of view, subject) ● Look at the cartoon and analyze it by asking questions. 1. Individually, write a series of questions that attempt to probe the meaning of the cartoon. 2. With a group, compare your questions with others. Add to your list. Analyzing a Cartoon We use data, facts, and experiences to make inferences and judgments based on concepts and theories based on assumptions within a point of view leading to implications and conse quences. in attempting to We think answer a for a question. purpose Whenever we think Elements wheel ...
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...Argument: Even though spies were loyal and beneficial to the Allies during the war, there were still those who betrayed their country for the Axis OSS: America’s first national spy agency, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), employed nearly 13,000 people at its peak in 1944. The OSS was the precursor to the CIA and the Special Operations Command (U.S. Seals, Green Berets, etc) The OSS was the first organized effort by the United States to implement a centralized intelligence system. A few of the agents were people like baseball player Moe Berg, a jazz dancer named Josephine Baker, acclaimed novelist Roald Dahl, and celebrity chef Julia Child. Moe Berg: “Brainiest man in baseball” Raised in Newark NJ, graduated from Princeton with a Modern Language Degree. He worked in the Office of Inter-American Affairs where he gathered December 1944, Berg was sent to Switzerland to potentially assassinate prominent German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who American officials suspected might be supervising production of a bomb for Adolf Hitler. Berg determined the Nazis weren’t close to completing a nuclear weapon and opted not to shoot Heisenberg. He later joined the CIA in the early 1950s but failed to hold a job there Josephine Baker:...
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...wisdom of crowds is likely better than the wisest person in the crowd. On the one hand I agree that crowds are wiser than the wisest individual in the crowd. On the other hand, I’m not sure if the additional consideration of monetary gain or personal incentive may have just as a significant impact on the totality of his final results. (Graff and Birkenstein 66) In an effort to prove the theory that there is wisdom in crowds, I decided to start with one of Surowiecki’s direct quotes “The real key, it turns out, is not so much perfecting a particular method, but satisfying the conditions—diversity, independence, and decentralization—that a group needs to be smart. In pursuit of proving this argument true, I’ve conducted my own experiment involving a small group of people, who were asked the following question: “What would you consider the five most vital items needed from an emergency preparedness kit, which would provide you the greatest chances of survival the first 72 hours following a catastrophic event? Although none of my group’s members are considered an expert in emergency or natural disasters, I felt that each of them had resided in California long enough, if not their entire lives, to have a reasonable amount of experience or personal testimony to consider their responses credible. Prior to my conducting the...
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...Abstract This research explores the challenge of rating fan satisfaction based on the affects of walk up music used during triple-A minor league baseball games. Minor league baseball has always been associated with family entertainment, and game enhancements, such as walk-up music for players, have been utilized to increase overall fan satisfaction. Walk-up music is a short clip of music that is played as a player approaches the batter’s box or the pitcher’s mound. 30 triple-A minor league teams were contacted and were questioned about their policies regarding their use of walk-up music during games. Using qualitative collection methods, this research primarily focuses on the reasoning behind front office decisions to allow players to select their own walk-up music that will utilized during home games. Information gained through a survey that was conducted during the interviews of 30 triple-A minor league baseball teams will add useful insight to future investigations that are focused on the affects of walk-up music at the minor league baseball level as well other levels of competition. Though trying to rule out extraneous variables that may affect fan satisfaction will be difficult, the investigators believe that the information gained will be beneficial to future researchers, and will hopefully be a foundation to more extensive research on the affects of music in correlation to fan satisfaction. Introduction One of the most important advances in consumer research is...
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...Luke Hampton Truman State University Sports have become the center show of the entire world. Whether it’s baseball, basketball, football, or the most popular of the world, soccer, millions of people spend their days cheering on the athletes as the compete. These athletes are some of the most physically fit, and mentally sharp people you can find around the world, but no athlete has gotten to where he or she stands without proper training. We hear the stories of those who grew up in terrible environments, those who came from nothing, rising up to the challenge and overcoming all obstacles in their way. You can find videos both on tv and the internet 24/7, of athletes striving to perfection and stopping at no cost. Their practice ethic is unmatched, and yields amazing results that amateurs dream to achieve. This is all due to the type of feedback the athlete is receiving while practicing at high intensity. Many feedbacks are commonly used in the daily trainings of an athlete. One of the most prominent is the video feedback. Using video feedback allows the athlete to see what he or she is doing from a different perspective. They then can analyze and change according to the needs of the athletes. This types of changes can include, a change of form, stance, weight distribution, and many more. Using video feedback yields a high amount of positive results making it a great feedback for athletes of any status and age. In the article, “The Effects of Self-Controlled Video Feedback...
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...the Kobe Regatta and Athletic Club and the Yokohama Country and Athletic Club, a rivalry that continues to the present day. It was not until 1921, however, that the Japanese Football Association (JFA) was established. After reports reached London of the All Japan Schools Soccer Tournament held in Osaka in 1918, the English FA magnanimously dispatched a replica of the FA Cup as a gift to the fledgling footballing cousin . There was no equivalent Japanese football organization to receive it, so one was created. Fifteen years later, Japan was represented at the Berlin Olympics with a team mostly made up of college students. Japan lost, and with it the chances of the sport gaining similar levels of popularity it was now enjoying in Europe. Baseball took the lead from this time, with a formal...
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...very different guys that share similar feelings. These two characters both lost someone they cared about in this case it was a friend. They felt guilty for the death of their friends. They felt empty, and sorrow in their lives. They never knew their lives would change drastically so fast. While both deaths were unintentional “Kip” the character from “Right behind you” never meant to kill his friend while he soaked a baseball glove on gasoline.Then theres “Alex” the character from “Lockdown” was at the wrong place at the wrong time. Sure he was a bully but he never knew how...
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...a story. The story concerned a small group of undervalued professional baseball players and executives, many of whom had been rejected as unfit for the big leagues, who had turned themselves into one of the most successful franchises in Major League Baseball. But the idea for the book came well before I had good reason to write it—before I had a story to fall in love with. It began, really, with an innocent question: how did one of the poorest teams in baseball, the Oakland Athletics, win so many games? For more than a decade the people who run professional baseball have argued that the game was ceasing to be an athletic competition and becoming a financial one. The gap between rich and poor in baseball was far greater than in any other professional sport, and widening rapidly. At the opening of the 2002 season, the richest team, the New York Yankees, had a payroll of $126 million while the two poorest teams, the Oakland A's and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, had payrolls of less than a third of that, about $40 million. A decade before, the highest payroll team, the New York Mets, had spent about $44 million on baseball players and the lowest payroll team, the Cleveland Indians, a bit more than $8 million. The raw disparities meant that only the rich teams could afford the best players. A poor team could afford only the maimed and the inept, and was almost certain to fail. Or so argued the people who ran baseball. And I was inclined to...
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...Professor Drew April 25,2013 Personal Essay The piece that I will compare my life to is “Serving in Florida.” This piece is about a woman named Barbara Ehrenreich, who moves to Florida to work unglamorous jobs as a type of “experiment.” Barbra meets very many people and starts to understand the struggles within working low-waged jobs .Although Barbara wasn’t forced to work these jobs, she funds the readers with a great backround of the jobs that she works. In this piece, I will compare my experiences within working low-waged jobs and share my relationships that I have made within these jobs. Working low-waged jobs isn’t a career someone should ever aim for in life. Low-waged jobs can be great for a short term or summer job, but I don’t recommend this as a career. I have worked at three low-waged jobs throughout my lifetime. The most unglamorous, was working in the fast food industry. While working at Wendy’s, I witnessed theft, drug use, and many other different types of crimes. As a minor working under these conditions, I learned that I wanted to make something of myself, and didn’t want to be a worker under these conditions anymore. Unlike Barbara, I was actually working these jobs to maintain my bills. Working these jobs wasn’t an “experiment” for me, it was a short term job to raise money before I went off to college. Working at Wendy’s really broadened my perspective about making myself successful. After walking in on my boss doing a line of cocaine off of the toilet...
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...“Dr. Death” Sydney Speight English B Jack Kevorkian originally wanted to be a baseball radio broadcaster, but his Armenian immigrant parents felt that he should have a more promising career. So he became a doctor, specializing in pathology. Kevorkian worked primarily with deceased people, performing autopsies in order to study the essential nature of diseases. Kevorkian was born on May 28, 1928, in Pontiac, Michigan. He was raised in an Armenian, Greek, and Bulgarian neighborhood. Kevorkian attended the University of Michigan medical school and graduated in 1952. Kevorkian initially received his nickname, "Dr. Death," for his pioneering medical experiments in the 1950's. He photographed the eyes of dying patients in order to determine the exact time of death. As Kevorkian witnessed the suffering of terminally ill patients, he became convinced that they had a moral right to end their lives when the pain became unbearable, and that doctors should assist in this process. To that end, he designed and constructed a machine that started a harmless saline intravenous drip into the arm of a person wishing to die. When the patient was ready, he or she would press a button that would stop the flow of the harmless solution and begin a new drip of thiopental. “This chemical would put the patient into a deep sleep, then a coma. After one minute, the timer in the machine would send a lethal dose of potassium chloride into the patient's arm, stopping the heart in minutes...
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