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Batas Rizal

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Ang Batas Rizal at Pagkapili sa Bayani ng Lahi

I. Ano ang Batas Rizal?
 Hunyo 12, 1956- pinagtibay ang Batas ng Republika Blg. 1425 at tinawag itong Batas Rizal.
 Agosto 16, 1956- Naipanukala kaagad ito bilang tugon ng Lupon ng Pambansang Edukasyon sa pangunguna ng tagapangulo na si Senador Jose P. Laurel Sr.
 Nasasaad sa batas Rizal na dapat maging bahagi ng kurikulum ng lahat ng dalubhasaan.
II. Ano ang layunin ng Batas Rizal?
1. Maikintal sa isipan ng bawat mag-aaral na sa mga akdang isinulat ni Rizal nagmula ang simulain ng kalayaan at nasyonalismo
2. Maipaunawa na ang mga simulain, mithiin, kaisipan at pagpapahalaga sa kalayaan ng bayan ay mga naging dahilan ng kamatayan ni Rizal.
3. Mailahad nang maayos ang mga katangian, kaasalan kakayahan at pagkatao ni Rizal gayundin ang kanyang kaisipan at mga ideya nang sa gayon, malinang ang kagandahang-asal, disiplinang pansarili, mga sibikong Gawain at pagkamabuting mamamayan.
III. Paano napili si Rizal bilang Pambansang Bayani?
 Mga Nagpasiyang pumili ng isang pambansang bayani na magiging huwaran ng mga mamamayang Pilipino. 1. Komisyoner William Howard Taft 2. W. Morgan Shuster 3. Bernard Moises
4. Dean Warcester
5. Henry Clay Ide
6. Trinidad Pardo de
7. Gegorio Araneta
8. Cayetano Arellano
9. Jose Luzurriaga  Pinagpasiyahan nila na si Dr. Jose Rizal ang nararapat na maging pambansang bayani ng Pilipinas.
 Ayon kay Dr. H. Otley Beyer, dalubhasa sa Antropolohiya at teknikal na katulong ng Komisyon,napagkasunduan ng lupon na maging pamanatayan sa pagpili ang mga sumusunod: 1. Pilipino
2. Yumao na
3. May matayog na pagmamahal sa bayan
4. May mahinahong damdamin  Maliban kay Rizal may limang pangalang pinagpilian at ito ay sina: 1. Marcelo H. del Pilar
2. Graciano Lopez Jaena
3. Heneral Anyonio Luna
4. Emilio Jacinto
5. Jose Rizal  Dahilan ng pagkapili kay Rizal
1. Siya ang kauna-unahang Pilipinong umakit upang ang buong bansa ay magkaisang maghimagsik laban sa mga Kastila.
2. Larawan ng Kapayapaan
3. Ang mga Pilipino ay sentimental
Ang Buhay at Pag-aaral ni Rizal
I. Sa Calamba- unang nag-aral si Rizal sa Calamba at Binan.
II. Ang Unang Guro- Ang kanyang ina, tatlong tiyuhin na sina Tiyo Manuel (pagpapalakas ng katawan), Tiyo Jose Alberto ( kahalagahan ng aklat) at Tiyo Gregorio (pagpapahalaga sa sining)
III. Mga Inupahang Guro – Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua at Leon Monroy.
IV. Sa Binan
1. Hunyo, 1869-nagtungo si Rizal sa Binan
2. 1870- pinag-aral sa Binan
3. Guro- Justiniano Aquino Cruz
4. Unang pakikipag-away
5. Pag-aaral ng Pagpinta
6. Araw-araw na buhay
7. Pagtatapos ng Pag-aaral

V. Ang Kawalang Katarungan sa Ina ng Bayani
VI. Ang Pagbitay sa Tatlong Paring Martir
VII. Sa Ateneo
 Hunyo 10, 1872
 Padre Magin Fernando
 Padre Manuel Burgos
 Ang sistemang Edukasyon ng mga Heswita
- Imperyo Romano ( interno)
- Imperyo Carthagena ( externo)
- Emperador (pinakamahusay na estudtante)
- Tribuna (pangalawang pinakamahusay)
- Dekuryon ( pangatlo)
- Senturyon ( pang-apat)
- Tagapagdala ng bandila (panglima)
 Unang Taon ni Rizal sa Ateneo (1872-1873)
*Unang Guro- Padre Jose Bech
 Pangalawang taon (1873-1874)
*Paghula sa Pagpapalaya sa Ina
 Pangatlong Taon-isang medalya lamang sa Latin ang kanyang nakamit
 Ikaapat na Taon
* Hunyo 16, 1875- naging interno siya sa Ateneo
* Padre Francisco de Paulo Sanchez
 Huling Taon sa Ateneo – Nagkamit ng pinakamataas na grado sa lahat ng asignatura-Pilosopiya, Bayolohiya, Kimika at Wika.
VIII. Sa Santo Tomas at ang kanyang buhay Pag-ibig
 Mga Babae sa Buhay ni Rizal
1. Julia(Minang)- Abril 1877
2. Segunda Katigbak – unang pag-ibig at unang kabiguan – Disyembre 1877
3. Bb. L ( Jacinta Laza)
4. Leonora Rivera
 1878- Kumuha ng kursong Medisina
 Kumuha pa rin siya ng bokasyonal sa Ateneo upang maging mahusay na agrimensor
 Mayo 21, 1878 –kumuha ng pagsusulit sa pagka-agrimensor
 Nobyembre 25 1881- nakamit ang lisensya
 1879- A La Juventud Filipina(Sa kabataang Filipina)
 Pebrero 1880 A Filipinas (Sa Pilipinas)
 “El Consejo de los Dioses”
 Disyembre 8, 1880 Junto Al Pasig( Sa Tabi ng Pasig)- dulang isinulat ni Rizal na itinanghal sa Ateneo
 1881 – isinulat ang tulang alay kay Padre Pablo Roman(Rektor ng Ateneo)
 Mga Dahilan ng Pag-alis ni Rizal sa UST)
1. hindi na siya nasisiyahan sa mga pamamaraan ng pagtuturo sa UST
2. ibig niyang magpakadalubhasang mabuti upang mapagaling ang mga mata ng kanyang mahal na ina
3. may hangarin siyang masaksihan at mapag-aralan ang kabuhayan ng mga tao sa Europa.
IX. Mga Paglalakbay
1. Biyahe Patungong Maynila
2. Paglisan
3. Paglalakbay
4. Sa Singapore
5. Mga Panaginip ni Rizal
6. Sa Point De Galle
7. Sa Colombo
8. Patungong Suez
9. Sa Marseilles
10. Sa Port Bou ( hangganan ng Espanya at Pransaya)
11. Sa Barcelona
12. Sa Paris
13. Sa Madrid
• Hunyo 21, 1884- natamo ang lisensya sa panggagamot buhat sa Pamantasang Sentral ng Madrid.
14. Buhay sa Espanya
15. Buhay sa Heidelberg
16. Pagdating sa Vienna –Mga Dalaw na Ipinagbilin
17. Roma, 27 Hunyo 1887

Kaligirang Kasaysayan ng Noli MeTangere
I. Ideya ng Pagsulat
 Dahil sa pagbasa niya ng Uncle Toms Cabin ni Harriet beecher Stowe(Sinasabi rin na naging inspirasyon niya rin sa pagsulat ang nobelang “The Wondering Jew ni Eugenio Sew”) na naglalarawan sa kaawa-awang kalagayan ng mga pinagmalupitang alilang Negro,naisip ni Rizal na maghanda ng isang nobelang maghahayag ng mga paghihirap ng mga kababayan sa ilalim ng mga mapang-aping Espanyol.(Noo’y isa pa siyang estudyante ng Universidad Central de Madrid)
II. Dahilan ng Pagsulat ni Rizal ng Noli Me Tangere
Ipinaliwanag ni Dr Jose Rizal sa Kanyang liham sa matalik na kaibigang si Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt ang mga dahilan kung bakit niya isinulat ang nobela. Ang mga ay ang mga sumusunod:
1. Matugon ang paninirang puring ipinaratang ng mga Kastila sa mga Pilipino at sa bansa.
2. Maiulat ang kalagayang panlipunan, uri ng pamumuhay, mga paniniwala, pag-asa, mithiin o adhikain, karaingan at kalungkutan.
3. Maihayag ang maling paggamit ng relihiyon na ginawang dahilan o sangkalan sa paggawa ng masama.
4. Maipaliwanag ang pagkakaiba ng tunay sa di-tunay na relihiyo. Ang huli ay gumamit ng pamahiin at banal na salita upang makuha ang salapi at mapaniwala ang mga tao sa mga baga-bagay na mahirap matanggap.
5. Mailantad ang kasamaang nakukubli sa karingalan ng pamahalaan.
6. Mailarawan ang mga kamalian, masasamang hilig, kapintasan at kahirapan sa buhay.
III. Ang Pagsulat ng Noli
 Pagtatapos ng 1884, Madrid- Sinimulan at natapos angb kalahati ng Noli.
 Paris,1885- pagkaraan makapagtapos ng pag-aaral sa Madrid, punagpatuloy niya ang pagsusulat at natapos niya ang kalahati ng pangalawang hati
 Alemanya- natapos ang huling sangkapat
 Wilhemsfield, Abril hanggang Hunyo 1886- Natapos ang mga huling kabanata
 Berlin,taglamig ng Pebrero 1886- ginawa ang huling rebisyon ng manuskrito ng Noli. ( May sakit at walang pera, nawalan na siya ng pag-asang mailathala ito kaya sa kanyang desperasyon ay muntik na niyang ihagis sa apoy ang manuskrito).
 Si Viola, Tagapagligtas ng Noli- Pumayag na tustusan ang pagpapalimbag ng Noli, pinahiram din niya si Rizal ng panggastos sa pang-araw-araw. (1886)
 Pagkaraan ng kapaskuhan, inayos ni Rizal ang kanyang nobela. Para makatipid sa gastos ng pagpapalimbag, inalis niya ang ilang bahagi ng manuskrito kasama na ang buong kabanata ng “Elias at Salome”
 Pebrero 21, 1887 – Natapos ang Noli at handa na upang mailathala.
 Kasama niya si Viola sa pagsarbey ng murang imprentahan- Ang Berlin Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft ang may pinakamababang singil-300 piso para sa 2000 sipi ng nobela.
 Natapos ang pagpapalimbag ng Noli- Marso 21, 1887.
 Marso 29, 1887 – binigay ni Rizal ang proof ng Noli, panulat na ginamit niya at komplementaryong sipi kay Viola tanda ng pasasalamat.
 Ang pamagat ng Nobela – Ang Noli Me Tangere ay isang pariralang Latin na ang ibig sabihin ay “Huwag Mo Akong Salingin.” Hindi Ito Orihinal na ideya ni Rizal kung Hindi nakuha niya ito sa Bibliya.

IV. Ang Pag-uwi ni Rizal sa Pilipinas
Noong Hulyo 3, 1887, lumulan ng bapor sa Marseilles, Pransya si Rizal upang umuwi sa Pilipinas sa kabila ng babala sa kanya ni Paciano na huwag umuwi dahil sa mga pagbabanta sa kanyang buhay.

 Mga kadahilana ng kanyang pag-uwi:
1. ooperahan niya ang mata ng kanyang ina
2. mapagsilbihan ang mga kababayang matagal ng pinagmamalupitan ng mga Kastila
3. alamin kung gaano nakaapekto ang kanyang isinulat sa mga Pilipino at Espanyol sa Pilipinas.
4. magtanung-tanong kung bakit wala siyang mabalitaan tungkol kay Leonor Rivera.

V. Ang kaguluhang Likha ng Noli Ne Tangere
Isang katotohanan na malaki ang epekto ng nobelang Noli Me Tangere sa bansa, sa mga Kastila lalo na sa mga kababayang Pilipino ni Rizal. Nakapagpagising ito ng mga damdamin ng mga Pilipino sapagkat pawang katotohanan ang laman nito. Nakapagpagalit naman ito sa mga Kastila lalo na sa mga Prayle, sapagkat karamihan ng mga pangyayaring negatibo tungkol sa ginagawa nilang pamamahala sa simbahan at pakikialam sa pamahalaan ay malinaw na nailarawan ni Rizal. Ayon sa mga kumakalaban sa nobela, naglalaman itong supersibong pahayag na kumakalaban sa pamahalaan athindi dapat basahin sapagkat mortal na kasalanan ang basahin ito.

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