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Bayes

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GUIA DE PROBABILIDAD CONDICIONAL TEOREMA DE BAYES

1. Estamos interesados en saber cuál de dos análisis A y B es mejor para el diagnóstico de una determinada enfermedad, de la cual sabemos que la presentan un 10% de individuos de la población. El porcentaje de resultados falsos positivos del análisis A es del 15% y el de B es del 22%. El porcentaje de falsos negativos de A es del 7% y de B es del 3%. ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de acertar en el diagnóstico con cada método?

2. Con objeto de diagnosticar la colelitiasis se usan los ultrasonidos. Tal técnica tiene una sensibilidad del 91% y una especificidad del 98%. En la población que nos ocupa la probabilidad de colelitiasis es del 20%. a) Si a un individuo de tal población se le aplican los ultrasonidos y dan positivos, ¿cuál es la probabilidad de que sufra la colelitiasis? b) Si el resultado fuese negativo, ¿cuál es la probabilidad de que no tenga la enfermedad?

3. Entre los estudiantes de una Facultad de Filosofía y Letras se dan las siguientes proporciones: el 40% son hombres. El 70% de los varones fuman, mientras que entre las mujeres sólo fuman el 20%. Escogido un estudiante al azar, calcúlese la probabilidad de que fume.

4. Los estudios epidemiológicos indican que el 20% de los ancianos sufren un deterioro neuropsicológico. Sabemos que la tomografía axial computerizada (TAC) es capaz de detectar este trastorno en el 80% de los que lo sufren, pero que también da un 3% de falsos positivos entre personas sanas. Si tomamos un anciano al azar y da positivo en el TAC, ¿cuál es la probabilidad de que esté realmente enfermo?

5. Una enfermedad puede estar producida por tres virus A, B, y C. En el laboratorio hay 3 tubos de ensayo con el virus A, 2 tubos con el virus B y 5 tubos con el virus C. La probabilidad de que el virus A produzca la enfermedad es de 1/3, que la produzca B es de 2/3 y que la produzca el virus C es de 1/7. Se inocula un virus a un animal y contrae la enfermedad. ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de que el virus que se inocule sea el C? . 6. La cuarta parte de los conductores de automóviles son mujeres. La probabilidad de que una mujer sufra un accidente en un año es de 5/10.000, y para los hombres es de 1/10.000. Calcule la probabilidad de que si ocurre un accidente, el accidentado sea hombre.

7. En un campus universitario existen 3 carreras de salud. Se sabe que el 50% cursan estudios de Enfermería, el 30% Medicina y el 20% Tecnología Médica. Los que finalizaron sus estudios son el 20, 10 y 5% respectivamente. Elegido un estudiante al azar, Determine la probabilidad de que haya acabado la carrera. RESP:

RESPUESTAS

1. [pic] [pic] 2. A) [pic] B)[pic] 3. [pic] 4. [pic] 5. [pic], P=produzca 6. [pic] A: accidente. 7. [pic]
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