...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the Therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Contents Introduction Carl Rogers. Background and Influences Theoretical Constructs Strengths and Weaknesses Conclusion Notes References Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the viability of Person-Centred Therapy as an exclusive method of treatment for clients. Without an appreciation of this approach it would be difficult to judge the merits of the claim as laid out in the main essay title. Therefore I will begin with an introduction to Carl Rogers, his background and influences. In this essay I will explore the main theoretical constructs. Following on from this I will look at the advantages of this approach and consider its success in treating psychological disorders. Although Carl Rogers inspired many, he was not without his Critics. Therefore I will include the difficulties and doubts expressed by other Practitioners in order to get an opposing viewpoint. I will end with my evaluation of the claim itself and the reasons why I have arrived at my conclusions. Carl Rogers Background and Influences Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, Chicago, in 1902. His parents were middle-class, respectable and hard-working. His Father was a Civil Engineer and his Mother a stay-at-home housewife. Carl was the fourth child in a family of six children. Rogers’...
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...Outline The Primary Skills Used In Counselling Relationships When planning this essay I assumed that I would just produce a narrative of the primary skills and how they can enhance any counselling relationship but after some thought I felt that for the sake of congruence, ‘a core condition’, along side that narrative I would relate it to my own learning experience. I came to the CPPD thinking that if I wanted to be a therapist, then trying to find a solution to my client’s problems was my only goal. I gave little thought of how I would achieve this and even less thought or credence to the relationship I would have with the client and what power that relationship holds. I have since discovered that we should try and treat the relationship that develops as a living breathing entity, which has the ability itself to shine a light on the client’s blockages. Rogers, in ‘On Becoming A Person’ says that: “ If I can create a relationship characterized on my part: by a genuineness and transparency, in which I am my real feelings; by a warm acceptance of and prizing of the other person as a separate individual; by a sensitive ability to see his world and himself as he sees them; Then the other individual in the relationship: Will experience and understand aspects of himself which previously he has repressed; Will find himself becoming better integrated, more able to function effectively; Will become more similar to the person he would like to be; Will be more self- directing...
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...Describe and Evaluate Two Approaches to the Treatment of Self-Defeating Behaviour “Self-defeating behaviour is the idea that sometimes people knowingly do things that will cause them to fail or bring them trouble. It is defined as “any deliberate or intentional behaviour that has clear, definitely or probably negative effects on the self or on the self’s projects.” The concept of and theories behind why a person behaves in ways that are self-defeating is one that has been examined by many psychological approaches over time. In this essay I will define and explain self-defeating behaviours, their origins, causes and reasons for maintaining them, together with examples of such behaviours. Subsequently I will focus on two approaches to addressing self-defeating behaviours, incorporating similarities and differences. The two approaches I have chosen to look at are Cognitive Behavioural therapy and Person Centred I will then give my personal thoughts as a student counsellor. The origins of self-defeating behaviour can often be traced back to childhood. One trigger may be constant criticism whereby the child is told that he/she can never do anything right, is useless and so on. This can lead to the child engaging in self-defeating behaviour that reinforces their resultant poor self-image. If the parent(s) are seen as the most important people in the child’s life, fear of disappointing them, or of not being able to meet their standards or expectations can result in developing...
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...This essay will be answering the question 'What is Hypnosis?'. It will describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and will be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. It will give a brief history of hypnosis. It will look back over the century's to the many people who have influenced the progression of hypnosis, to how it is seen and practiced to this day. It will discuss the role of relaxation and what happens to achieve relaxation. What is Hypnosis? Hypnosis is nothing new, in fact it has been widely practiced since the early 1700”s Most people are familiar with the term 'mesmerized', which in fact came from an Australian doctor named Franz Anton Mesmer who lived from 1733-1815 (1) Mesmer had a theory that he could heal people with the use of magnets and Franziska Osterlin was his first patient in 1774, followed shortly in 1777 to a young lady musician who had been born blind and was unable to be treated by any doctor. Mesmer did in fact restore the ladies site but in the process she lost the ability to play the piano. Mesmer was accused of magic and was forced to leave Austria. (2) Mesmer moved to France and by the 1780's he moved away from using magnets and instead used a 'healing tree'. He was evaluated by King Louis XVI who concluded that his results were due to individual fantasy and in 1785 he was forced to leave the city where for the next 30 years he lived a secluded life. (2) Shortly before Mesmers death in 1815 he was visited by...
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...Bullying Has on School Aged Children Bullying is a widely known and seen epidemic that negatively impacts its victims, and even the person doing the bullying. Bullying is the act that causes harassment, embarrassment, humiliation, intimidation, and physical or emotional trauma, and is present no matter the age, race, gender, religion, or culture. Although society has seen the ever growing epidemic of bullying in school aged children, the argument of the damaging and everlasting psychological effects that bullying has on the victims are not always talked about or analyzed to show how the victimization impacts the child for much longer than just their childhood. This paper will analyze the long term damaging effects that bullying had on its school aged victims, while looking at the implications for therapists treating the victims, the therapeutic aspects related to bullying, and how the use of therapy can lessen the long term effects that bullying will have on the bullies and their victims. Although, there may not be a complete solution to bullying itself, there is a solution that will limit some of the damaging done to a person from victimization of bullying, by implementing anti-bullying programs in the school systems, and using therapists for all children involved to help the children process their thoughts, feeling, and emotions that stem from bullying. There are many different forms of bullying that school aged children are faced with. There is face-to-face bullying in school...
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...nervosa. Moreover, anorexia nervosa is more prevalent among girls under adolescent between the ages of 15 to 20 years of age who are a high risk. Moreover, more than 95% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are females. Anorexia nervosa, and according to research it normally starts affecting adolescent girls from the age young age of around 13 years all through their entire life up to around 20 years of age. As a result, this essay will target the cases of the adolescent girls between 15 to 20 years of age as they have higher risk or have the problem already. Individuals experiencing eating disorder at times find it difficult to differentiate between what is either normal or abnormal. Anorexia nervosa has many behaviors and thoughts among them body image distortion, inability of maintaining healthy body weights, eating habits that are scarce and fear of eating due to weight gain (Bryson, 2014). Anorexia nervosa may not have huge impacts compared to other diseases in the world but it has serious problems to affected individuals. It causes physical illnesses such as problems associated with stomach, insomnia, fainting of individuals, loss of appetite, loss of weight, extraversion and interruption of regular menstruation cycle. During the...
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...Evaluate the Claim That Person Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients In this essay I will be linking the advantages and disadvantages of Person Centred Therapy and trying to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients successfully using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. I will be looking at the origins of this therapy with specific reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and exploring the important foundations essential for the therapy to be recognised as patient centred. The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (www.bacp.co.uk) state that Person Centred Counselling ‘is based on the assumption that a client seeking help in the resolution of a problem they are experiencing, can enter into a relationship with a counsellor who is sufficiently accepting and permissive to allow the client to freely express any emotions and feelings. This will enable the client to come to terms with negative feelings, which may have caused emotional problems, and develop inner resources. The objective is for the client to become able to see himself as a person, with the power and freedom to change, rather than as an object’. Another definition is www.ncge.ie/handbook PCC ‘focuses on the here and now and not on the childhood origins of the clients’ problems’. The emphasis is on the environment created by the counsellor which...
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...Evaluate the Claim That Person Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients In this essay I will be linking the advantages and disadvantages of Person Centred Therapy and trying to establish whether a therapist can treat all clients successfully using just the one approach or whether it is more beneficial to the client for the therapist to use a more multi-disciplinary approach. I will be looking at the origins of this therapy with specific reference to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers and exploring the important foundations essential for the therapy to be recognised as patient centred. The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (www.bacp.co.uk) state that Person Centred Counselling ‘is based on the assumption that a client seeking help in the resolution of a problem they are experiencing, can enter into a relationship with a counsellor who is sufficiently accepting and permissive to allow the client to freely express any emotions and feelings. This will enable the client to come to terms with negative feelings, which may have caused emotional problems, and develop inner resources. The objective is for the client to become able to see himself as a person, with the power and freedom to change, rather than as an object’. Another definition is www.ncge.ie/handbook PCC ‘focuses on the here and now and not on the childhood origins of the clients’ problems’. The emphasis is on the environment created by the counsellor which...
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...Nursing (NLN) and the American Nurses Association (ANA) stand firm on the need for higher educational standards for nurses in all practice settings, and emphasize the baccalaureate degree as the minimal entry level for ‘professional’ nursing practice (Giger & Davidhizar, 1990). The following essay will discuss the differences in knowledge base and competencies between the associate-degree and the baccalaureate-degree nurse clinician. Historically there have been three routes of entry into the field of nursing. For the purposes of this paper, we will focus on the associates program traditionally offered at community colleges, and the baccalaureate program taught at the university level. Graduates from both of these programs sit for the same (NCLEX-RN) National Council Licensure Examination (AACN, 2015). Course study in an associate’s degree program usually includes nursing fundamentals and clinical care across the lifespan, but their main educational focus revolves around clinical skills, health assessment, and medication administration. Baccalaureate programs, on the other hand, encompass the entire curriculum taught at the associate’s level with a more detailed study of the physical and social sciences, nursing research, public and community health, nursing management, and the humanities. This added educational preparation gives the new...
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...pressure cooker bombs filled with ball bearings were about to explode leaving 170 injured and 3 dead, one of who was 8 year old Martin Richard. Whose mother and sister were severely injured in the explosion. (Hosken, 2013) This certainly was a horrible experience for the Richard family and for many others who were there in-between it all when it happened most likely having them develop PTSD. Traumatic experiences such as this one would often leave the people feeling shaken and disturbed and even though there would be numerous individuals with PTSD this essay will focus on the Richard family and how what they have gone through would be a great cause for them developing PTSD. (Train, 2009) This essay will discuss PTSD thoroughly looking at the following aspects. The clinical description, epidemiology, etiology, the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-IV-TR and lastly the treatment and prognosis will all be discussed in this essay making reference to the Richard family for a clearer understanding of PTSD. 2. Clinical Description A traumatic experience can be described as exposure to an event where someone feels fear, helplessness or horror. (Barlow, 2012) Where victims such as the Richard family may experience some afterward effects of the bombing. First thing that people with PTSD may experience after a traumatic experience is flashbacks. (Barlow, 2012) The victims will reexperience the event through memories and nightmares. These memories and nightmares are usually accompanied...
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...Lauren Schaap Mrs. Vanden Berg English 1: Research Essay 22 February 2018 The Rise of Alternative Medicine Certain medicines are used as substitutes to traditional, or conventional medicines, and they are known as alternative medicines. Alternative medicines have been around for ages, as far back as the ancient and Bible times, but suddenly they are becoming very popular. Some are more effective than others, and some are not as safe as they are claimed to be. Some may not be safe in the sense of being a hazard to one’s body and others are dangerous in how they relate to spiritual hazards. Alternative medicines have been increasing in popularity more than ever and are more effective to some people than to others. Alternative Medicines have...
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...this essay, I plan to explore the concepts of the “nurse-patient relationship” using the necessary literature to back up my findings. I have chosen to study this concept because I am interested in discovering what makes a successful, or indeed, an unsuccessful nurse-patient relationship, as I believe the relationship between nurse and patient to be an integral part of nursing. The main focus of my essay will be around the works of Hildegard Peplau, but I plan to incorporate other theorists, such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, comparing and contrasting their approaches as well as drawing on my own practical experiences out on placement. Before beginning, it is important to understand what a “concept” is. This is so as to fully understand what the essay question is asking. According to Arnold and Underman Boggs (1999), a concept is a series of:- “Broad comprehensive ideas that serve as building blocks to present key ideas that make up models in a logical and focused manner” (p552). Concepts are very important in nursing and it is important that we understand why in order to integrate them into our practice. Nursing is now considered to be an “evidence-based” profession and one that changes constantly as new and fresh ideas are embraced. These ideas are formed through theories which, in turn, are formed through concepts. A fundamental part of the nurse’s role is to maintain confidentiality, and student nurses are no different. Any information included in essays, assignments...
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...University of West London 1 Theoretical Assessment Submission by TurnItin NOTE TO ALL STUDENTS: Please complete section 1 of this form as indicated. Please ensure that all relevant boxes are completed, otherwise assignments cannot be processed efficiently. Section 1 (Student to complete) Please type clearly in the boxes provided |Assignment Title | |Protection of Vulnerable people | | | |2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...Ethics Paper Abstract In today’s society there are many health care professionals who have to conduct group sessions. It is imperative that for the safety of every client and therapist that a thorough training in ethical standards are established. In laying the foundation for ethical standards it is essential to establish boundaries for what exactly constitutes group work. Many people within group therapies will have different ideas and opinions based upon their own interpretation, morals, beliefs, cultural influences, and personal experiences. Within a group session there is a high standard of ethical behavior to protect the members of the group, the facilitators and anyone else involved in the group dynamics. This essay will provide information about how group sessions are conducted, common ethical issues within group therapy and how these issues compare to those from individual counseling. Ethics in Groups Introduction According to Kemp (2010) therapeutic communities consist of having qualities of belonging, governance, communication, interdependence and participation and are known as groups or group counseling. Within group sessions there is a common issue that each individual are coping with. The group is encouraged by the leader to express themselves and give feedback. Each person in the group, including the leader, are to provide new ways of behaving and to tackle issues that an individual presents in a session and provide one another with an opportunity...
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...social care (DOH, 2007). The Coalition continues this commitment towards personalisation of care with its “Capable Communities and Active Citizens” document (DOH, 2010). One key area to ensure that care is delivered in a systematic person-centred way is through effective care planning that involves the patient in the process as a key stake holder. Several systematic models to nursing care are available that will facilitate practitioners in ensuring that all needs of the individual are identified and met. This essay will define what is meant by the term “person centred care”, will explore the systematic nursing models of care delivery and will highlight good practice in constructing person-centred care plans. This will be done using examples of an original care plan (constructed by the author for a real patient whose name has been changed) - and will draw upon information and evidence from a range of contemporary sources. It is appropriate in the context of this essay to firstly define a “person”. A person should not be viewed as a mere physiological entity but rather as an intricate composite of characteristics that make up an individual personality (AHMD, 2007). The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2008) stated that person centred care is the first principle for guiding the delivery of health care. It describes this as health care that is responsive to...
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