...According to his work, individuals’s phycological structure is the one responsible for the way that society is organized (Freud, 1950; 2003; 2005; 2006). Instincts and individual’s constant struggle to control them, are the main components of every society. Freud focused his research on primitive tribes and their psychic life, which were assumed to be an early stage of our own development (Diamond, 1995; Freud, 1950; Ritvo, 1995). Through the comparison of the psychology of primitive human groups and the psychology of the neurotic, Freud referred to the way that humans interact and create rules within their communities (Freud, 1950; 2003; 2005; 2006). For example, he analyzed the rules that primitive tribes had in terms of incestuous sexual relations (Freud, 1950). His work revealed that, even primitive individuals, have a specific social...
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...The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900) PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Wheras there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. I ought to be gratified by this change; but if I was unwilling previously to attribute the neglect of my work to its small value, I cannot take the interest which is now making its appearance as proof of its quality. The advance of scientific knowledge has not left The Interpretation of Dreams untouched. When I wrote this book in 1899 there was as yet no "sexual theory," and the analysis of the more complicated forms of the psychoneuroses was still in its infancy. The interpretation of dreams was intended as an expedient to facilitate the psychological analysis of the neuroses; but since then a profounder understanding of the neuroses has contributed towards the comprehension of the dream. The doctrine of dream-interpretation itself has evolved in a direction which was insufficiently emphasized in the first edition of this book. From my own experience, and the works of Stekel and other writers, [1] I have since learned to appreciate more accurately the significance of symbolism in dreams (or rather, in unconscious thought). In the course of years, a mass of data has accumulated which demands consideration. I have endeavored to deal with these innovations by interpolations in the text and footnotes. If these additions do...
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...Psychoanalysis of Hamlet’s Subconscious Psychoanalytic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet In the first half of the 20th century, when psychoanalysis was at the height of its influence, its concepts were applied to Hamlet, notably by Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones, and Jacques Lacan, and these studies influenced theatrical productions. Freud suggested that an unconscious oedipal conflict caused Hamlet's hesitations. (Artist: Eugène Delacroix 1844). In his The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud's analysis starts from the premise that "the play is built up on Hamlet's hesitations over fulfilling the task of revenge that is assigned to him; but its text offers no reasons or motives for these hesitations".[83] After reviewing various literary theories, Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do".[84] Confronted with his repressed desires, Hamlet realises that "he himself is literally no better than the sinner whom he is to punish".[83] Freud suggests that Hamlet's apparent "distaste for sexuality"—articulated in his "nunnery" conversation with Ophelia—accords with this interpretation.[85][86] John Barrymore's long-running 1922 performance in New York was characterized as "revolutionary in its use of Freudian psychology; in keeping with the post World War I rebellion against everything...
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...Purpose The aim of thesis is to understand the internationalization of IKEA in Asia by comparing between Japanese and Chinese markets. Method This master thesis based on qualitative approach in order to investigate the internationalization of IKEA in Asian markets as a case study since it is beneficial in understanding the observation and explanation of behavior in the certain cases. Conclusion IKEA is considered as retailer internationalization who expands into Japanese market as a result of deregulation and asset-based advantage while internationalize into Chinese market because of supporting environments such as political, social and economic conditions as well as transaction advantage. To success and failure, psychic distance and learning, strategic decision making process, degree of adaptation of retail offer, entry strategy, characteristics of organization and management characteristics are the influencing factors on...
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...The Project Gutenberg EBook of Dream Psychology, by Sigmund Freud This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Dream Psychology EBOOK DREAM PSYCHOLOGY *** Produced by David Newman, Joel Schlosberg and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. DREAM PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOANALYSIS FOR BEGINNERS BY PROF. DR. SIGMUND FREUD AUTHORIZED ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY M. D. EDER WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ANDRÉ TRIDON Author of "Psychoanalysis, its History, Theory and Practice." "Psychoanalysis and Behavior" and "Psychoanalysis, Sleep and Dreams" NEW YORK THE JAMES A. McCANN COMPANY 1920 THE JAMES A. McCANN COMPANY PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The medical profession is justly conservative. Human life should not be considered as the proper material for wild experiments. Conservatism, however, is too often a welcome excuse for lazy minds, loath to adapt themselves to fast changing conditions. Remember the scornful reception...
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...The Project Gutenberg EBook of Dream Psychology, by Sigmund Freud This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Dream Psychology Psychoanalysis for Beginners Author: Sigmund Freud Release Date: March 28, 2005 [EBook #15489] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DREAM PSYCHOLOGY *** Produced by David Newman, Joel Schlosberg and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. DREAM PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOANALYSIS FOR BEGINNERS BY PROF. DR. SIGMUND FREUD AUTHORIZED ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY M. D. EDER WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY ANDRÉ TRIDON Author of "Psychoanalysis, its History, Theory and Practice." "Psychoanalysis and Behavior" and "Psychoanalysis, Sleep and Dreams" NEW YORK THE...
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...The internationalisation process of the firm - a case study Tomas Sylverberg - - Avdelning, Institution Division, Department Datum Date 2004-01-20 Ekonomiska institutionen 581 83 LINKÖPING Språk Language Svenska/Swedish X Engelska/English Rapporttyp Report category Licentiatavhandling Examensarbete ISBN ISRN Internationella ekonomprogrammet 2004/26 C-uppsats X D-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer Title of series, numbering ISSN Övrig rapport ____ URL för elektronisk version http://www.ep.liu.se/exjobb/eki/2004/iep/026/ Titel Title Företagets internationaliseringsprocess - en fallstudie The internationalisation process of the firm - a case study Författare Author Tomas Sylverberg Sammanfattning Abstract Background: The Uppsala model is the most accepted paradigm regarding the internationalisation process of the firm. This thesis tries to complement the Uppsala model with Porter's theories regarding internationalisation. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study to what extent the Uppsala model is applicable to a small manufacturing firm, and to see if the theory, combined with the Porterian framework, can provide a more solid framework for the description of the internationalisation process of the firm. Method: The master thesis is based on one personal interview with the CEO of the study object, Bukowski design. Results: The internationalisation process of the firm can to some extent be explained using the Uppsala...
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...Plath had with her father, Otto Emil Plath. Her poem makes great use of metaphor, alliteration, repetition, symbolism and imagery. The poem was written by Plath on the 12th of October, 1962. It was written a year before Plath’s suicide on the 11th of February, 1963. The poem was published posthumously, in her vast collection of poetry named Ariel, in 1965. It is a rancorous and brutal poem, consisting of sixteen-five line stanzas. Within the poem, the language alternates between a lyrical tone and an ironic critique of the endless depth of despair Plath feels. ‘Daddy’ works in its entirety by creating a replica of Plath’s supposed psychic state in the readers, so that we almost re-live her despair, horror, rage, revenge, insanity and masochism. Throughout ‘Daddy’ there is an emotionally distraught rhythm, almost bringing us as readers to the comprehension of Plath’s tortured mental state. In the exact same sentiment that Marxism is concerned with alienation, the overwhelming impression of the poem is that of alienation, amongst others. In addition, Plath clearly expresses her personal unsettling relationship with her...
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...to hour" (Scarry 46). Killing tends to present legalized murder as either normal or necessary. War reduces people to targets who must be killed to satisfy military objective. Such scenes tend to suggest that the conditions of war strip men of their humanity, to reveal the primitive animal instincts. Consequently, war involves a very wide range of traumatic experiences, including immediate threat of death and disfigurement, physical injury, psychological torture and death of others. The reality of trauma and the struggle to conceptualise it are becoming increasingly visible in a world where local and global conflicts can be reported on and witnessed by people far removed from the actual site of the event. Horrible things happen to a great range of people, and the survivors are exposed to the long-term effects. In this sense, psychological trauma is becoming a contemporary condition, as Lenore Terr explains in Too Scared To Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (1990), "[t]raumatic events are external, but they quickly become incorporated into the mind" (8). Van der Kolk makes a similar point about the complicated nature of trauma when he says, "[t]raumatization occurs when both internal and external resources are inadequate to cope with external threat" (393). Both Lenore Terr and Van der Kolk make the point that a traumatic experience impacts the entire person, the way they think, learn, remember things, feel about themselves, feel about other people, and make sense of the world....
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...Aldous Huxley captures the effect of the application of scientific methods to procedures in the modern American society to a more substantial degree than ever, recognized by readers of his novel, Brave New World. This portrays a world centered around scientific progress and control. Huxley brings to light the extremity of influence given to Americans by revolutionary science. In an effort to forever improve, society has conformed to many ways of fixing imperfections. From surgeries and medications for honest sicklings to injections for greedy, pretentious abusers, people as a whole have transformed from the good ole days to the fast-paced, materialistic world. While discoveries in science are often for the benefit of society, is it possible that these newfound treasures are actually a preface for rot and ruin? Since most little girls could remember, the only way it seemed plausible to become successful was by living in the body of Cinderella or Barbie or Miss America. As they began to mature, nothing changed. The image remained as a beautiful bag of bones when media and celebrities were constantly thrown in their face. In the past, if they didn’t have “the look”, they were left hopeless and self-conscious. Thankfully, some idiot decided they would abuse the power of nature and science by providing these girls with an answer to their prayers. Plastic Surgery! What they didn’t account for was the impact. Now, not only were the glamorous allowed to have the image, everyone was-again...
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...inability to foresee the potential of the CEE region strongly reflects the ineffectiveness in the EC policies. Shortly after transition to democracy, ten CEE states (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) declared their utmost desire to join the “family of Europe” (Andonova 2004). As the idea of EU membership for these newly independent democracies in Central and Eastern Europe started to gain some serious ground in the early 90s, the debate over enlargement and its economic, social and The first chapter is like a long foreword of the dissertation. It introduces the dissertation document (report) and the research behind it in sufficient detail. Its purpose is to provide the reader with all fundamental information regarding the research and its report. It is usually about a tenth of the total count of the study. It usually has the following sections. o Background o Research Statement Research Questions ...
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...as dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is defined as the discrepancy between what the characters of a drama know and what the audience knows, what is being said in the play that we know has a different meaning than it has for the characters in the play. This form of theatrical literature is seen over and over again in Oedipus the King. Oedipus sets forth on a mission that is very unknown to him, but very obvious for the audience, thus simplifying the importance of dramatic irony in this play. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus’ ignorance and the audience’s knowledge work hand-in-hand together to give a greater understanding of dramatic irony. The theatrical play on dramatic irony doesn’t only play a role on the characters, but the audience and the reader as well. Oedipus the King is one of the Three Great Theban Plays written by Sophocles. The play begins in the town of Thebes and its suffering from within, and Oedipus, the King of Thebes, sends a priest off to the heavens to discover the reasoning behind the suffering. The priest returns and says that the god, Apollo, told him that the reason for this suffering was because one of the murderers of the former King, Laius, still...
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...HOMOSEXUALITY The issue of homosexuality is gaining ground and spreading like wild fire in this modern age both in the political, social spheres and not sparing the church. It has come out as the term goes, left its closet, and it is knocking on different doors ranging from homes to schools and surprisingly even on the Christian institutions. The advocates of homosexuality have gone to the extent of preaching their doctrine of love, tolerance, equality, and justice through television channels, radio programmes, newspapers, and magazines and going to the point of demonstrating with their banners flying high in different cities of the world and not excluding the major cities of this nation, United Kingdom. The activists of homosexuality do not want to be perceived as abnormal or dangerous not even to be called sinners. Their main goal is that they want to plant a seed of identity in our community; and furthermore they have that zeal at the back of their mind to be received with open and loving hands and if possible to be approved by any denomination. In case of those who are not familiar with the term, homosexuality, it well defined as the scenario whereby beings of the same sex or gender are attracted to each other for sexual fulfilment or gratification. In different countries several issues have been raised in relation to homosexuality. Governments and states are splitting and bills are being introduced by the pro homosexual politicians to ensure that...
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...Attention makes the process attended to more clear and distinct in consciousness. Therefore, when people are focused properly, the advertised objects appear to be more clear, distinct, and sharp-cut. In the same way, things of which we are merely conscious tend to be less indistinct, whereas objects we are attending to, are well-defined. For example, the information we receive through commercial, is based on enhanced look of the product, and that product is given to us in unique and distinctive way, so it catches our attention. Commercial industry is very well aware of the mechanic, which rules the process of human attention, and uses its laws to gain maximum profit from advertising, resulting in increased sale. Accordingly, there are few psychic rules, which describe how to achieve desired focus on the product. For instance, attention aids memory. If advertised product has not been attended to, it is very soon forgotten. For example commercial of new sport BMW, could not be remembered at all by somebody who does not...
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...importance. Margaret Washburn was born in Harlem, New York, July 25th 1871 and was an only child. She developed some of the most interesting theories about the relationship between motor development and mental activity. She worked with animals during her early schooling during some of her controversial studies wrote her book The Animal Mind (1904). She stated that “All psychic interpretation of animal behavior must be on the same analogy of human experience…Our acquaintance with the mind of animals rests upon the same basis as our acquaintance with the mind of our fellow man”(541). This was at a time when women were not supposed to express higher reasoning. One can only imagine the scrutiny she must have endured at hands of her peers and those in administrative positions with schools she was working from. There were many researchers around during this time who would have adamantly disagreed with her theories such as Rene Descates’ who believed that animals have no mind, no memory, and therefore no souls. Margaret’s parents were both natives of New York. Her father did not have any higher but was an avid reader. He entered the Episcopal ministry eight years after her birth and encouraged his only child to pursue higher education (O’Connell & Russo,...
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