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Berlin Conference

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The Berlin Conference that occurred from 1884-1885 was convened to sort out the control of Africa trade and regulated European colonization during the New Imperialism period. The New Imperialism period coincided with Germany’s sudden emergence as an imperial power. At the request of Portugal, German Chancellor Otto von Bismark called together all the major western powers of the world. Bismark was glad for the opportunity to expand Germany’s influence over Africa and desired to force Germany’s rivals to struggle with one another for territory. This conference was the undoing of Africa as it eliminated most of the existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance while at the same time heightened the colonial activity by European powers. At the time of the conference 80% of Africa remained under the Native Traditional and local control. The outcome of the conference was the General Act of the Berlin Conference which is also known as the formalization of the Scramble for Africa. This General Act addressed six issues: 1. Freedom of trade in the basin of the Congo 2. Slave Trade 3. Neutrality of the territories in the basin of the Congo 4. Navigation of the Congo 5. Navigation of the Niger 6. Rules for future occupation on the coast of the African continent. http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/l/bl-BerlinAct1885.htm The conference officially opened in Berlin on November 15, 1884 with fourteen countries being represented by ambassadors. The represented countries included: Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, Turkey and the United States. France, Germany, Great Britain and Portugal were the major players out of these fourteen nations and controlled most of colonial Africa at the time. The first initial task was to agree that the Congo River

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