...Network Security Clint Tipps September 21, 2014 ISSC340/ APUS Prof. Bryan Jensen Abstract This paper will cover several aspects of network security. Numerous different aspects of wired and wireless network security, including protocols applied to secure a network, penetration testing, digital forensics, and network hardening will be covered. There are numerous methods for providing security to a network, and even more to gain access to one. The challenge is to be one step ahead of anyone who may wish to penetrate the network. For this reason, many owners of large networks perform penetration testing in order to identify potential holes in their network. If malicious activity is detected, using digital forensics can help identify where the attack came from. This would, in turn, lead to a network engineer to harden the network against the identified threat. Network Security Over the last decade, computer systems have increased in speed and capacity while decreasing in price. Computers that where once used in corporate environments are now less powerful than a typical household computer. While this sea change occurred, network communications have grown and improved, to allow computers to communicate easily from remote locations, adding vast opportunities for illegal activities. Data can maliciously be changed or destroyed, systems can be made to malfunction and long distance charges can be avoided. One of the biggest challenges today is to control the security of the...
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... Security on the Internet The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, is still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a high-availability command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, yet it cannot resist college undergraduates. The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up apart of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, is still growing and evolving at a fast pace, is probably impossible. Changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply fixes. The challenges for the security industry are growing. With the electronic commerce spreading over the Internet, there are issues such as nonrepudiation to be solved. Financial institutions will have both technical concerns, such as the security of a credit card number or banking information, and legal concerns for holding individuals responsible for their actions such as their purchases or sales over the Internet. Issuance and management of encryption keys for millions of users will pose a new type of challenge. While some technologies have been developed...
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...Biometrics within Financial Institutions Abstract This paper presents a problem with the use of technology within the Credit Unions and Banking industries. Technological innovations have allowed the industry to be more open to consumers and challenges that the current economy has posed. Modern technology is also change the landscape of how, when and where business is conducted with financial institutions and consumers, businesses, and other organizations. Technology driven issues such as privacy, security and trust, have been pushed to the forefront, which makes the line between mobile banking and banking online increasing difficult to distinguish. Credit Unions like other banking institutions rely on gathering, processing, analyzing and providing information to meet the demands of the consumer. Given the importance of information systems within banking its not surprising to find, risks within the systems are developing in nature. History Truliant Federal Credit Union was started in Winston-Salem, North Carolina around 1952. They serve over 180,000 member owners and more than 900 business and organizations with $1.6 billion in assets. Truliant as it will be referred to in this paper has 21 financial locations in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. One philosophy that stands out or is a representation of what this particular Credit Union stands for is “ people helping people”. Like other not for profit organizations, they provide individuals and small business with...
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...Abstract The topic that I would like to discuss in my term paper is “Current Security Issues in Cloud Computing”. As of today, cloud computing is a flexible, cost-efficient, and established transfer platform for giving business or user IT services on the internet. Yet, cloud computing presents an additional level of risk because crucial services are time and again outsourced to a moderator. This makes it more difficult to uphold data security, privacy, support data, service availability, and validate compliance. It is my goal to discuss some of the current issues involved with the cloud and how important that they are to everyone. What is Cloud? Cloud computing is a capable computing regular where computing resources in big data points are made accessible as services over the internet. It has become a renowned IT by presenting a professional atmosphere for data storage capability. It is a standard for computing and is provides a striking, enormous, significant asset that contains any subscription-based or pay-per-use service over the web. Cloud is on-demand admission to virtualized IT services and products. Places like Amazon and Google are presently giving such services, by charging customers by means of an on-demand strategy. Being that consumers put their sensitive information on the clouds public domains, huge problems for cloud implementation are lack of security and access control. The key obstacle is that the doubtful info drifts as service providers can access...
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...developed the planar transistor whereby microscopic circuit boards could be laid out on the silicon surface, thus allowing the compacting of these circuits onto integrated circuits (“Darby consulting”). Today, however, information technology is a part of nearly every business and personal activity (Brooks, 2010). Because information technology is so widely used, the opportunity for individuals to engage in information technology in an unethical manner is abundant. This is why it is essential for education systems and businesses to address the ethical concerns of information technology usage. It is imperative that education systems and businesses develop a practical code of ethics to prevent ethical dilemmas and infractions, or at least try to mitigate them. Information technology has caused widespread society ethical changes. To previous generations, information technology was reserved for very specific industries. There was a selective segregation who worked with information technology and what pieces of information were impacted by information technology (Brooks, 2010). With the emergence of Microsoft in the 1990s, information technology emerged as a rapidly evolving industry. The world transitioned from a manual world to a digitally controlled world within a matter of years. Today, nearly everyone interacts with some form of information technology on a daily basis and this interaction is practically non-stop from morning until night (Nuyen, 2004). As a result of...
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...years past, security threats came from geniuses or nerdy students with lots of time. The numbers of these people were relatively small. Their main motivation was to prove that they could break into another network. Since then, the number of potential attackers and the sophistication of the attacks have increased exponentially. Attacks that once required attackers to have an advanced degree in computing now can be done with easily downloaded and freely available tools that the average junior-high student can figure out how to use. Every company and almost every person connects to the Internet, making essentially the whole world vulnerable to attack. The biggest danger today may be the changes in attacker’s motivation. Instead of looking for a challenge, or to steal millions, today’s attackers can be much more organized and motivated. Organized crime tries to steal billions by extorting companies by threatening a denial of service (DoS) attack on the companies’ public web servers. Or they steal identity and credit card information for sometimes hundreds of thousands of people with one sophisticated attack. Attacks might come from nation-states or terrorists. Not only might they attack military and government networks, but they might try to disrupt infrastructure services for utilities and transportation and cripple economies. Security is clearly a big issue, and one that requires serious attention. To appreciate a bit more about the dangers inside the Enterprise network, it helps...
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...INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Today, in order to efficiently and effectively deal with data confidentiality and system security, organizations must adopt an approach that is both holistic and proactive. This decision traditionally involves an evaluation of the business processes involved, assessment of compliance with regulations and standards, and the identification of information systems and technology capability. Cloud Computing has become one of the most discussed and sought after solutions for dealing with such challenges. According to IDC Cloud, research suggests that IT Cloud Services spending will reach $47.4 billion in 2013 and is expected to be more than $107 billion in 2017 with an annual growth rate of 23.5 percent, five times that of the industry (IDC, 2013). Cloud Computing is a resourceful model that allows enterprises to accelerate innovation, decrease infrastructure costs, improve resource utilization, and greater ability to manage information technology security (PwC, 2010). The “Cloud” refers to the Internet, a collection of interconnected networks that communicate with each other, and it can be accessed globally. Cloud Computing employs network resources to deliver services entirely online. The National Institute of Standards and Technology defines Cloud Computing as: “A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)...
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...more sophisticated. The biggest challenge companies face in tackling IT risks is the growing sophistication of hackers and other cyber-criminals, according to 55 percent of survey respondents. One-third of companies suffered significant financial damage as a result of attacks such as hacking and phishing (where customers or employees are tricked into disclosing passwords and account details) over the past 12 months. Companies must now contend with a range of hi-tech attacks orchestrated by well-organised, financially-motivated criminals. III. To what degree are IT security risks and business risks interrelated? IV. What are the What disadvantages might a business encounter from a "locked-down" IT environment a. and how can these be balanced against the disadvantages of a security breach? V. ethics as it relates to handling consumer or patient data and intellectual property. IT “Locked Down”: Good or Bad Strategy? Posted on December 23, 2011 by Phat Pham As organizations worldwide take advantage of information technology to reduce cost and increase performance, digital information can be shared and available over the Internetworking computers, the risk of data security breaches is increasingly concerned. Several major risks that concern Information Technology (IT) professionals and business owners are system breakdown, disaster recovery, and data integrity, which are also the most concerns of the potential business risks. Security threats exist from all attacks...
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...Case Study 1: Cyber Security in Business Organizations Abstract This paper examines the importance of cyber security in business organizations and discovering better methods to combat cyber terrorism in the future. Data breaches in the work place have become an increased threat to personal privacy as well as to the economic livelihood of many organizations. In this paper we will further examine how a simple data breach almost brought the retail giant Target to the brink of destruction and provide detailed accounts of other recent data security breaches that have effected other business organizations and discuss what could be done to prevent them. Cyber Security in Business Organizations Modern global industries rely heavily on the data that they acquire to stay relevant in order to compete in a constantly moving world of technology. Protecting present and future data from potential cyber theft has become a vital need to the economic livelihood of today’s organizations. In today’s business world, organizations must prepare themselves for not only increased vulnerability attacks from exterior threats of cyber terrorist seeking to gain access to a company’s private data and resources but also have to take in account and be mindful of the interior threat of disgruntled employees whose mission is to expose or sale company sensitive or secret data for their own profitable gain. In today’s era of computing, cyber security can be described and defined in several ways...
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...organizations” (Opara, 2003). Without “information”, organizations would most likely collapse as information is required to run the day-to-day doings of a business. Olowu states that “information entails data, facts, imaginations, ideas, opinions and cultural values in a variety of media which includes print, audio-visual materials and electronic processes” (Olowu, 2004). This shows how information flows within and between cultural groups. This represents an important part of “alternative conceptualization” (Nissen, 2002), which focuses on transaction (e.g. data to information, information to knowledge). This means data is necessary to produce information which, in turn, is necessary for creating knowledge that is conveyed (e.g. via paper, network, speech and observable action). And C.C. Aguolu feels that information is “the message of human experience” (Aguolu, 2002); rather, what is basically a stimulus assumes a response in the receiver, and possesses a response itself. This message can be made in any medium, in any language or in any subject. Some psychologists have even described the flow of information as a “basic” human need, while philosophers go on to say that the flow of information is a right of the people which enables them to participate effectively in society, thus enhancing education, knowledge and the basic learning process. This flow of information allows people to make decisions on issues that affect them. This “basic human need” therefore is also a most...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cyber security and its challenges to society Final Project Report Group Members Abdul Majid Qayyum Umair Arshad Hasnat Ahmed Gulraiz Shabbir Contents Introduction: 3 Why is cyber security important? 4 The Impact of Cyber Security 5 The Cultural Impact 5 The Official Impact 5 The Solution Impact 5 Defining Cyber Security 6 Technology & Modern Life 6 What is Cyberspace? 6 What is Cyber Warfare? 6 Cyber is not Hype 7 What Cyber Security Isn’t 7 Cyber-crime 8 Types of Cyber-crimes 8 Hacking: 8 Theft: 8 Cyber Stalking: 9 Identity Theft: 9 Malicious Software: 9 Child soliciting and Abuse: 9 Cyber Bullying 10 Causes of Cyber-crime 10 History of Cyber-crime 10 Cyber-crime in Modern Society 11 Categories of Cyber-crime 11 Individual: 12 Property: 12 Government: 12 How to Tackle Cyber-crime 12 RECENT SURVEY ISSUES ON CYBER SECURITY TRENDS 14 Mobile Devices and Apps 14 Social Media Networking 14 Cloud Computing 14 Protect systems rather Information 15 New Platforms and Devices 15 Everything Physical can be Digital 15 Survey Questions 16 Conclusion 16 Cyber Security and its Challenges to Society Introduction: Over the past several years, experts and policy makers have expressed increasing concerns about protecting internet from cyber-attacks—deliberate attempts by unauthorized persons to access. Many experts expect the number and severity of cyber-attacks to increase over the next several years...
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...Even once a person realizes he or she has a passion for information security, moving in the field can seem a daunting task. The education market is oversaturated with degrees, certifications, and training programs. Meanwhile, many prominent hackers mock those programs publicly. Although I’ve touched on security education and training quite a bit, I’m continually asked to provide a resource for people who are trying to transition from school or other fields into Information Security roles. Ours is a healthy job market and we do need qualified and motivated applicants. The jobs exist, but we repeatedly see candidates being given false advice to get them. With tremendous and very much appreciated help from many of my colleagues and friends in the field, I have endeavored to compile a comprehensive blog about starting an InfoSec career. This is a very lengthy blog broken into sections that may help people as parts or as a whole. We want you to succeed in our field. As always, please feel free to ask questions or leave comments / gripes / suggestions. Chapter 1: The Fundamentals Unfortunately, for all the interminable hacking tool tutorials and security guides floating around the internet, many InfoSec job candidates haven’t grasped two fundamental concepts: * To hack something (or defend it from hacking), you must have a solid understanding of how that thing works. And, * InfoSec is not a career that can be put in a box once you go home from work or school. You must be...
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...review to compare the advantages and disadvantages of Windows Server and Linux. The recommendation of an operating system will ensure Riordan’s business operations continue with compatibility between all locations with the highest level of security, administration, networking, performance, and programmabilityimplemented. Security Although there are proponents everywhere for each type of operating system available on the market today, the focus of this project team, at the request of Riordan management, is to compare the security advantages and disadvantages of Windows Server and Linux. Windows Server Advantages. Windows Server has improved over the years in providing basic security provisions for administrators. Access to any system is extremely important to security professionals, such as domain name system (DNS), active directory domain services (AD), and access to web servers using Internet Information Services (IIS). DNS security extensions (DNSSEC) provide added security when a consumer is gaining access to a company’s website as well as how the company interacts with the consumer securely. In relation to AD, authentication for end users within a company to gain access to network resources is achieved based on whether the user logs on via certificate-based login and the type of certificate, but for web servers using IIS, “request filtering will be added to allow [companies] to restrict types of HTTP requests that IIS...
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...Delicate, difficult, presents challenges 2. Body b. Past i. History of Internet Regulation 1. Early role of regulation a. Mediate connectivity between researchers, government 2. Milestones and events that shaped regulation b. 70s and before - Lab experiments c. 80s - Early commercialization d. 90s - Widespread adoption i. Early malicious activity ii. Educational organizations e. 2000 to present iii. The need to curb crime iv. The need to protect consumers and businesses v. The defense of our nation’s assets 3. Leaders in Internet regulation f. Efforts at home g. Efforts abroad 4. The challenges of regulation ii. Why broad regulation has proven difficult 5. Technology meant for other purposes 6. Grew too quickly c. Present iii. Structure 7. Present-day regulations h. How ongoing Internet regulation works 8. Who controls the Internet? i. Who enforces regulation? 9. How infractions are punished iv. Problem areas 10. Intellectual Property/Copyright Infringement 11. Provision of service issues j. Network Neutrality 12. Predatory...
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...establishing a program for implementation and use of information systems in ways that will optimize effectiveness of information resources and use them to support the objectives of the organization. In order to fulfill alignment the plan should:- ❖ Be deeply embedded in business issues ❖ Continue to meet Data Processing and MIS Needs ❖ Have objectives and priorities derived from business imperatives ❖ Provide long term benefits and advance business strategy First, let’s look at why alignment problems occur. In some organizations, alignment difficulties can begin as communication problems when business and technical staff speak different languages and develop differing expectations. In other organizations, politics and control issues cause animosity and misalignment between IT and business staff. As an example, in one global company, IT sponsored an elaborate project with the sole objective of leading business operations to a solution predefined by IT. The project failed to win over its intended audience and further decreased...
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