...Alfred Binet Alfred Binet was a french psychologist who was born in 1857 and died in 1911. He is the inventor of the first usable intelligence test, which is known today as the IQ test. His main goal was to indentify students who needed special attention in when it came to learning. With the help of his collaborator,Theodore Simon, he published the last revision of his intelligence scale right before his death in 1911. Further refinements of the scale were published after his death, but they are all known as IQ tests. He was the only child and was born into a well educated family, his mother an artist and his father was physician. His parents divorced at a young age and he moved to Paris with his mother. He attended law school, and planned on going to medical after earning his degree but later decided that he was more interested in psychology. He became somewhat of a self-taught psychologist by reading books by Charles Darwin, Alexander Bain, and others. In 1894, he conducted one of the first psychological studies into chess, to study the cognitive facilities. He hypothesized that chess depends upon the qualities of psychology in visual memory but after studying chess masters, it was concluded that memory was only the part of cognition in the game process. The line of psychological chess research was later followed up during the 1950s by Reuben Fine and later by Adriaan de Groot. After attending law school and earning his degree in 1878, he got his first formal...
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...assessment will be discussed in this such as Alfred Binet, Jene Piaget, David Wechsler, Lewis Terman, and Jack Neglieri History of Intellectual Assessment Paper The assessment of intelligence started a long time ago in the BC era as time went by the development of intelligence testing increase and some are well respected. Intelligence tests are measures designed to assess the level of cognitive capabilities of an individual compared to other people in a population (Kowalski, R. & Westen, D., 2001). Although the different psychologist had different point of view about how to measure intelligence, they all made a impact on intelligence testing in their time period. The history of intellectual assessment can be trace back over 200 years in an era called foundation by psychologist ranging from Plato 347 BCE to Itard 1838 they formed the foundation for other to explorer in modern intelligence. The next era was called modern foundation the psychologist ranging from Locke to Darwin to Charcot continue to influence the study of intelligence. The third era which was called “The great school” made an impact of the study of intelligence. The psychologists Wundt to Cattell to Edison explorer other countries to profile intelligence and came back to the United States to have a big influence. As this era continue to grow the assessment of intelligence started to develop with a psychologist by the named of Alfred Binet. Alfred Binet describes intelligence as “It seems to us that...
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...Research Paper Alfred Binet The College of the Bahamas September 13th, 2012 Alfred Binet, was born in Nice, France on July 11th 1957. His mother was an artist and his father a physician. Today. He has became a well-known psychologist in history. Alfred Binet's most important accomplishment was getting other psychologists interested in the normal human mind and what it's capable of. Other psychologists during that time-period were far more interested in the mind of the mentally handicapped and brain sizes. After his parent's divorce, He later moved to Paris with his mother. He received his tertiary education at Lycee Louis -le-Grand. He graduated from law school in 1878, Alfred Binet had first planned to follow his father’s footsteps in the medical field and so he enrolled in medical school. Alfred Binet decided to become a lawyer even though he was not satisfied with his choice. After studying science at Sorbonne, he became literate in psychology by reading works by individuals such as Charles Darwin and John Stuart Mills. Immediately afterwards, he began working at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris under the guidance of John-Martin Charcot. Later he moved to a position at the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology where he was the associate director and researcher. In 1894, he was then made director of the laboratory. He related with the associationism theory suggested by J.S. Mills. In 1884, He met and married Laure Balbiani. They produced two daughters-...
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...Intelligences 1. Francis Galton a. Measured head circumferences in a first attempts to measure intelligence 2. Binet-Simon intelligence scale a. Developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, this test was used to evaluate the performance of children based on a chronological age. This Measure was used to identify the mental quotient and learning potential of that child. Notes. Galton’s was a pioneer in the applied science of eugenics. He took notice to similarities passed down from one family member to the next and believed certain characteristics like intelligence had something to do with cranial circumferences (Galton, 1869). Though, Galton’s methods of investigation may have been valid according the means of the time the judgments made toward these account were more accurate. This improved over time as Galton was able to pioneer his techniques for measuring head sizes. He was also able to identify differences in races as one of the remaining differences based on brain-body allometric regressions (Rushton, 1990). Binet and Simon were asked by the French government to help identify children who may need help with education as new laws made it mandate for all children to attend school. Based on the challenge that presented them they created a series of test questions focusing on a range of measures that the schooling did not teach. During his study, Binet was able to identify that the children ranged in how they answered, some could answer more advanced questions that...
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...the ability to think, solve problems, analyze situations, and understand social values, customs, and norms” (Logston, YYYY). Although the different psychologist had different points of views about how to measure intelligence, they all made an impact on intelligence testing in their time period. In this paper we will discuss the men that discovered what kind of test could be used in testing intelligence, who they are, and more about what intelligence is. We will discuss the history of intellectual assessment. We will also discuss how intellectual functioning can have an impact on your personal success. Some of the key figures in intellectual assessment will be discussed in this such as Jene Piaget, David Wechsler, Lewis Terman, and Alfred Binet. Key People in Intellectual Assessments As we begin speaking about the key people in intellectual assessments we ask that you take note in the combination of them all! With the study of only one of these men and their research we wouldn’t fully understand what intelligence is or how it works and builds throughout the stages of our lives. I will start first with Jean Piaget. “Jean Piaget was born in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) on August 9, 1896. He died in Geneva on September 16, 1980” (Ginn, YYYY). Jean Piaget had a lot to do with the intellectual assessment because Piaget discovered that children think and...
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...Seiler, Psy.D. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 2 Abstract It has been proven that the Stanford Binet test has helped diagnosed developmental disabilities and is very useful in clinical and neurological assessment on identifying intellectually deficient children. This paper will describe the characteristics, uses, and purposes of identifying intellectually deficient children. Analyzing the personality relationships of Cognitive Thinking with intellectually deficient children. Summarizing and differentiate diagnostically the targeted population of the intellectually deficient children. Identifying the psychometric properties of the Stanford Binet test for the particular population of the intellectually deficient children. Finally concluding with two review literatures, The Family Education Rights & Privacy Act and APA guidelines for development, administration and scoring and interpretation of tests for ethical consideration associated with the Stanford-Binet testing. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 3 Stanford-Binet Personality Assessment Test The Stanford-Binet Personality Assessment Test was developed in France to initiate the modern field in intelligence testing. This test was revised in the United States by a French psychologist named Alfred Binet. He had been commissioned by the French government to cultivate a process classifying intellectually deficient children. This test was...
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...Nature or Nurture? Charles Spearman proposed a general intelligence factor, g, which underlies all intelligent behavior. Many scientists still believe in a general intelligence factor that underlies the specific abilities that intelligence tests measure. Other scientists are skeptical, because people can score high on one specific ability but show weakness in others. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon (Simon and Binet, 1905) produced the first form of modern intelligence testing in 1905. The test had a practical purpose and was used to identify children who may need extra help with their school work. Due to the purpose of the test, the exercises Binet and Simon asked the children to complete were very similar to tasks the children completed within schools, i.e. measures of vocabulary, comprehension of facts and relationships and mathematical and verbal reasoning. The Binet & Simon test was later modified and extended by Lewis Terman and his associates at Stanford University where it was translated for use in the United States (Terman 1916, Terman and Merrill, 1937). The test became known as the Stanford-Binet test and is still being used referred to as Intelligence Quotient; (I.Q). the I.Q. score was calculated by comparing the child’s chronological age, (which means their age is years and months), with their mental age (which refers to the child’s ability to solve problems of certain levels.) i.e if a child could answer questions...
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...developing. This keeps research always on a roll in better understanding why someone’s personality is the way it is. Continuing to improve a picture of personality psychology and a better understanding on why individuals act the way they do. According to the U.S Census (2002) one out of every four individuals who live in the United States has lived in another country before moving to the United States and has internalized more than one culture. One theoretical position that is currently being used by researchers in personality psychology is cultural blendedness. Cultural blendedness captures the degree of overlap vs. dissociation or compartmentalization perceived between the two cultural identities of orientation (Huynh, Nguyen & Binet-Martínez, 2011). Binet-Martínez and Haritatos (2005) examination of the demographic, contextual and personality correlates of BII showed that...
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...various reasons. Testing intelligence throughout the years has changed. People change and not the same factors can determine one’s intelligence. The majority of individuals who take intelligence testing are for placement, such as children starting school, college, and employment. Children for example, take testing, and evaluations to see what cognitive development level the child is at and to see if that child meets the basic standard for that age group (Benson, 2003). Intelligence testing determines the level for college students, and adults, such as entering college, and employee candidates for job placement. Today in society there are several testing options for intelligence, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and College Admission Test (SAT), (Benson, 2003). The American Psychological Association uses the intelligent intelligence approach for testing, as other professionals do. The intelligence testing determines effectiveness, and analyzes theories in this paper. Intelligence Testing Theories Intelligence testing is determined through a series of tests and evaluations. The evaluations are administered first to determine what type of testing is acquired. College student entering college must take a SAT test first before entering college to determine one’s abilities, or level for placement in a college (Benson, 2003). How this is determined is how well a student does on various levels on the SAT test. This evaluation is the...
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...Intelligence is a construct, not a thing (eysenck 1979; Humphreys), as a result it is difficult to arrive ar a definition of ability/intelligence. Rather it is defined based on the behaviour that indicates various levels of intelligence. It is quite easy to say what make a person intelligent rather than what is intelligence. The concept of intelligence refers to a systematic individual difference in the performance of tasks that involves the manipulation, retrieval, evaluation, or processing of information. Ability Testing – Individual Test Widgor and Garner 1982 States the measurement of ability represent one of the most widespread applications of psychology in everyday life. Ability test range from those that looks at the general mental ability we refer to as intelligence to those that tap specific abilities such as spatial visualization. Measures of general intelligence have the broadest application in that they are used in educational, clinical, and work setting as aid in making a wide variety of decisions. The role of the examiner Psychological testing involves standardization, however in an individual intelligence test standardization is difficult to achieve. • The psychologist presence is seen as a stimuli that will affect ones behaviour • Characteristic of the examiner such as age sex, race physical attractiveness, social and non verbal skills affects a subject’s response. • The behaviour may change based on a response by the examinee...
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...intelligence. Therefore, the use of IQ tests have been made to quantify the human intelligence. Though, whether these tests actually enumerate complex conception of human intelligence or if it is all about performing good on a consistent test is arguable. The aim of this paper to take a position that IQ tests are not precise to calculate intelligence of a person by exploring the notion of "intelligence" and examining the IQ test in itself. Alfred Binet is the French Psychologist who developed the IQ tests, to distinguish between children having low and high intelligence, where the later could be delivered with extra informative pursuits. Founded on an educational study for special students, appointed by the French government, Alfred Binet was fast in the acknowledgement that children having low intellect are probable to disturb classes with frequent questionings and appeal to repeat the lectures frustrating children with usual skills. Binet, consequently, with a innovatory method in assessing the mental aptitude developed the Binet test, which was later called as the IQ test. It was on the foundation of the data gathered from the selected sample, he produced a unvarying test which is to be " the 'mental age' ratio of the 'chronological age', with 100 as an average" (Kaufman, 2009). Since that time, these identical tests founded on logical, mathematical and language skills have been deliberated as effective and valid to measure the intelligence of a person. But the question...
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...Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence Introduction to Psychology Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence Intelligence cannot be seen, it has no mass, and it occupies no space. Nevertheless, we feel certain that it exists (Introduction to Psychology, 2007). Psychologist Alfred Binet, who was busy creating tests to rate child intelligence, was passionate about testing and measuring human capabilities. His understanding of intelligence evolved through intense trial-and-error testing with local students. Working with groups of average students as well as mentally handicapped students, Binet discovered certain tasks that average students could handle but that handicapped students could not. He calculated the normal abilities for students at each age, and could pinpoint how many years a student's mental age was above or below the norm. Binet equated intelligence with common sense. He called intelligence "judgment…good sense…the faculty of adapting one's self to circumstances." He also believed that intelligence is a combination of many skills - skills that are shaped heavily by the environment (Intelligence and Achievement Testing: Is the Half Full Glass Getting Fuller). In 1983, Howard Gardner argued that "reason, intelligence, logic and knowledge are not synonymous...", setting forth a theory of multiple intelligences. The concept of multiple intelligences helped broaden the idea of "intelligence" from a mathematical and verbal understanding, which had become...
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...to be intelligent. Intelligence is having the ability and being capable of acquiring and applying knowledge and skills. A person’s intelligence can be measured by an IQ (Intelligence Quotient) test. An IQ test measures a person’s mental performance in fluid intelligence, memory, processing speed, and quantitative reasoning. An Intelligence Quotient is a number representing a person’s reasoning ability compared to the statistical average for their age. The most common and most accurate IQ tests are the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford-Binet test. The Stanford-Binet test was the very first IQ test, designed by French psychologist, Alfred Binet, in the early 1900’s. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was developed soon after by David Wechsler, an American psychologist. Although there are many other online IQ tests available today, they are not as accurate as the official Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests. Ninety-five percent of people have an IQ between seventy and one hundred thirty. A lot of people are either just above one hundred thirty or just below seventy. Only five percent of the population have either extremely high IQs, above one hundred forty, or extremely low IQs, below seventy. If you have an IQ of one hundred forty or above, you are considered a “genius” and are eligible to join Mensa, the largest and the oldest IQ society in the world. Mensa was founded in England in 1946 as a non-political society independent of all racial and...
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...asked stated that intelligence is the ability of an individual to learn and remember things. Therefore the individual will also will be able to use his knowledge and even put them into practice to solve certain tasks.(Martin et. al. 2010). The modern ideas of intelligence have been formed just before the end of the nineteenth century. This was possible due to work of to important people in psychology; the French Alfred Binet and the English Francis Galton. Alfred Binet was instructed by the French Ministry of Public Instruction to create and develop an intelligence test to check the level of intelligence of children found in the schools. The purpose of this test was to find if the children will perform the intelligence tests designed for their age and if they are up to the level of intelligence they should be at their age. Another important matter of this tests was to find that if there are any children that did not reach the level of intelligence they should have and if those need special education. Therefore in 1905 Binet and Theodore Simon created the Binet-Simon scale, which was the first intelligence test, actually was the base on the development pyramid of intelligence tests.(Maltby et. al. 2010). Charles Spearman (1940, 1927) introduced one of the most important ideas in psychology, and probably his most important contribution to psychology, the general intelligence or the “g” factor.(Maltby et. al. 2010). Spearman stated that if a person is doing well on one...
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...revealed that campaigns that use TV significantly out-perform those that do not. % reporting any very large business effects TV enhances campaign effectiveness 70% 66% 60% 49% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Campaigns using TV Campaigns not using TV Source: Marketing in the Era of Accountability, Binet & Field, IPA dataMINE, 2007&08 TV enhances campaign efficiency Moreover, share of voice analysis shows that using television within the media mix makes a campaign more efficient, regardless of budget. Average SOM gain (%) per 10% points excess SOV TV enhances campaign efficiency 3% 2.6% 2% 1% 0.7% 0% Campaigns using TV Campaigns not using TV Source: Marketing in the Era of Accountability, Binet & Field, IPA dataMINE, 2007&08 TV is a more effective lead medium Television remains one of the most effective and efficient mediums. When used as the lead medium, television has a 70 per cent effectiveness success rate. TV is a more effective lead medium Effectiveness success rate % 80% 70% 61% 60% 50% 40% 20% 0% TV Press Outdoor Source: Marketing in the Era of Accountability, Binet & Field, IPA dataMINE, 2007&08 What is the optimal number of channels? The proliferation of media and communications channels is well known and widely reported. So too is the trend for campaigns to make wider use of these communication tools. While it is true that multi-channel campaigns are in...
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