Bio 105 - Homework Chapter 2

1. Atoms are a small unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. Atoms consist of positive protons and neutral neutrons which make a nucleus, and negatively charged electrons which orbits around the nucleus in a clouds.

Protons Neutrons Electrons
Charge Positive Neutral negative
Location in atom Nucleus Nucleus Cloud/shell
Size Same as neutrons smaller than electrons About the same as a proton Smaller than both protons and neutrons
Function They determine the element Stabilize the atom Participate in bonding between atoms

2. Oxygen (O) 65.5%, Carbon (C) 18.5%, hydrogen (H) 9.5%, nitrogen (N) 3.3%,

3. The outer shell always wants to be full with electrons.

4. Isotopes have the same …show more content…
It would have 6 neutrons and is a stable isotope.

7. Iconic bonds give or take an electron which make a very strong bond and are normally polar. Two elements when put together that make an iconic bond would be NaCi.

8. Covalent bonds are two elements that share their electrons they are also a very strong bond. Two elements that make a covalent bond would be H2O.

9. Electronegativity is when one of the atoms takes more of its share of electrons; this would also make the atom a negative charge because it has more negative electron in its orbit.

10. Polar covalent bond has two atoms in which share electrons unequally, an example of this would be water H2O. Nonpolar covalent bond is when two atoms share their electrons equally an example would be oxygen O2.

11. Hydrogen bonds are very weak, it is also a polar covalent bond and it takes positive charged hydrogen and adds it to a negative molecule. The four ways it influences its behavior in water is 1. It is cohesive making it sticky. 2. It keeps reforming when broken down giving it a high heat capacity. 3. As it freezes into a solid it has a low density allowing it to float. 4. Finally it is a good solvent, because of it polar properties it can be added to water in which it will