...VRough ER = Proteins leave in transport vesicles. And generate glycoproteins. Smooth ER produces Lipids. It also used in detoxification of drugs and poisons… used to store calcium ions. The golgi Apparatus is Stacks of flattened membranes or cisternae. Processes, sorts and modifies proteins. Lysomsomes are membranous sacs that contain digestive enzymes. They have PH around 5. ------------------------------------------------- Vacuole- Central , food and contractile. Vocab to Know: Metabolism- Chemical process that occurs in an organism to maintain life. Anabolism- Creating complex molecules in a living organism to form simpler ones. Catabolism- Breaking down of complex molecules. Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy. Metabolism. Biology and Energy- Chemical Energy in bonds is of most importance. Chemical energy= potiental energy. Thermodynamics- Study of energy transformations. Systems(Closed- no interaction with surroundings, Open- Constant exchange between what you’re studying and environment) What you’re studying. First Law of Thermodynamics- Energy cannot be created nor destroyed only transferred or converted. Second Law of thermodynamics- When energy is converted from one form to another some useable energy is converted to heat. Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy(Disorder and randomness) of the universe. Entropy- measurement or disorder of the universe. (S) Entropy doesn’t cost as much energy. You don’t have to spend energy...
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...Cells, Exchange and Transport Cells (a) state the resolution and magnification that can be achieved by a light microscope, a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope; Resolution Magnification Light microscope 200nm x1,500 Transmission Electron Microscope 0.1nm x500,000 Scanning Electron Microscope 0.1nm X100,000 (b) explain the difference between magnification and resolution; Magnification is the degree to which the size of an image is larger than the image itself. Resolution is the degree to which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are very close together. (c) explain the need for staining samples for use in light microscopy and electron microscopy; A lot of biological material inside a cell isn’t coloured, so it might be difficult to distinguish between different features. Coloured stains are used to stain specimens for use with the light microscope. Chemicals which bind to other chemicals on, or in, the specimen, which allows the specimen be to seen. Some chemicals bind to specific structures, such as Acetic orcein staining DNA red. Electron micrographs start off black and white, with the colour being added by a specialised computer program afterwards. (d) calculate the linear magnification of an image; Image size =Actual size x Magnification (e) describe and interpret drawings and photographs of eukaryotic cells as seen under an electron microscope and be able to recognise the following structures: ...
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...Writing assignment 3 Name __________________________________ ID_________________ Lecture Section ___________ Lab Section ____________ Our next writing goal is to consider some of the important aspects of scientific writing. Writing in the sciences is quite different from writing in other subject areas, just as writing in college is different from writing in high school. While much of what you are taught in composition and writing courses will always be important, such as using proper grammar and spelling, writing clearly, presenting ideas in a logical sequence, and constructing paragraphs that are focused, the writing styles that might work well in your other classes will unfortunately work against you in your science courses and in any scientific profession. Consider the following introductory paragraphs, written for a nutrition class (the title and author’s name have been changed: 1) Should students eat breakfast? by Richard Lee You may wonder if all meals are created equal. I used to too. A lot of people, especially young people, go through the day without having breakfast. Many people believe that it is not necessary, or they say that they don’t have time for that, and begin their day with no meal. I now believe that everyone should eat breakfast before going to their activities. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of breakfast, especially for students. One reason for eating breakfast is because you need food for...
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...BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM [BIOS] Seminar Presented by Milind Chile - 2591 Dipti Borkar - 2778 Freddy Gandhi - 2787 Raghav Shreyas Murthi - 2804 Introduction The BIOS, short for BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM is a set of built-in software routines that give a PC its personality. Although, less than 32 kilobytes of code, the BIOS controls many of the most important functions of the PC: how it interprets keystrokes (Ctrl + Alt + Delete), how it puts characters on the screen, and how and at what speed it communicates through its ports. The BIOS also determines the compatibility of the computer and its flexibility in use. Although all BIOSs have the same function; all are not the same. The BIOS governs the inner complexities arising out of the odd mixing of hardware and software. It acts as a link between the material hardware of the PC and its circuits, and the transcendent realm of software ideas and instructions. More than a link, the BIOS is both hardware and software. Like software, the BIOS is a set of instructions to the computer’s microprocessor. Like hardware, however, these instructions are not evanescent; rather they are coded into the hard, worldly silicon of PROM, EPROM chips. Due to the twilight state of programs like the BIOS, existing in the netherworld between hardware and software, such PROM-based programs are often termed firmware. The personality comes from the firmware code. This code determines how the computer will carry out the basic functions needed to make...
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...User Guide EVGA nForce 780i SLI Motherboard 780i 3-Way SLI Motherboard EVGA ii nForce 780i SLI Motherboard Table of Contents Before You Begin… ..................................................................................................... ix Parts NOT in the Kit .................................................................................................ix Intentions of the Kit ...................................................................................................x EVGA nForce 780i Motherboard..................................................................................1 Motherboard Specifications...................................................................................... 1 Unpacking and Parts Descriptions...............................................................................4 Unpacking ................................................................................................................ 4 Equipment ................................................................................................................ 4 EVGA nForce 780i SLI Motherboard ....................................................................... 5 Hardware Installation ....................................................................................................9 Safety Instructions.................................................................................................... 9 Preparing the Motherboard .........
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...Share this About.com About Tech PC Support . . . Troubleshooting Guides Symptoms How To Fix a Computer That Turns On But Displays Nothing What To Do When Your Computer Starts but The Screen is Black By Tim Fisher PC Support Expert Share this PC Support Categories Troubleshooting Guides How-To's & Tutorials Getting Support Software Tools Hardware Tools Command Line Reference Parts of a Computer Cleaning & Cooling File Extensions Things You Didn't Know About... Computer Terms Other Resources Fix a Problem With Your Computer Maintaining Your Computer Tips & Tricks Updated Articles and Resources Free Email Newsletter Let About.com send you the latest from our PC Support Expert. You can opt-out at any time. Please refer to our privacy policy for contact information. Photo of a Dell UltraSharp U2412M 24-Inch LED Monitor - © Dell, Inc. Dell UltraSharp U2412M 24-Inch LED Monitor. © Dell, Inc. The most common way that a computer "won't turn on" is when the PC actually does power on but doesn't display anything on the monitor. You see lights on the computer case, probably hear fans running from inside, and may even hear sounds, but nothing at all shows up on your screen. There are several possible reasons why your monitor isn't displaying information so it's very important that you step through an ordered process like the one I've outlined here. ...
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...underground pirate software groups got infected with the CIH virus during summer 1998. They inadvertently spread the virus globally in new pirated softwares they released through their own channels. These releases include some new games which will spread world-wide very quickly. There's also a persistent rumor about a 'PWA-cracked copy' of Windows 98 which would be infected by the CIH virus but F-Secure has been unable to confirm this. Later on, CIH was distributed by accident from several commercial sources, such as: • Origin Systems website where a download related to the popular Wing Commander game was infected • At least three European PC gaming magazines shipped magazines where the cover CD-ROM was infected - one of them even included a note inside advising users to disinfect their machines after using the CD-ROM • Yamaha shipped an infected version of a firmware update software for their CD-R400 drives • A widely spread demo version of the Activision game SiN was infected as well - this infection did not originate from the vendor • IBM shipped a batch of new Aptiva PCs with the CIH virus pre-installed during March 1999, just a month before the virus activates...
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...Version 2.0 – June 10, 2008 American Megatrends, Inc. Checkpoint & Beep Code List 2.0 Copyright (c) 2008 American Megatrends, Inc. All Rights Reserved. American Megatrends, Inc. 5555 Oakbrook Parkway Suite 200 Norcross, GA 30093 (USA) This publication contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language or computer language, or transmitted in any form whatsoever without the prior written consent of the publisher, American Megatrends, Inc. American Megatrends, Inc. retains the right to update, change, modify this publication at any time, without notice. For Additional Information Call American Megatrends BIOS Sales Department at 1-800-828-9264 for additional information. Limitations of Liability In no event shall American Megatrends be held liable for any loss, expenses, or damages of any kind whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential, arising from the design or use of this product or the support materials provided with the product. Limited Warranty No warranties are made, either express or implied, with regard to the contents of this work, its merchantability, or fitness for a particular use. American Megatrends assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions or for the uses made of the material contained herein or reader decisions based on such use. Trademark and Copyright Acknowledgments All product names used in...
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...sensation that you received to verify that the RAM was properly seated within the Motherboard? I heard a clipping noise as if something had locked something in. 4. Explain the functionality and significance of the DIMM module(s). DIMM has 64 bits of transfer rate and its prone to less errors. 5. Please After installing the memory module on the motherboard, you need to verify if the BIOS detects the memory. In order to do that, boot the system and enter the BIOS set up according to the instructions that came with the processor. On the ‘Main’ tab of the BIOS set up, you will see an option called ‘System Memory’ or ‘Installed Memory’. Please verify that the memory you have installed matches the memory detected on the screen and note down your observations below. If the memory is not detected or doesn’t match the installed memory, then troubleshoot any memory installation problems. I seen several boxes for different item from the PC like the CD, Hard drive and Memory. Clicked on the memory and it brought a screen up with the size and speed of the memory. 6. Make a note of all the problems you encountered, if any, while installing the DIMM module(s). None 7. List...
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...Boot and Startup Process of Windows 7 Arthurs Note: This Paper is being submitted for N127/ CTS1300C Microsoft Windows Workstation Class on October 8, 2012. Boot and Startup Process of Windows 7 Define and illustrate the boot and startup process of a Windows operating system. It is useful to understand what happens behind the scenes when you switch on your computer from a cold idle machine to an operable and functional system. There are essentially two forms of booting - the soft boot and the hard boot. The cold boot or hard boot involves powering the computer up from an initial zero power supply. A warm boot on the other hand takes place when a software application or operating system triggers the computer to perform a reboot. A successful boot is dependent on 3 conditions - the hardware, BIOS and operating system files to function without errors. When an error occurs, you will be notified by error messages, beeping sounds or in the worst scenario, a blank screen. Explain the purpose and functionality of Boot Configuration Data Store and Editor. Include in the explanation how to implement BCDEdit. The Bcdedit.exe command-line tool modifies the boot configuration data store. The boot configuration data store contains boot configuration parameters and controls how the operating system is booted. These parameters were previously in the Boot.ini file (in BIOS-based operating systems) or in the nonvolatile RAM entries (in Extensible Firmware Interface-based operating systems)...
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...identify his or her problem and the operating system’s tools that you would use to do so. In order to determine the cause of the instability you may need to probe the client and ask questions to help pinpoint the problem. Did the user receive any error messages? Is the computer just generally running slowly? Did the client recently install additional software or hardware? If the client is unable to help answer questions then a process of troubleshooting steps may need to be taken to solve the instability issue. Start with the booting up the computer and checking for any error messages during Power-On Self-Test or POST and that maybe BIOS related. Sometimes BIOS can let you know that a piece of hardware isn’t being detected properly. You may need to enable a device or setting which can be fixed in the BIOS setup. Check your BIOS settings and see that there are no errors in the configuration. A bad configuration can cause a halt the loading process of the OS. Another type of configuration that may need to be checked if Windows fails to load correctly is the Registry. Windows ME has a built in scanreg utility which automatically makes a backup of the registry every time it is booted successfully. You can try to...
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...1. Distinguish between and define (see glossary in Maxfield and Brown’s Bebop Bytes Back for the definition of terms not found in Andrews’ A Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC): a. Hardware (H/W) b. Software (S/W) c. Firmware (F/W) d. Wetware (W/W) e. Vaporware (V/W) 2. Be able to define or describe: a. I/O device b. I/O controller c. peripheral device d. serial and parallel ports (explain the difference) e. adapter card, expansion card, interface card f. video adapter, video card g. pixel h. keyboard i. mouse j. printer k. BIOS l. device driver m. systemboard, motherboard n. video cable o. drive cable p. ribbon cable q. expansion slot (ISA, EISA, MCA, VL bus, PCI, local bus; what does each of the acronyms stand for?) r. ZIF socket (what does “ZIF” stand for?) s. SIMM (what does “SIMM” stand for?) t. system realtime clock u. jumper v. chipset w. cache memory x. power supply cable y. RAM and ROM z. CPU, microprocessor aa. coprocessor bb. primary storage and secondary storage (give examples of each, and know which is which) cc. volatile vs. nonvolatile memory (know which is which) dd. CMOS configuration chip ee. traces ff. bus gg. power supply 3. Be able to identify all of the items shown in Figures 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, and 1-5 in Andrews’ A Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC. 4. What are the principal functions of an Operating System? 5. Distinguish between, and give examples of the use of: a. a command-driven...
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...Chapter 3 This chapter helps you power up your system and install drivers and utilities that came with the support CD. VERA 2 Starting up 3.1 Installing an operating system This motherboard supports Windows® 2000/XP and VISTA Premium operating system (OS). Always install the latest OS version and Because motherboard settings and hardware options vary, use the setup procedures presented in this chapter for general reference only. Refer to your OS documentation for more information. 3.2 Support CD information The support CD that came with the motherboard contains useful software and several utility drivers that enhance the motherboard features. The contents of the support CD are subject to change at any time without notice. Visit the ASUS website for updates. 3.2.1 Running the support CD To begin using the support CD, simply insert the CD into your CD-ROM drive. The CD automatically displays the Drivers menu if Autorun is enabled in your computer. Click on an item to install. If Autorun is NOT enabled in your computer, browse the contents of the click the ASSETUP.EXE to run the CD. 3.2.2 Drivers menu The drivers menu shows the available device drivers if the system detects installed devices. Install the necessary drivers to activate the devices. 3-2 Chapter 3: Starting up Intel Chipset Inf Update Program This item installs the Intel® Chipset INF Update Program. This driver enables Plug-n-Play INF support for the Intel®...
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...1.why is all data stored in a computer in binary form? Computers are only able to read and store data in binary form, 1 or 0, on or off, yes or no, voltage or none. Binary is the simplest way to manage information. 2. What are the four primary functions of hardware? input, output, PROCESS, and Storage 3. What are the two main input devices and two main output devices? the mouse, keyboard, printer, and monitor. 4. What three things do electronic hardware devices need in order to function? power, ground return, and load. 5. How many bits are in a byte? There are eight bits in a byte. 6. What is the purpose of an expansion slot on a motherboard? Expansion slots on a motherboard are designed to accept peripheral cards that add functionality to a computer system, such as a video or a sound card. 7. Which component on the motherboard is used primarily for processing? The CPU 8. Name the two main CPU manufacturers. Intel and AMD 9. Order the following ports according to speed, placing the fastest port first: FireWire, eSATA, USB. eSATA is faster than FireWire and firewire is faster than USB. 10. What are two other names for the system bus? The PCI bus, and the PCI express bus 11. What type of output does an S/PDIF port provide? Digital output 12. Why is an SSD hard drive more reliable under rugged conditions than an IDE hard drive? SSD hard drives have no moving parts that can disintegrate under rugged conditions. Because SDD drives have...
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...Motherboard 使用手冊 M2A-VM T3088 1.00 版 2007 年 4 月發行 版權所有•不得翻印 © 2007 華碩電腦 本產品的所有部分，包括配件與軟體等，其所有權都歸華碩電腦公司（以 下簡稱華碩）所有，未經華碩公司許可，不得任意地仿製、拷貝、謄抄或轉 譯。本使用手冊沒有任何型式的擔保、立場表達或其它暗示。若有任何因本 使用手冊或其所提到之產品的所有資訊，所引起直接或間接的資料流失、利 益損失或事業終止，華碩及其所屬員工恕不為其擔負任何責任。除此之外， 本使用手冊所提到的產品規格及資訊僅供參考，內容亦會隨時更新，恕不另 行通知。本使用手冊的所有部分，包括硬體及軟體，若有任何錯誤，華碩沒 有義務為其擔負任何責任。 使用手冊中所談論到的產品名稱僅做識別之用，而這些名稱可能是屬於其 他公司的註冊商標或是版權。 本產品的名稱與版本都會印在主機板／顯示卡上，版本數字的編碼方式是 用三個數字組成，並有一個小數點做間隔，如 1.22、1.24 等...數字愈大表示 版本愈新，而愈左邊位數的數字更動表示更動幅度也愈大。主機板／顯示卡、 BIOS 或驅動程式改變，使用手冊都會隨之更新。更新的詳細說明請您到華碩 的全球資訊網瀏覽或是直接與華碩公司聯絡。 目錄內容 安全性須知 .......................................................................................................................6 電氣方面的安全性 ..............................................................................................6 操作方面的安全性 ..............................................................................................6 關於這本使用手冊 .........................................................................................................7 使用手冊的編排方式 .........................................................................................7 提示符號 ..............................................................................................................7 跳線帽及圖示說明 ..............................................................................................8 哪裡可以找到更多的產品資訊 ......................................................................8 代理商查詢.......................................................................
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