...spills fails to report to the housekeeping about the health hazard that can be caused by the chemical (human error). The housekeeping who is assigned to clean the spill has A maintenance supervisor calls in a temporary worker from third-party recruiting company to handle housekeeping tasks for a day. The temporary worker is assigned the task of mopping the floors. The supervisor assigns him the list of rooms to be cleaned that also includes a research laboratory, where the staff work on chemical and biological agents (situational factor). The supervisor provides required instructions and provides a PPE, which is an overalls and a pair of gloves that is to be used while cleaning the laboratory. The worker follows the instruction and cleans the laboratory but doesn’t dispose off his overalls and gloves properly instead he keeps it back in the room where housekeeping things are stored (human error). Now, anyone that is going to wear it again is at a risk of exposure to biological and chemical agents that could pose a health risks (environmental...
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...------------------------------------------------- Species in the environment, r and K selection K and r selection: * r - the intrinsic rate of increase * K - the carrying capacity for the organism in that environment * r and K selection was an early attempt to identify life-history distinctions * r-selected species do well at low population density, and are at an advantage in frequently disturbed habitats * K-selected species do well at high population density and are at an advantage in constant or predictable habitats * Heuristically very useful as it allows use to predict the types of species likely to occur under different disturbance regimes R selection: * r-selected species have a rapid rate of population increase. * This is typical of species that colonise short-lived environments or of populations that undergo large fluctuations * Eg. Weeds, aphids, bacteria K selection: * K - selected species have superior competitive ability in stable environments where rapid population growth is unimportant as the population is maintained near K Ways to categorize/class species: * By biome or community type * By life history strategy * By life reproductive strategy * By basic approach to the environment What governs the distribution of species? * Evolutionary factors populations separated on to geographically distinct regions have different evolutionary trajectories * Dispersal constraints species may not have...
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...Nature Nurture D 1 http://s2.hubimg.com/u/3627189_f520.jpg(1 August 2011) Some scientists like George Howe Colt think that people behave as they do according to genetic predisposition this is known as the nature theory of human behaviour. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so, this is known as the nurture theory of human behaviour. For Nelson Mandela in his childhood stage he was able to build a house for himself, looking after cattle, playing different types of games. This allowed him to exercise helping him physically in his childhood stage, so I think you are not born strong but you train yourself to be strong which is nurture. From the earliest moments of life, the interaction of heredity and the environment works to shape who children are and who they will become. While the genetic instructions says that a child inherits from his parents which may set out a road map for development, the environment can impact how these directions are expressed, shaped or event silenced. The complex interaction of nature and nurture does not just occur at certain moments or at certain periods of time it is persistent and lifelong. Clearly, social and emotional development can begin as early as birth, but these developments tend to be primordial and limited until the child is no longer a toddler. This is the period when children begin to develop the abilities to interact with others. These interactions can range...
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...necessarily correct. The term sex is a biological term that refers to the physical differences between males and females. If sex is the term that encompasses male or female, then what exactly is gender? Gender is a psychological term that refers to the awareness and reaction to the biological term of sex. It also is a term that can construe more than one meaning. Gender is determined by biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Gender consists of three elements: gender role, gender identity, and sexual orientation or preference (Kenyon, 1994-2006). Gender role, is defined as the outward manifestations of personality that reflect the gender identity. Basically, it occurs when someone adopts the masculine or feminine behavioral traits that are associated with each sex. Gender role is manifested within society by observable factors such as behavior and appearance (Ghosh, 2009). Gender identity refers to a person’s personal sense of whether he or she are male or female (or rarely, both or neither). Gender identity, in nearly all instances, is self-identified, as a result of a combination of inherent and extrinsic or environmental factors (Ghosh, 2009). And sexual orientation or preference is whom a person is physically and sexually attracted to. In this paper the topics of discussion will be the interaction between hormones and behaviors in addition to how these interactions affect determining gender identity. It will also explore the biological factor, and how it influences gender...
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...Job evaluation is defined as a systematic process of determining the relative worth of jobs in relation to other job in order to establish which jobs should be paid more than others within an organization (Snell & Bohlander, 2010). The goal of job evaluation is to achieve internal equity during the salary system formation. In other word, job evaluation means the process of objectively determining the relative worth of jobs within an organization. It involves a systematic study and analysis of job duties and requirements. The evaluation is based on a number of compensable factors. Job evaluation can measure the value of all jobs within an organization and produces a rank order ranging from entry level positions to the most senior positions within an organization. It provides a framework to administer pay. The purpose of job evaluation is to helps established internal equity between various jobs in which wage paid is equal to the value of the job. When establishing the worth of a position, issues of internal equity are considered. Internal equity is defined as fairness in the relationship of a job’s salary range when compared with the salary ranges of similar jobs within the organization. The salary range for a job is considered internally equitable if the salary is commensurate with responsibility level of the position. It is important that a job evaluation is felt to be fair by everyone in the organisation. Effective communication, ongoing consultation and transparency are...
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...Data Classification Standard is a guideline of how a business or organization should handle as well as secure their different array of data. With this particular report it will describe the “Internal Use Only” data of an Investment firm. Internal use only should tell you that this is information that is seen by employees of a company and no one else. There are 3 domains that could be under this umbrella of internal use only these would be the User Domain, Workstation Domain and the LAN domain. First we have the User Domain which defines the employees that will access the company’s information systems. This particular domain is the weakest link in the domain infrastructure due the users on this system that don’t think about the vulnerabilities and threats which include lack of user awareness, apathy towards policies, policy violations, downloads of personal or files that could malicious. Each of these risks is presented on an everyday basis that could compromise a company’s internal data. Secondly, you have the workstation domain, which is the domain where most of the users connect to the organizations infrastructure. This domain should require very tight security as well as access rights. Meaning, each user on the domain should only have the right to access what they need to be able to do their job productively and no more. This will have an impact in lowering the chance of breach in security. Some threats with this domain include; Unauthorized access to workstations...
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...Biology essay – Relationships and interactions There are many different types of relationships and interactions between organisms. Every organism is in some way connected or associated with another. Some organisms need to depend on other organisms to survive which shows how important some of these relationships or interactions can be in biology. Interaction is a vital part of how many organisms develop over time. Predation is a main example of a relationship between organisms. Predation involves predators and prey, such as a fox catching and eating a rabbit. There are two other forms of predation called, parasitism and grazing. Parasitism is where the host organism is exploited and used for benefit by the other organism called a parasite. An example of parasitism is fleas which live on the skin of other animals and feed on their blood which helps the flea but only weakens the animal. Grazing is where the predator eats the prey but does not kill it, for example a cow eating grass. Predators play an important role in an ecosystem for if they did not exist then a single species could become dominant over others. Grazing is important as it helps to keep grassland from growing out of control. If predation in a certain ecosystem were to be effected then it would change the balance of the whole ecosystem. For example if wolves were removed from a forest ecosystem then there would be much more rabbits and deer around. This huge population of rabbits and deer would significantly decrease...
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...EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL INTRODUCTION 1. Governments worldwide desire an epidemic free and healthy nation. The outbreak of the highly contagious Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) with fatality rate of up to 90 per cent could become an epidemic if not contained. It is a serious concern to governments since it threatens the health and Well-being of the Citizens (WC) and invariably the National Security (NS) of countries. 2. In the United States of America (USA), the infection of 2 missionaries with EVD while working in Liberia, prompted President Obama to stress that EVD is a threat to the NS of USA. The current EVD outbreak in West Africa has reached an epidemic level and has spread across Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea. By 25 Oct 14, World Health Organization (WHO) reported 10,141 cases. The fatalities have negative effect on human resource and businesses, restrict movement and cause general panic thereby affecting the NS of these countries. 3. In Nigeria, there were confirmed cases of EVD in Lagos and Rivers States. The Federal Government of Nigeria’s (FGN) efforts at isolating, treating and monitoring EVD cases led to its containment and thereby made WHO to declare Nigeria EVD free on 20 Oct 14. Despite these efforts, EVD could re-occur as seen in other countries and could threaten NS of Nigeria. The purpose of this paper therefore is to discuss EVD as it affects NS in Nigeria. The paper will cover conceptual...
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...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ANTHRAX VACCINE AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE: A DILEMMA FOR HOMELAND SECURITY by Thomas L. Rempfer December 2009 Thesis Advisor: Second Reader: Stanley Supinski Dean Lynch Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 2. REPORT DATE December 2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Anthrax Vaccine as a Component of the Strategic National Stockpile: A Dilemma for Homeland Security 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas L. Rempfer 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000...
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...Issue in the case Ronald Petrie was laid off from the company on March 20, 1997 and from the beginning of May that year, the remaining employees of the Glass department were made to work over-time and at the same time; a few other employees from different departments were transferred to the Glass department. The Union’s contention is that the management was wrong in not making a recall for Petrie when it realized in the beginning of May that there can be an opening for a job in the Glass department, while the management argues that it is their right to decide whether the opening was required or not. The issue in the case is whether the management has violated the labor agreement by discharging Petrie and then putting other Glass department workers on overtime and transferring people from other classifications to this department, and not considering making a recall to Petrie for this duration of time. Union’s position The union’s position can be described as follows: (1) the labor agreement clearly tells that if employees are laid-off from work as a result of reduction in workforce, and an opening occurs in the classification they were working for, then they will be recalled to that classification in order of seniority provided the concerned employee is physically able to return to work and perform in a satisfactory manner, (2) looking at the overtime and temporary transfer hours worked for the Glass department, it becomes clear that there was a an opening in the glass room...
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...increasingly useful because of it real-time capabilities, ease of use and affordability. It cannot replace microbiological testing but it is easier, faster and the results indicate cleanliness, (defined as the absence of organic material), rather than counting colony forming units of microorganisms. SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE: It is important to understand the basic principles of ATP bioluminescence. ATP is a molecule that is essential and common to all plant, animal and microbial cells. This compound combines and reacts with an enzyme (luciferase) resulting in the release of light. The light emitted is measured by using the Charm LUM-T. This output of light is proportional to the amount of ATP present on a given surface. The measurement of biological contamination is approximated by determining the amount of ATP contained within or on the material. The sample collected is typically a 4-inch square area (100 cm2) that has been swabbed with a PocketSwab(. For reproducibility and consistency from one inspector to the next, it is imperative that the surface area covered with the swab is standardized. The ATP is then extracted from the swab material and mixed with luciferin/luciferase. It is the combination between the luciferase and...
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...War a. 181-105-2001 Enforce the Law of War and the Geneva and Hague Conventions b. 181-105-2002 Conduct Combat Operations According to the Law of War c. 071-430-0028 Consolidate a Unit d. 071-430-0029 Reorganize a Unit III. Treat Casualties a. 081-831-0101 Request Medical Evacuation b. 081-831-1056 Coordinate Medical Activity Support c. 081-831-1057 Supervise Compliance with Preventive Medicine Measures d. 081-831-1058 Supervise Casualty Treatment and Evacuation IV. Perform in a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) environment a. 031-503-1001 Identify Chemical Agents Using an M256A1 Chemical-Agent Detector Kit b. 031-503-1005 Submit Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) 1 Reports c. 031-503-1023 Protect Yourself from Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Injury/Contamination When Changing Mission-Oriented Protective Posture Gear d. 031-503-1053 Report Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Information Using NBC 4 Report e. 031-504-1061 Conduct a Mask Fit Test Using the M41 Protection Assessment Test System (PATS) V. Implement Combat Survival Techniques in Area of Operation a. 061-283-6003 Adjust Indirect Fire b. 071-326-5705 Establish an Observation Post c. 071-410-0019 Control Organic Fires d. 052-192-3262 Prepare for an IED Threat Prior to Movement e. 071-420-0021 Conduct a Movement to Contact by a...
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...Anthrax Sindy Flores HCA 415 Community & Public Health Instructor: Tykeysha Boone November 9, 2012 Anthrax also known as Bacillus anthraces is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium. Anthrax spores can be produced in a powdery form for biological warfare. When inhaled by humans, these particles cause respiratory failure and death within a week. Because anthrax is considered to be a potential agent for use in biological warfare, the Department of Defense (DOD), in 1998, announced it would begin a systematic vaccination of all U.S. military personnel. (DOD, 1998) Anthrax infection occurs in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. What are the basic functions of the federal, state, and local level during this bioterrorism event? Preparing for and or recovering from a bioterrorism event, it is the federal government's responsibilities to helping to ensure the preparedness of emergency response providers for terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, Working with other federal and nonfederal agencies to build a comprehensive national incident management system, and developing comprehensive programs for developing interoperative communications technology and ensuring that emergency response providers acquire such technology. ( CIDRAP) In a bioterrorism event, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has special responsibilities, including detecting the disease, investigating the outbreak,...
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...Smallpox Smallpox was caused by either variola major or variola minor which was an infectious disease. Variola vera or variola is a derivative of the latin varius, meaning “spotted”, or varus meaning “pimple”. In 15th century Europe “smallpox” was first used to separate great pox and variola. Exposure to the virus is followed by an incubation period, people may feel fine and do not have any symptoms. This incubation period averages about 12 to 14 days but can range from 7 to 17 days. People aren’t contagious during this period of time. Malaise, head and body aches, and sometimes vomiting, and fever are the first symptoms of smallpox. When you get this fever it’s usually very high at least in the range of 101 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit. At this time people are normally too sick to do or to carry on their daily routine. This lasts about 2 to 4 days and is called the prodrome phase. Over half of people with smallpox experience chills and vomiting. About 15% become confused. In the beginning a rash emerges as small red spots in the mouth and on the tongue. The red spots grow into sores which then open up and spread large amounts of the virus into the mouth and throat. This very person becomes most infectious, at this time. Sores in the mouth break down around this time. Then a rash appears on the face making its way to the other body parts. This usually happens within 24 hours. As the rash gets to increase, the fever starts to fall and the person starts to feel better. You get...
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...Biological Weapons: Threat of the 21st Century Michele Tallman Ashford University Principle & Theory of Security Issues CRJ433 Alicia Dembowski January 12, 2014 Biological Weapons: Threat of the 21st Century Biological Warfare is morally and inhumanely wrong, it is the wrongful killing of men, women, and children and it should be stopped no matter what the circumstances are. For the past 50 years or so the world has lived under the shadow of atomic weapons, threatening a “nuclear nightmare” that would bomb us back to the Stone Age. Now in the 21st Century, there is a new nightmare, called Biological Weapons. These types of weapons deliver toxins and microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, so as to deliberately infect disease among people, animals, as well as the destruction of crops leading to food shortages. The way that a biological weapon is used depends on several factors, these include the agent, its preparation; its durability in the environment, and route of infection. Some agents can be disbursed as an aerosol, which can be inhaled or can infect a susceptible spot on the skin, like a cut or wound. With the recent revolution in molecular biology, this may have incidentally unleashed a new threat to a peaceful night’s sleep. Even though there has been talk concerning the disarming of certain countries from nuclear weapons, terrorist factions and "nations of concern" have sought ways to continue their wars, by using biological weapons. Asymmetric...
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