...Contour Sawing , the blade should be as wide as the machine allows, but still narrow enough so that it can cut the desired shape (radius), Minimum dimensions for different cutting radii are shown in the chart below. How to Choose the Correct Band Saw Blade Style and Set Band Saw Blade Tooth Shape Styles The most commonly used tooth shape. Ideally suited for both cut-off and contour sawing of most materials. For cutting thin materials where a fine cut is required. Widely spaced teeth with a 0° rake angle to prevent clogging when cutting soft, non-ferrous metals, plastics and wood. Positive 10° rake angle helps to "digin", resulting in a higher cutting rate. Recommended for long cuts into thicker wood, plastic and metal. Band Saw Blade Tooth Set The raker tooth set consists of one to the left, one to the right and one tooth (raker) is unset. This set is used for cutting thick, solid metal sections on horizontal cut-off machines. It is also used for contour cutting and resawing on vertical band machines. Alternate set or double alternate plus raker set blades are designed for cutting wood. Provides faster, smoother cuts. This set pattern has groups of teeth set to the left and to the right, separated by unset raker teeth. It is made primarily with small teeth and is recommended for cutting thinner sections - tubes, pipes, thin...
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...author, Phone: 09543193510/ (044)26572970, e-mail: madhavan.tes@gmail.com Abstract Aluminum silicon carbide Metal Matrix Composites (Al-MMC) are widely used in aeronautical and automobile industries due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. However machining this composites find difficult because of the reinforcement particles. Tools wear more quickly and reduce the life of the tool. This paper presents the experimental investigation on machining two different A356 matrix metal reinforced with 10 % and 20 % by weight of Silicon carbide (SiCp) particles is fabricated in house by stir casting method. Fabricated samples are turned on medium duty lathe with Poly crystalline Diamond (PCD) insert of 1600 grade at various cutting conditions. Parameters such as power consumed by main spindle, machined surface roughness and tool wear are studied and influence of SiC particles percentage on tool wear also discussed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images support the result. It is evident that, tool wear is strongly dependent on reinforcement percentage. Key words: A356 Alloy, PCD, Power consumed, Surface roughness, SiC percentage 1. Introduction Metallic matrix composites have found considerable applications in aerospace, automotive and electronic industries [1] because of their improved strength, stiffness and increased wear resistance over unreinforced alloys [2]. However, the final conversion of these composites in to engineering products is always associated...
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...that is showing is her head, her feet and maybe even her legs. The magician then continues to close the box and turn to the audience. Now what you don’t know is that in the platform under the box there is another assistant that the audience doesn't know about. So when the magician turns to the audience he will then preform some mumbo jumbo magic stuff like saying some words or waving a wand. Then he will casually block the first assistants feet from view by either blocking it with another miscellaneous prop for a moment or by rotating the box, this gives his first assistant enough time to pull her feet in and the second assistant to poke her feet out, wearing the same shoes of course, the magician then grabs the saw blade and makes a cutting motion through a pre cut line in the box. Then the magician will split the box in half revealing the middle and amazing the audience even more. Then he closes the box does whatever he does to cover the legs and then opens up the box to show that he did not actually in fact cut his assistant in half. The crowd then cheers out of amazement and the magician makes loads of money after they go home and tell all their friends what they saw. That is how a magician cuts someone in half, different magicians may have modified this trick in different ways weather to make it more impressive by adding a saw blade or just to look...
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...used for 90 degrees alignment 6.) Indicator/Dial Indicator – a device that determines if an object is center aligned or notHand Tools 1.) Ball peen Hammer – a type of hammer used for metalworks such aspeening. 2.) Mallet – a type of hammer used used so that the object will not deform 3.) Hacksaw – A saw consisting of a tough, fine-toothed blade stretched taut in a frame, used for cutting metal. 4.) Vise – A heavy clamp, usually mounted on a workbench and operated by a screw or lever, used in carpentry or metalworking tohold a piece in position. 5.) Scriber – A sharply pointed tool used for marking lines, as on wood, metal, or ceramic. 6.) Punch – A tool or machine for piercing holes in a material 7.) Screw Driver – A tool used for turning screws 8.) Files - Any of several hardened steel tools with cutting ridges for forming, smoothing, orreducing especially metallic surfaces. a. Flat b. Triangular c. Half round d. Round 9.) Hand Tap and Tap Handle – 10.) Stock and Dice – a tool used for treading 11.) Tin Snips – a type of pliers used for cutting sheet metals 12.) Combination Wrench – a type of wrench with a combination of open ended wrench and a box-end wrench 13.) Adjustable Wrench – a type of wrench used for measuring different size of fastener...
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...Hacksaw as seen in Figure 1: is a lightweight hand tool used for cutting metal and hard plastics. The hacksaw is made entirely of metal with an added cap for comfort and support while in use. Five parts, all separate and detachable make up this mechanism as follows: * The Frame * The Handle * The ergonomic cap The Blade * The frame The Turn Key Attachment * The Ergonomic Cap The turn key attachment The blade The handle Figure 1: The Lenox Tools 88300 Lightweight Hacksaw Source: www.lenoxtools.com The Frame The L shaped chrome frame is made of one piece of hollowed metal; the top is twelve inches long and rounded at the corner with the side six inches high. The frame is half inch wide on one edge and one inch on the other. The tag line “MORE TENSION. MORE CUTS” along with the tension capacity; a figure showing the maximum tension the saw can bare is printed in black on one of the one inch edges. Up to six spear blades can be stored in the top part of the handle. The Handle The Handle is a light ash grey with the company royal blue and lust red logo printed at the top on one side. It is rectangular and one of the shorter four inch sides attaches to the longer side of the frame which is inserted through a hole in the handle. The opposite end, the bottom has cut outs which allow the blade to be attached at the front for standard vertical cuts or at the base of the handle for horizontal cutting. One of the longer sides, the hand grip, is rounded on the...
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...TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİ DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKİLATI Türkiye’nin , ekonomik ve sosyokültürel kalkınmasını sağlamak amacıyla; Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı adı altında , 1960 yılında kurulan bu kuruluş ,hükümete danışmanlık yapmak üzere yapılandırılmıştır.Hükümetin amaçları doğrultusunda yaptığı çalışmaları ve kuruluşunda ki tarihsel periyotları ana başlıklar altında incelemek istersek ; kurumun 1960 öncesi ve sonrası durumu ,görevleri birimleri ve her beş yılda bir hazırladığı (1-9 )yıllık kalkınma planlamaları olarak adlandırabiliriz. Birinci dünya savaşından sonra Türkiye’yi genel bir bakış açısıyla incelememiz gerekirse; Osmanlı devletinin bıraktığı borçları ve sorunları devralan alan Türkiye, o yıllardaki ekonomisini tarıma dayandırmaktaydı. Kişi basına düşen gelirin yetersiz olduğu ülkede, ekonomik kalkınmayı gerçekleştirebilmek için devletin özel sektöre, sermaye açısından teşvik edici bir rol oynaması gerektiği inancı hakim olmuştur. 1923 yılında toplanan İzmir İktisat Kongresi’nde alınan karara göre özel sektörün maddi olanaklarının yetersiz kaldığı anlarda ,devletin bu tür işletmelere maddi kaynak sağlaması gerektiği kararı alınmış ve cumhuriyetin ilk yıllından 1933 yılına kadar liberal bir ekonomik politika izlenmiştir.Fakat 1929 yılında patlak veren ve tüm gelişmiş dünya ülkelerini etkileyen ekonomik kriz, toparlanmakta zorluk çeken Türkiye’yi bir kez daha dara sokmuştur. O yıllara kadar...
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...Logistics Week 7 Lab Lab 7: Minnetonka Warehouse Scenario/Summary Wayne Schuller managed a warehouse in Minnetonka, Minnesota. His major concern was the number of workers to assign to his single unloading dock. After he began contracting with motor carriers for deliveries, he found that they were assessing him stiff penalties if their trucks had wait time to be unloaded. Wayne started adding larger crews at the unloading dock, but often, they seemed idle because there were no trucks to unload. Wayne recalled from college that queuing theory might be applicable to such a problem. The theory of queuing is an analysis of the probabilities associated with waiting in line, assuming that orders, customers, and so on arrive in some pattern (often a random pattern) to stand in line. A common situation is that on the average, a facility may have excess capacity, but oftentimes, it is more than full, with a backlog of work to be done. Often, this backlog has costs associated with it, including penalties to be paid or customers who walk away rather than wait. If a firm expands its capacity to reduce waiting times, then its costs go up and must be paid even when the facility is idle. Queuing theory is used to find the best level of capacity, the one that minimizes the costs of providing a service and the costs of those waiting to use the service. After some further research specific to his firm, Wayne determined the following facts: Trucks arrive randomly at the average rate...
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...Expert system for the definition of the cutting parameters and machining strategies 1 L.Zaquini1, J.Charpy1, J-P. Bendit2, T.Voumard3, P-E Mathez3, L. Béguelin3 HE-ARC-Ingénierie LMO (Laboratoire de Machines-Outils), University of Applied Science, Le Locle, Switzerland, 2 Jurasoft SA, Porrentruy, Switzerland, 3 Haute Ecole ARC – Software Engineering, University of Applied Science, St-Imier, Switzerland, Switzerland, Abstract The definition of the cutting parameters (Vc, fz, ae, ap), and the definition of the machining strategies or the strategies to engage the tool in the material and to start the cutting process, are usually requested by the CAM systems as input information. These data are usually strongly influenced by the consolidated experience of the operators, by the specific previous similar machining cases and by several other factors depending on the machining practices. In a project, financed by the Swiss national organization for the industrial research, the authors have developed an expert system (ES) in order to get this information through software processes. The paper shows the structure of this expert system. The ES has been realized through the definition of ontology of components and elements of the machining. The ES includes a very large data base of cutting parameters, and is based on the establishment of rules for the competition between the machining strategies. The ES includes learning methods which are able to identify similar operations. The learning...
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...Cultural factors affect waiting lines. For example, fast checkout lines (e.g.,10 items or fewer) are uncommon in Japan. Why do you think so? When Krispy Kreme donuts entered the Japanese market, people were willing to wait in line for up to three hours to get donuts although another brand of donuts was available. I have tried these donuts and agree that they taste really good, however I would not wait in line for up to three hours for them. The Japanese on the other hand, enjoy standing in line. Japanese people are very patient. If there is no line for a product it may be looked upon as unpopular and of no value. Waiting in line is so common in Japan that it is used as a marketing tool; the Japanese may rent persons to stand in line for them when they are physically challenged or just don’t feel like standing in line but want the product being offered. I feel fast checkout lines are uncommon in Japan because the Japanese are patient people and enjoy waiting in line. They take the attitude that anything of value is worth standing in line for. If there is no line, there is no value. An added benefit of standing in line are the conversations between family members and friends and the memories that they make. Kohlbacher, F., & Holtschneider, U. (2008). Tokyo Queues for You. J@Pan Inc, (78), 24-26. Marquand, R., & Staff, w. (2005, September 27). Japanese queue - gladly - for a 35-foot platypus and falafel. Christian Science Monitor. p....
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...leave for the day, what you need to discuss with the next shift operator before leaving to ensure he can operate safely and effectively. The new operator will need to know.. * What job he is to continue with * What drawing is he working from * How many parts are to be made * What tolerance will he be working towards * Where is the stock material * What type of material is being used * Does he check individual parts or are the parts 'Batch checked' * When complete do the parts need to go to the inspection department or to another department * What measuring tools are being used * Have the measuring tools been calibrated * When are the measuring tools due for re-calibration * When are the lathe cutting tools in need of checking * If coolant needs to be used * What safety factors need to be considered * Is the machine operating as it should or is the anything they should know * Sign off a 'Hand over' check list as part of company procedure What the implications could be if you was not to undertake these procedures * Wasting valuable working time due to not know what job to do * Would not know how many parts to produce which could be costly time wise and material wise * Parts could be made incorrectly (out of tolerance) therefore again wasting time, money and materials * Measuring tools could be out of calibration i.e. not measuring accurately and therefore the possibility of making all the parts incorrectly ...
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...Five Star tools is a small business that produces diamond coated cutting tools such as chisels and saws used by jewelers. The company produces these tools in a 3 step manner. The steel is cut according to size and is finally coated with diamond for effecting cutting for jewelers. Recently the company has been doing well and receiving a lot of order but some of the orders have not been completed due the limitation in the coating and sharpening process. The problem with the coating and sharpening process has caught the eye of the vice president Maxfield Turner and Betty Spence, vice president of marketing. They are concerned that they will be known as unreliable if they continue to miss order deadline. The task ahead of them is to figure out what steps can taken to loosen the constraint in coating and sharpening. The best to solve the problem faced by Five Star Tools is to deploy the Goldratt five steps system to maximize profits. The first steps in solving the problem is to figure out what the constraints are. And in the case of Five Star Tools it is the availability of production resources. Second the company should try to produce Model C120 as it only takes 0.2 hours in the coating department. Thirdly managers should focus on trying to loosen the constraints, and should implement various strategies in order to reduce the idle time of workers. Finally the constraints can be eliminated by using the latest equipment in the coating process, by automating the process and...
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...Biology A Syllabus Instructor Catherine Christensen Phone 415-759-2730 Office Room 234 Email christensenc@sfusd.edu Office Hours By appointment Text: Biology, Prentice-Hall Description: The Biology course incorporates the Next Generation Science Standards and Common Core Curriculum. There are four life science disciplinary core ideas in high school: 1) From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes, 2) Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics, 3) Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits, 4) Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity. During the first semester students will cover – Science Safety, Ecology-Interdependent Relationships, Ecology-Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration, and Introduction to Evolution. The course will consist of laboratory activities, and current science readings/discussions to support content material. Goals: The goals of the Science Program at Lowell High School are: • To produce students with personal appreciation and respect for life leading to a positive involvement with the environment. • To encourage students to practice rational, critical thinking based on objective observations and open-mindedness, which are the essential ingredients of the scientific method of inquiry • To develop skills in manipulating materials and equipment for gathering, organizing and communicating scientific information based on observations and interpretations. • To ensure that the scientifically literate person...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination CAPE ® BIOLOGY SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May/June 2008 CXC A10/U2/07 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone: (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2007, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CXC A10/U2/07 ii Contents RATIONALE.....................................................................................................................................................1 AIMS ..................................................................................................................................................................1 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ...............................................................................................2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .......................................................................................................5 STRUCTURE...
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...to be made without fee. Individuals may make copies for their own use or for use by classes of which they are in charge; institutions may make copies for use within and by the staff and students of that institution. For copying in any other circumstances, prior permission in writing must be obtained from Macmillan Publishers Limited. Under no circumstances may the material in this book be used, in part or in its entirety, for commercial gain. It must not be sold in any format. Designed by Macmillan Publishers Limited Cover design by Macmillan Publishers Limited and Red Giraffe CSEC Biology Free Resources LIST OF CONTENTS CSEC Biology Syllabus Extract 3 CSEC Biology Syllabus 4 CSEC Biology Specimen Papers: Paper 01 Paper 02 Paper 032 89 104 125 CSEC Biology Mark Schemes for Specimen Papers: Paper 01 Paper 02 Paper 032 136 137 149 CSEC Biology Subject Reports: 2004 January Subject Report 2004 June Subject Report 2005 January Subject Report 2006 January Subject Report 2007 January Subject Report 2007 May/June Subject Report 2008 January...
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...Jason Billing Mrs.Werle AP Biology Summer Assignment Chapter 1 – Finding Your Inner Fish 1. Explain why the author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils. Be sure to include the types of rocks and their location during their paleontology work in 2004. In 365 million year old rocks the amphibians had characteristics that were not similar to fish, but in 385 million they found fish that were dissimilar to amphibians. The scientists then looked at the 375 million year old rocks to find the missing piece. The rocks were sedimentary rocks in composition which are formed on the bottom of rivers and some seas as well, where most marine life live. Some places they looked were Ellesmere Island, in Canada, a good location due to the lack of human effects on the environment. 2. Describe the fossil Tiktaalik. Why does this...
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