...Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that associated with severe changes in the mood. One type of this disorder is Bipolar I Disorder or used to be referred as Bipolar Affective Disorder, which is characterized by periods of deep, prolonged and profound depression that alternate with periods of excessively elevated mood known as Mania. Although, Major depression episodes are common in Bipolar I Disorder, according to DSM-5, it is not required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder (American Psychological Association, 2013). The primary key feature for diagnosing the patient with Bipolar I Disorder is the manic episode as at least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder. DSM-5 criteria...
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...Erica M. Blair Erin Adair-Hodges English 1102-52 August 12, 2010 Diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in “The Yellow Wallpaper”: A Textual Analysis Clinical psychology was a field of major interest in the 19th century, but its early theories and diagnoses are now obsolete. Since its inception, mental illness has been a concept used to disenfranchise and stigmatize eccentric individuals. However, its use against women by men in the 19th century was profoundly great. Some mental disorders had no root in science or observation but were social constructs used to control and manipulate women. A modern, scientific analysis of Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” reveals that it’s heroine doesn’t suffer from the socially constructed “nervous depression”, but from a real clinical diagnosis: Bipolar I Disorder. Through the course of this story, Jane displays all the necessary criteria to receive a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder. Jane describes herself as being tired and depressed. She has irregular sleeping, eating and activity patterns. Through her writing, she conveys anxiety, paranoia, and delusions. The most damaging part of her disorder is the hallucinations she experiences as witnessed by her descriptions and personification of the wallpaper in the nursery. The text reveals through her own words, as well as her writing style, that she transitions from the depressive phase of Bipolar I Disorder to full-blown mania with psychosis. From the beginning of the story, Jane presents...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis Laura Baker Psy/270 February 18, 2012 Monica Mauri Psychological Disorder Analysis Maria is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who came to the clinic ascribing of having trouble sleeping, feeling “jumpy all of the time,” and experiencing difficulty concentrating. She further said, “That these symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is an accountant.” She perceived these symptoms to be her cause of declined performance at her job. So she is very concerned about this, and has come in to seek our help. Upon intake Maria’s symptoms stand in need for analysis to come to a diagnosis. As Maria’s symptoms meet various criteria for Bipolar disorder, Dysthmic disorder, and Major Depression must be eliminated or ruled out. The suspected diagnosis upon her intake is Bipolar disorder or Major Depression. A complete assessment will be done on Maria, and a diagnosis will be determined. After a diagnosis has been established, a brief overview will be explained and possible causes will be explained also, and then followed by an ongoing effective plan of treatment to return the patient to a level of functioning with reduced symptoms. Maria participated in an in-depth interview process. The first questions initially posed to Maria a starting point for further analysis included in the following: 1. Did you remember any significant problems in your childhood? Yes. I was abused at age eight through twelve by a family member, but I do not remember...
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...Diagnosis and Treatment The disorder that I will be explaining is classified as a mood disorder known as a bipolar disorder. I will be outlining the current means by which this particular disorder is diagnosed, along with the treatment options that are available, and the causes of this disorder. A disturbance in mood or a prolonged emotional state is how a mood order is defined (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Some people think that just because they have mood swings that they themselves have a bipolar disorder. This is not true in all cases. A bipolar disorder is a mood disorder which periods of mania and depression alternate, sometimes with periods of normal mood intervening (Morris & Maisto, 2005). Understanding the differences plays a major role in diagnosis of a person who has this type of bipolar disorder. With bipolar disorder being an offspring of depression, and mania or hypomania there are several different patterns of symptoms. Each of these symptoms is different from one person to the next. There are three forms of a bipolar disorder. The first is known as Bipolar I disorder. This form may cause problems with a person’s place of employment, education, and even with that of a significant other. The second is in the middle and called Bipolar II disorder. With this form a person can usually maintain an everyday lifestyle. Instead of having a full blown episode of either depression or mania they are slightly less severe. The last form of this disorder is known as Cyclothymia....
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...Running head: BIPOLAR DISORDER A Look into the Oddities of Bipolar Disorder Jonathan Cushing Park University PS401 Barbara Wright July 28, 2010 Abstract This core assessment with correctly assess all the necessary information needed to complete the analysis of what Bipolar Disorder entails. The topics of discussion throughout this assessment with be what information there is to know about Bipolar Disorder, the symptoms and types of Bipolar Disorders, & effective treatments. By the end of this assessment, one will gain reasonable knowledge on the subject of Bipolar Disorder to be able to have a decent understanding and be able to describe some of the characteristics of Bipolar Disorder. A Look into the Oddities of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder, also known as Manic Depression, is a very serious and potentially harmful disorder. In a recent case study (Gorenstein, 2002) it was observed that the person that had Bipolar Disorder was conducted some illegal acts, such as being found naked with an underage fifteen year old girl, while he was twenty-four. It’s important to know about all the potential factors about this disorder so that is can correctly be assessed and treated. So what really is Bipolar Disorder? Manic depression, also known as bipolar disorder, is classified as a type of affective disorder or mood disorder that goes beyond the day's ordinary ups and downs, and is a serious medical condition and important health concern in this country. Manic...
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...Bipolar Disorder: A Cognitive Behavioral Approach Introduction Bipolar Disorder is a condition that many children and adolescents across the nation struggle with. The Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation estimates that “at least three quarters of a million American children and teenagers struggle with bipolar disorder, many of whom are undiagnosed and untreated (as cited in Killu & Crundwell, 2008, p. 245). Individuals with this disorder not only suffer emotionally and socially, but academically as well. With so many children and adolescents being affected, it is imperative that counselors familiarize themselves with this disorder so they can help these individuals be successful in school. This paper will provide counselors with basic information about Bipolar Disorder, the most appropriate approach to apply when working with students with this condition, and also provide two case studies that help counselors understand how Bipolar Disorder affects individuals academically. Literature Review According to Olfsen, “one out of 100 kids is now diagnosed with bipolar disorder” (as cited in Cleaver, 2009) and these “numbers are on the rise” (Cleaver, 2009, p. 62). “The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) acknowledges that individuals with psychological problems will likely experience difficulties with performance at school” (Bardick & Bernes, 2005, p. 72), and since so many are being affected by this disorder, it is important that educators familiarize themselves...
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...Methods Overview of data source and collection I examined a previous study of the trends in Assignment of Bipolar Diagnoses in a sample of foster children where ICD-9 code diagnoses were coded into seven diagnostic categories based on the corresponding DSM-IV TR codes: 1) Bipolar disorders, 2) Other mood disorders, 3) Psychotic disorders, 4) Disruptive disorders (including ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Impulse Control Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified), 5) Developmental disorders, 6) Anxiety disorders, including PTSD, and 7) Other psychiatric disorders, including personality disorders and adjustment disorders. Clinical diagnoses were assigned by the treating clinician and represent standard practice. I used this data base to show the prevalence in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive disorder in comparison of African American to Caucasian foster children. The Participants Two samples for this study were drawn from the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services Medicaid payment database. This database is maintained through interagency agreements between the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), DHFS, and the University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry. The data included claims for all medical and psychiatric services including hospitalizations and outpatient visits rendered to foster children. Gender and race/ethnicity...
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...reviews concepts of depression, including history and classification. The original broad concept of melancholia included all forms of quiet insanity. The term depression began to appear in the nineteenth century, as did the modern concept of affective disorders, with the core disturbance now viewed as one of mood. The 1980s saw the introduction of defined criteria into official diagnostic schemes. The modern separation into unipolar and bipolar disorder was introduced following empirical research by Angst and Perris in the 1960s. The partially overlapping distinctions between psychotic and neurotic depression, and between endogenous and reactive depression, started to generate debate in the 1920s, with considerable multivariate research in the 1960s. The symptom element in endogenous depression currently survives in melancholia or somatic syndrome. Life stress is common in various depressive pictures. Dysthymia, a valuable diagnosis, represents a form of what was regarded earlier as neurotic depression. Other subtypes are also discussed. © 2008, LLS SAS rior to the late 19th century, although detailed systems of classification abounded, the main problem for psychiatric nosology was the establishment of the broad major disorders. Melancholia was recognized as early as the time of Hippocrates, and continued through Galenic medicine and medieval times. The earlier connotation of the term was very wide, and included all forms of quiet insanity. It was linked with the humoral theory...
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...A Cultural Review of Bipolar Disorder Jasmine Matlock Abnormal Psychology In my analysis I will be depicting the cultural views on Bipolar Disorder. In short, Bipolar Disorder formerly known as Manic-Depressive disorder is the elevation and downfall of two extreme moods. This is to include moods that are too high- mania, and moods that are that are too low –depressive. Many get confused as to what is considered manic. It is not just excitement or a temporary euphoric feeling but rather an extremely happy or enjoyable state of being that is prolonged for hours, days, or weeks if not treated. This would seem like a good thing to someone who would be unaware of the situations in a manic state of mind, however, under manic episodes people have the potential to be very inappropriate and lose their sense of otherwise clear judgment. This can obviously affect the average daily living of an individual who can fall victim to symptomatic irritability or out be of control with their inflated self esteem and decreased sleep. On the other end of the spectrum you have the depressive episodes, where you are filled with feelings of total loss and emptiness. Periods of normal feelings known as euthymic moods are commonly intervened between the two extremes. Not whole heartedly recognized in other countries, Bipolar disorders are not uncommon. However people can go through their whole lives without proper treatment systems or even a proper diagnosis. In The United States we are very...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis Psychological Disorder Analysis Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain that affects one to two percent of people in our country. In many situations, the man or woman suffers silently with this mental illness, never knowing there is a reason for his or her feelings, that an explanation exists for the emotions and behaviors felt. Many years are stolen from these people because treatment was unknown or unavailable to them. With understanding and treatment, they will enjoy the life they have been given. Bipolar disorder creates shifts in a person’s mood from the mild to the extreme. It affects their energy levels, and interferes with their ability to perform and complete even simple daily tasks. They are overly energized and aggressive one day, and the next they cannot rise from bed to shower or even answer when a friend calls. Typically developing during late adolescence or early adulthood, Bipolar Disorder will always be a lifelong condition. In some cases, it does not appear until later in life. If left untreated, the instances of mood swings will occur more frequently and become much more severe. Two Emotional States – Depression and Manic A patient with bipolar disorder experiences symptoms of depression where they are overcome by negative thoughts. In this state, they tell themselves they are unworthy, they feel helpless, and incapable of improving their position in life...
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...Clinical Journal Grading Form/Template Brigitte Baucom Submit Date: April 5, 2012 Clinical Journal # 1 Facility: Rusk SH I. Psychiatric Diagnosis & Definition, DSM-IV-TR Axis 1-5 & Medications – 15 pts. Bipolar II disorder: Hypomanic episode(s) alternating with major depression. Psychosis is not present in bipolar II. The hypomania of bipolar II tends to be euphoric and the depression tends to put people at particular risk for suicide Axis I – Bipolar II Disorder (definition above) Axis II – Personality Disorder, Somatoform disorder - Many physical complaints affecting many organs, some dependent personality disorder traits Axis III – General Medical Conditions – ICD-9 1. Lumbago: Pain in the muscles and joints of the lower back 2. Obesity: BMI above 30 3. Other Chronic Pain: pt. complains of back pain and other somatic pain 4. Throught 9 there was no indication in the file which leads me to believe that 4-9 are related to number 3 above Axis IV – Psychosocial and environmental problems, pt. is unable to function in environment, i.e. occupational problems, educational problems, economic problems and interpersonal difficulties with family members and a variety of problems in other life areas. Axis V – GAF Scale Score of 30: Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations OR serious impairment in communication or judgment OR inability to function in almost all areas. * Special precautions: Visual...
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...MINDANAO SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING A CASE PRESENTATION OF BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER In Partial Fulfillment of the Course NCM 105 Related Learning Experiences January 2013 Table of Contents The Authors Acknowledgement Dedication Objectives of the Study Introduction CHAPTER I -Assessment Psychiatric Nursing History Anamnesis Genogram Mini Mental Status Examination Mental Status Exam Physical Assessment Diagnostic Studies Nurse’s Progress Notes CHAPTER II – Diagnosis and Analysis Psychodynamics Psychodynamics Concept map Life Chart Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder CHAPTER III – Planning and Implementation Nursing Care Plans Psychotherapist Nurse’s Process Recording or NPI CHAPTER IV – Psychopharmacology CHAPTER V – Discharge Plan CHAPTER VI – Evaluation, Prognosis and Recommendation GLOSSARY REFERENCES THE AUTHORS BSN 3B – Group 1 Bandiola, Maricar Mae Bolo, Princess Venimarie Cristobal, Rosnel Dag-uman, Leslie Ann Fuentes, Rajiv Jun Maglasang, Crizza Mariz Montefalcon, Jessel Nasala, Queency Pranza, Mae Kenneth Quinalayo, Paul Vincent Valiente, Katherine ACKNOWLEDGEMENT People would always say, “Two heads are better than one”. How much more if there are more heads than two? A project like this would definitely never be accomplished without the collaboration of many people. First and foremost, we would like to thank our heavenly father for giving us the knowledge...
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...Bipolar Diagnosis and Treatment Axia College University of Phoenix BEH/225: Introduction to Behavioral Science [pic] Thomas Vance December 7, 2008 Bipolar is under the category of one of a few types of a mood disorder. Although we all experience variations in our moods (normal fluctuations from sadness or stress or whatever may be the case), they are no comparison to the extremes experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder. Those who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder have experiences with both episodes of major depression and mania (Gazzaniga & Heatherton, 2005). Manic episodes are categorized as having elevated moods, increased activity, and diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, and extreme distractibility. During these episodes, there are often excessive involvement in pleasurable but foolish activities such as sexual indiscretions, buying sprees, and risky business ventures. The individual usually regrets these situations once the mania is over. Not everyone necessarily experiences these extreme episodes, as others may suffer less extreme examples of mood elevations, known as hypomanic episodes. They are often categorized as heightened creativity, productivity, and can be extremely pleasurable and rewarding. People experiencing these symptoms are known as to have a Bipolar II diagnosis, whereas people with extreme depression and manic episodes, as mentioned before...
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...Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition;...
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...Anxiety, Mood, Dissociative, Somatoform Disorders The DSM-IV-TR offers diagnostic categories and classifications for the use of identifying and diagnosing mental disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). In this paper are the sections of anxiety disorders, mood and affective disorders, dissociative disorders, and somatoform disorders. The likely categorizations and signs beneath these groupings will be covered. As well as, one disorder out of all categories—general anxiety disorder, cyclothymic disorder, depersonalization disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder will be analyzed. Anxiety Disorders The primary distinction between fear and anxiety is that fear is directed at a specific stimuli; whereas, anxiety is more a general feeling of apprehension about the future (Hansell & Damour, 2008). The precise disorders that can shoot from too much anxiety are: acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, anxiety disorders due to a medical condition, general anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), specific phobia, social phobia, and substance-induced anxiety disorder (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Panic and anxiety are regular reactions but when these feelings are sensed in the nonexistence of a underlying agent psychological dysfunction can be the ended outcome, for instance what occurs in the path of generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Those who suffer from GAD, “…experience...
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