...extreme highs, known as mania, making it more difficult to live a normal, productive life. I will outline the differences between unipolar and bipolar disorders. In addition, I will address the underlying causes of unipolar and bipolar disorders, I will indicate the symptoms that an individual with unipolar or bipolar may be suffering from, and provide the treatments that are available for individuals who suffer from unipolar or bipolar disorders. Bipolar Disorder is a disease thought to be caused by changes in the chemistry of the brain. The symptoms and severity of the condition can vary, but with the proper treatment, Bipolar Disorder symptoms can be managed. Amongst the more than five million adults in America who have Bipolar Disorder, these “mood swings” can be extreme or frequent. These changes in mood aren’t as simple as transitioning from “happy” to “sad.” With Bipolar Disorder, symptoms can include both a lowering of mood (depression) and an exaggerated elevation of mood (mania). These changes occur in cycles and are referred to as “episodes.” People with Bipolar Disorder experience extreme mood swings that can take three different forms: manic, depressive, and mixed episodes. On average, people with Bipolar Disorder spend ten years seeking treatment before finally getting diagnosed. One survey found that as many as 70% of people with Bipolar Disorder are initially diagnosed with a different condition. Often, this is because...
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...Psychological Disorder Analysis Laura Baker Psy/270 February 18, 2012 Monica Mauri Psychological Disorder Analysis Maria is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who came to the clinic ascribing of having trouble sleeping, feeling “jumpy all of the time,” and experiencing difficulty concentrating. She further said, “That these symptoms are causing problems for her at work, where she is an accountant.” She perceived these symptoms to be her cause of declined performance at her job. So she is very concerned about this, and has come in to seek our help. Upon intake Maria’s symptoms stand in need for analysis to come to a diagnosis. As Maria’s symptoms meet various criteria for Bipolar disorder, Dysthmic disorder, and Major Depression must be eliminated or ruled out. The suspected diagnosis upon her intake is Bipolar disorder or Major Depression. A complete assessment will be done on Maria, and a diagnosis will be determined. After a diagnosis has been established, a brief overview will be explained and possible causes will be explained also, and then followed by an ongoing effective plan of treatment to return the patient to a level of functioning with reduced symptoms. Maria participated in an in-depth interview process. The first questions initially posed to Maria a starting point for further analysis included in the following: 1. Did you remember any significant problems in your childhood? Yes. I was abused at age eight through twelve by a family member, but I do not remember...
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...The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Kristin D Simpson-Oloso Psyc3002 Section 05 Cause of Depression Paper Capella University May 2016 Abstract Depression comes in many different forms such as major depression, dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. Along with the many different forms, there are also many symptoms, which include feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, loss of interest in daily activities, sleep changes, anger, and irritability, loss of energy, self-loathing, and reckless behavior. Although the exact cause of depression has eluded doctors, psychiatrists, nurses, and researchers since its inception, one of the key roles affecting depression is an individual’s environment. The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Environmental causes of depression are concerned with factors that are outside of us. They are not directly related to brain function, inherited traits from parents, medical illnesses, or anything else that may take place within us. Instead, environmental events are those things that happen in the course of our everyday lives that we can’t control. Age, community, society, and a person’s neighborhood do play apart in environmental depression. But, the three arguments’ that I will discuss are prolonged stress, childhood difficulties, or traumatic events. Stress and Depression Depression is a problem that is affecting 9% of U.S. Citizens...
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...MINDANAO SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING A CASE PRESENTATION OF BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER In Partial Fulfillment of the Course NCM 105 Related Learning Experiences January 2013 Table of Contents The Authors Acknowledgement Dedication Objectives of the Study Introduction CHAPTER I -Assessment Psychiatric Nursing History Anamnesis Genogram Mini Mental Status Examination Mental Status Exam Physical Assessment Diagnostic Studies Nurse’s Progress Notes CHAPTER II – Diagnosis and Analysis Psychodynamics Psychodynamics Concept map Life Chart Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder CHAPTER III – Planning and Implementation Nursing Care Plans Psychotherapist Nurse’s Process Recording or NPI CHAPTER IV – Psychopharmacology CHAPTER V – Discharge Plan CHAPTER VI – Evaluation, Prognosis and Recommendation GLOSSARY REFERENCES THE AUTHORS BSN 3B – Group 1 Bandiola, Maricar Mae Bolo, Princess Venimarie Cristobal, Rosnel Dag-uman, Leslie Ann Fuentes, Rajiv Jun Maglasang, Crizza Mariz Montefalcon, Jessel Nasala, Queency Pranza, Mae Kenneth Quinalayo, Paul Vincent Valiente, Katherine ACKNOWLEDGEMENT People would always say, “Two heads are better than one”. How much more if there are more heads than two? A project like this would definitely never be accomplished without the collaboration of many people. First and foremost, we would like to thank our heavenly father for giving us the knowledge...
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...Bipolar Disorder Introduction Also known as manic-depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is defined as a psychological state in which a person experiences a mood disorder causing radical alterations in their moods which can vary from manic highs to depressive lows. Elevated levels of either manic and depression are some of the common experiences that are encountered by a person suffering from this order. During the course of this discussion we will look at some of the key aspects that influence the occurrence, causes, signs and symptoms and treatment of this disease. The term "bipolar disorders" already shows that it is not this is a common disease. The disease may be individually very different and take different courses. Always, however, the disease is usually in stages or episodes in which a certain mood prevails. There are two different episodes of illness, the manic episode or depressive episode and the high point or low phase. What is Bipolar Disorder? In the United States over two million people are diagnosed with the psychological problem of bipolar disorder. One of the major reasons behind the unprecedented rise of people suffering from the disorder is contributed by the complications that hinder correct and accurate diagnosis of the disease. It is mainly because of the delay in the diagnostic process that the number of people suffering from the disorder has increased extraordinarily...
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...Major Psychological Disorders Outline * Anxiety Disorders: The occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning. * Phobic Disorder: an intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. (See figure 1 pg. 400) 1. Claustrophobia: 2. Acrophobia: 3. Xenophobia: 4. Social phobia: * Panic Disorder: Anxiety disorder that takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to as long as several hours. Although the physical symptoms differ from person to person, they may include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, unusual amounts of sweating, faintness and dizziness, gastric sensations, and sometimes a sense of imminent death. * Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry. People with the disorder feel that something dreadful is about to happen but can’t identify the reason, experiencing “free-floating” anxiety. (Figure 3 p. 402) * Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Characterized by obsessions or compulsions. 1. Obsession: A persistent, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring. 2. Compulsion: An irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable. * Causes: Behavioral Perspective: Environmental: learned response to stress. * Cognitive Perspective: suggests that anxiety disorders grow out of inappropriate and inaccurate thoughts and beliefs about circumstances in a person’s world...
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...Bipolar Disorder Introduction Also known as manic-depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is defined as a psychological state in which a person experiences a mood disorder causing radical alterations in their moods which can vary from manic highs to depressive lows. Elevated levels of either manic and depression are some of the common experiences that are encountered by a person suffering from this order. During the course of this discussion we will look at some of the key aspects that influence the occurrence, causes, signs and symptoms and treatment of this disease. The term "bipolar disorders" already shows that it is not this is a common disease. The disease may be individually very different and take different courses. Always, however, the disease is usually in stages or episodes in which a certain mood prevails. There are two different episodes of illness, the manic episode or depressive episode and the high point or low phase. What is Bipolar Disorder? In the United States over two million people are diagnosed with the psychological problem of bipolar disorder. One of the major reasons behind the unprecedented rise of people suffering from the disorder is contributed by the complications that hinder correct and accurate diagnosis of the disease. It is mainly because of the delay in the diagnostic process that the number of people suffering from the disorder has increased extraordinarily...
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...Case Study 1 Tonia Meyers Liberty University Case Study 1 Donald is a fifty-four-year-old male with a wife, children, and several grandchildren. Donald’s symptoms started approximately thirty years ago and have been increasing in severity. Documenting the critical issues, diagnostic impressions, and treatment recommendations are imperative to successfully helping the client deal with the issues and possibly minimize the risk of future relapse in recovery. Addressing the biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects will help to guide the therapist through developing the most accurate treatment model for the patient. Key Issues Listing the key issues through priority, rationale, and documenting possible treatment options will help limit misdiagnosis. Prioritizing the issues will help a counselor to focus on the most accurate diagnosis while presenting the most probable treatment outcomes. Prioritizing Key Issues: * Uncontrollable and excessive worry that interferes with decisions and performance, * Tense, restless, muscle ache, always on guard, * Fatigued through most days, * Long term sleeping issues, * Dependent on sleeping pills, * Worry leads to depression for weeks after losing all pleasure in life and activities, * Twice in past anxiety led to feelings of a heart attack with symptoms of sweating palms, dizziness, heart palpitations, and shortness of breath, and * Family recognize Donald’s symptoms of always being on...
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...Outline and evaluate the Biological approach to abnormality The biological approach suggests that psychological disorders should be treated medically, as this model puts forward the idea that any psychological abnormality is causes by genetic factors and body malfunctions. The model as 4 different elements that may be the cause of psychological abnormalities; viral infections, biochemistry, brain damage, genetic factors. Several studies have been carried out by different researchers to investigate the theories of the model. Biochemical elements, is one of the highly researched parts of this model, where Weinberger in 2002 carried out research that suggested the 22nd chromosome doubled the risk of developing schizophrenia, another study carried out by Zubieta in 2000, where PET scans helped figured out that 30% higher levels of dopamine, serotin and norepinephrine were i9n people with bipolar disorder. On the other hand Janowsky carried out a study to show how biochemical imbalances lead to manic depression. While souse carried out a study in 2010 where genomes of 1000 autistics and 1200 non autistic participants, results showed that autistic participants carry 20% more copy number variation which suggests that this may be caused due to genetics. The viral infections elements were also researched by brown in 2000 where findings suggested that there’s a link between respiratory infections and the second trimester of pregnancy, which may results in the foetus developing schizophrenia...
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...Psychological Disorders Outline PSY/103 Influence on behaviors and Psychological Disorders Outline I. Introduction “Recent data estimate the overall prevalence of depression at about 11.1% of the American population, or nearly 35 million individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). A predictive models suggest that up to 50% of the population will experience at least one episode of depression during their lives” (Life Extension, 2014). Depression has negatively affected the lives of many individuals throughout the world. Look around you there may even be someone close to you that is demonstrating signs of its stifling affects. Depression does not discriminate with its suffocating relentless appetite. It is known to affect children as well as adults of all ethnicities. Depression has an insidious way of taking one from feeling at a level of ten to a level of zero. And if left untreated depression can lead to losing everything that means the world to you. One is debilitated by its unwavering feeling of loneliness, and sometime paralyzing affects. It’s often said that depression results from a chemical imbalance, Scientist have believed for more than 30 years that mood related chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine also known as monoamines are low in the brain during major depressive episodes (Nauert, 2006). Clearly, there is an impact on the patient’s life and his/her family life. Therefore, depression is often considered as a disorder that...
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...Depression Abstract Empirical evidence shows that that depression disorder in children is a common condition that affects emotional, physical, and social development. Risk factors include parental conflict, a family history of depression, poor peer relationship, negative thinking, and deficit in coping skills. Treatment criteria of children and adults are the same, with the exception that children may display irritability rather than depressed or sad mood, and loss of weight may be seen as a failure gain appropriate weight milestones. Diagnosis and treatment should take into account developmental stage, suicidality, severity of depression, and social and environmental factors. The recommended therapies for mild depression include interpersonal therapy and cognitive behavior therapy and serve as appropriate adjuvant to medical treatments for those with moderate and severe depression. This paper explore depression among children, outlines different types of diagnosis, as well as the parameters for rare situations in which practitioners can try antidepressants when psychotherapeutic options fail and the depression is in severe stage. Introduction About 2.8 percent of children younger than 13 years suffer from depression at any given point in time (Clark, Jansen, & Cloy, 2012). The incidence of depression among children is a major concern because of the damaging and acute consequences associated with the disorder. Research shows that 60 percent of adolescents with depression experience...
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...| Psychological Disorder Analysis | By Darci Pelkey | | | 6/1/2010 | | Psychological Disorder Analysis This is solely based on the synopsis, which is lacking several prominent pieces of information that is can be required to complete the diagnosis. Based on the information that is provided, it can be that the patient is suffering from major depression that is described in “ Faces of abnormal psychology integrative”(Kohn, 2007) website. The proper categorization can be Dysthymic Disorder, if Marla had experienced symptoms for more than years. The synopsis does not have this information about Marla. The condition that Marla can have can be evaluated better if there was additional information that was gathered that could allowed for a cause that can be disclosed. Then, a remedy could be designed to fit Marla’s symptoms. Within the clinical interview the therapist can be putting together a clinical picture with the purpose of reaching the proper diagnosis. The question that could ask during the interview: 1. How do you think therapy can do you as the mean of helping you? This can be answer that provide an insight on to what are the other symptoms that Marla may be experiencing that should be addressed. The American Psychiatric Diagnostic and Statistical Manual...
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...Psychiatric Disorders, Diseases, and Drugs Many people suffer from some form of a psychiatric disorder, which affects a person’s ability to behave in way that is deemed normal by society. Several mental disorders have extreme effects on the mental health of those who suffer from them. It is estimated that as much of 3.3 percent of the U.S. population is found in a thirty day period to suffer from extreme psychological distress (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety disorder, and Tourette syndrome are the top five psychiatric disorders, and the effects of each on a person’s mental health range from mild to severe. Schizophrenia is a common psychotic disorder; however it is complicated to diagnose because some neurological disorders share the same symptoms (Pinel, J.P.J. 2009. p. 457). The symptoms that are linked to this disorder are delusions, inappropriate affect, hallucinations, incoherent thought, and odd behavior. Diagnosis is made when a person has experienced at least one or more of the indicators in a consistent time frame. People who suffer from this have trouble organizing their thoughts into logical connections (WebMD, 2012). The statistic rate for people who suffers from this disorder is extremely low; and the cause is relatively unknown. The percentage rate for the amount of people at risk is considerably low; on the other hand the probability is higher on the inheritance rate. This disorder is not curable;...
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...should not be diagnosis with bipolar disorder Null-hypothesis-Children should be diagnosis with bipolar disorder There are many children in the United States today that are diagnosis with bipolar disorder, it population have expanded widely in the world today. Children of today are been misdiagnosis with having bipolar disorder and the number are outspreaded, so with the statistics like this , these children shouldn’t diagnosis with bipolar disorder cause of the finding not true. There have been numbered of drug get distributes to people everyday, for treatment of bipolar disorder. The statistic have say that, many people have been kill of receiving their medicine contaminated, from pick up drug stores. There a mental illness that form called fungal meningitis and sometimes manic-depression that found among children less than the age of eighteen and under, that can cause a major depression in children such as anxiety disorder. Bipolar disorder is not as easily, to be found in children and as well adolescent. Most of the condition becomes overlap that considered with the disorder ADHD, conduct disorder, and depression. Over hundred of people have seemed physician for treatment, using a psychotic medicine to treat bipolar disorder. Some physician doesn’t think bipolar disorder show up in children dues to the misdiagnosed, of what they find, that turn out not to be true in children, could you imagine how many children are diagnosis with this disorder, this should be one reason...
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...Bipolar Disorder (Types I & II) – A General Overview Clinical Procedures (MEA1206C) Rhonda M. Wellde Keiser University Melbourne, Florida September 18th, 2012 I decided to write this month’s written report on Bipolar Disorder, as my mother was diagnosed with Bipolar 1 when I was a child. My family fought through the many challenges and fears that came with seeing someone you love battle what she called “demons” in her head. We constantly had to adjust to her moods, check to make sure she was taking her prescribed medications, and at times, we even fought to keep her alive and well. Today, I have a great interest in Mental Health and because this disorder has had such an impact on my life, I want to share with you some facts and information about this serious brain illness. Bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression) is a treatable psychological illness marked by extreme changes in mood, thought, energy, and behavior. The lifelong prevalence of bipolar disorder in the United States has been noted to range from 1% to 1.6% of the population over the age of 18 in any given year. It affects both men and women at the same rate with the average onset age being in the early to mid-twenties (Calabrese, JR. Overview of patient care issues and treatment in bipolar spectrum and bipolar II disorder. J Clin Psychiatry, June 2008; 69(6):e18). People with bipolar disorder talk about experiencing “highs” (mania) and “lows” (depression); these mood swings can be severe...
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