...1. As Exhibit 1 shown, I first calculate the predetermined overhead rate, which is $15.57 per direct labor hour. And I distributed the dollar amount to different proportion based on Direct-Labor hours to get the overhead cost. Sum the overhead and direct cost to get the total cost; this will be the total cost of producing a batch of beer label. Therefore, we need to divide them up by the bottle per batch in order to know the cost per each bottle for each label. As shown in Exhibit 2, I have determined the allocation rate of each cost driver, and that will allow me to assign them to different cost pool; base on the activities. Adding up all the number I assigned, will give me the overhead cost for each label of a batch. Sum the number up with the direct cost as I did in Exhibit 1, in order to get the cost per batch and per bottle for each beer label. 2. To find gross margin for each batch, we need to know how much they earn by selling one single beer. Use the information from Exhibit 1 and 2; we can know the total cost of each bottle of label. Take away the cost from the selling price, and it will give us the gross margin of selling one beer. Multiply the number to the “number of bottle in a batch”, to get the gross margin for a batch. 3. The benefits of using Plant-wide allocation based method are that, it is simple and easy to calculate. It doesn’t give a really terrible result, it is totally usable with a smaller size companies with smaller amount of...
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...1. According to the gross margin ratio calculations (see Exhibit 1-a, 1-b), Bismark Bock is the most profitably beer label followed by Four Heads Stout and finally Buffalo Ale. Buffalo Ale’s low profitability is due to having the lowest selling price and highest production costs. Having a gross profit margin percentage of 19.05% means that Buffalo Ale generates $0.19 of gross profit for every sales dollar. 2. When referencing the gross margin percentages of the three labels under activity based allocation (see Exhibit 2-a, 2-b, 2-c), Buffalo Ale is the most profitable followed by Four Heads Stout and finally Bismark Bock. Bismark Bock has a negative gross margin percentage, which means this product does not make profit. This loss is a result of high production costs per bottle which are not compensated by the current selling price. These results show how profitability evaluation is highly affected by cost allocation methods. For instance, in question 1, Bismark Bock was ranked as the most profitable label when the plant-wide allocation method based on direct labor hours was used. 3. In theory the two different allocation methods should have no effect on the ending net income. This is because sales prices, number of batches produced and total production costs remain unchanged. According to the calculations, the net income is $51 greater when using activity based allocation compared to using plant-wide allocation (see Exhibit 3-a, 3-b), because the rounding issue. But...
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...national government and smaller governments each have their own powers that are specified by the constitution. Therefore the German constitution of 1871 was a democratic form of government because there was a different representative to each of the different states in Germany. However I also have to disagree with this view for a similar reason. There may have been representatives for each state in the German constitution, however I know from my own knowledge that they all had variations in amounts of power they possessed. I know that Prussia dominated and it had much more power than any of the other states. It had many more representatives than the other states and consequently had more authority and influence because of this. Prussia also had Bismark as their prime minister so therefore wanted to dominate and be the most powerful state in the constitution. I disagree because if it was a democratic government then each of the states would have equal power and wouldn’t allow just one to dominate. My next point why I agree with the statement is because of the election strategy. The election policy was very democratic because the people are voted in by the public. Men who were over 25 could vote and this was seen to be the...
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...The Berlin Conference that occurred from 1884-1885 was convened to sort out the control of Africa trade and regulated European colonization during the New Imperialism period. The New Imperialism period coincided with Germany’s sudden emergence as an imperial power. At the request of Portugal, German Chancellor Otto von Bismark called together all the major western powers of the world. Bismark was glad for the opportunity to expand Germany’s influence over Africa and desired to force Germany’s rivals to struggle with one another for territory. This conference was the undoing of Africa as it eliminated most of the existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance while at the same time heightened the colonial activity by European powers. At the time of the conference 80% of Africa remained under the Native Traditional and local control. The outcome of the conference was the General Act of the Berlin Conference which is also known as the formalization of the Scramble for Africa. This General Act addressed six issues: 1. Freedom of trade in the basin of the Congo 2. Slave Trade 3. Neutrality of the territories in the basin of the Congo 4. Navigation of the Congo 5. Navigation of the Niger 6. Rules for future occupation on the coast of the African continent. http://africanhistory.about.com/od/eracolonialism/l/bl-BerlinAct1885.htm The conference officially opened in Berlin on November 15, 1884 with fourteen countries being represented by ambassadors. The represented...
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...Global Environment of Business Germany Healthcare Profile Healthcare in Germany has been relatively constant throughout history. The growth of the healthcare to what it is today can be found from the 19th century. During this time industry and an up growth of population came to Germany and this also was linked to the founding of the German National Union. This this growth of organized labor it began to be apparent that a form of health care needed to be found to keep the health of the workers. The Bismark model was founded shortly after. This model used an insurance program and those that provided the insurance were referred to as “sickness funds.” The money for this program was taken from the payroll. This was a national coverage so the insurance companies did not profit. In 1883, there was an amendment to the Bismark model. This model was regulated by a man who was known for his military tactics and originally he wanted a national, central office for the healthcare his model was rejected and a more regional program was established to allow smaller pockets of control. There was final change to the model occurred in three phases through the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This brought the model to be a nonprofit and self-governing. Originally the board was made up of more labor and only a few people from business were on the seat for representation. This transitioned to 1920’s when there was an equal board seats. There was a gap between the...
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...of SDM there is value in looking at the more complex costing system, the activity-based system, because their overhead costs cover a varied list of cost types which have no single cost driver that can be used to accurately allocate their overhead expenses to their different product lines. 4. One of the primary problems that South Dakota Microbrewery (SDM) faces is that local competition in the ale market is driving the cost of ale down. Buffalo Ale is both SDM’s most profitable and biggest yielding product. Decreases in the price of ale would adversely affect SDM’s bottom line. The company has some protection from this decrease in market price for ale because they have multiple product lines. However one of their two other product lines, Bismark Bock, is not profitable and the company has a loss of $38.94 for each batch of bock that they sell. These losses were originally masked when SDM calculated their costs using a plant-wide allocation based on direct-labor hours. If they cannot make a profit from bock, either by reducing the cost to produce it, or by increasing the price at which it is sold, this product line may need to be eliminated. However, without knowing more about the market that they operate in this may cause further losses and might need to be avoided. The most straight forward way to make bock profitable would be to increase its cost, but It is unclear in this case study if SDM will be able...
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...CLASSROOM AS A DEMOCRACY All make laws -- legislative function of govt All enforce/implement laws – executive function of govt All judge/interpret laws – judicial function of govt What will be taught, who will teach it, how students will be graded, what are rules of classroom behavior, when you have to leave, when you have to be stopped in particular behaviors, how we will support our teaching ideas, etc. In direct democracy all are legislators, executives, judges – find rules like unanimity, super-majority, majority, etc. In representative democracy, some are chosen (usually by election or rotation among all members) to make laws, enforce laws, and judge laws. Can separate legis, exec, and jud pwr into different persons to protect of too much power in a few persons hands – SEPARATION OF POWERS Can divide powers so that all agree on some rules, but separate groups can make own rules on others – DIVISION OF POWER [FEDERALISM or SHARED SOVEREIGNTY] In Germany, nobles gained more and more power until the emperor was only figurehead by 13th C. Princes and leading churchmen ran ministates as wanted – Germany was crazy quilt of hundreds of independent principalities and cities. Split b/t Catholics and Protestants made this fragmentation more severe. The Habsburg Emperor, Charles V in the middle of the 16th C almost crushed Lutheranism. Solved problem of different religions by cuius regio eius religion – whoever reigns, his religion. Then the 30 years war won...
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...Denmark, Austria and France that allowed him to unite 39 independent German states. He manipulated his way to the top. Bismarck dominated because he understood a wider range of factors relevant to international affairs. I would describe Bismarck using Covey’s term coercive power. Coercive power is defined as power to make followers follow out of fear that something would happen if they don’t do what is asked. (Covey, 1991, p. 101) Wilhelm was a weak leader. A “political child” as Bismarck called him. Whenever Wilhelm would try to disagree with Bismarck, Bismarck would threaten to resign. Thus, Wilhelm would always give in. Is he any different from most leaders? Without him, would there have been a Germany? References Bismark- Germany from Blood and Iron. Retrieved on July 7,2013 http://cup.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-311358-dt-content-rid-5109659_1/courses/20141010832/resources/Week%204/BizmarkTranscript.htm Covey, Stephen R. (1990) Principle- Centered Leadership. New York, New York.: Free...
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...Chelsea Ginsberg 02/22/13 ACCT2301 South Dakota Microbrewery Case 1. Prepare a complete product cost estimate for Buffalo Ale, Bismark Bock an Four Heads Stout (see Exhibit 4) using: a. The plant-wide allocation based on direct-labor hours b. An activity-based cost system Activity rates: Cost estimate based on activity rates: 2. For each costing method, what is the gross margin per batch for each beer label, in dollars? What is the gross margin percentage? What is the total gross margin for each beer label? Plant-wide allocation method: ABC method: 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages for both allocation systems in #1? For the plant-wide allocation based on direct labor hours, the advantages include that it’s an easy method that doesn’t require much to calculate. You get the total cost simply from adding the direct material cost, direct labor cost, and manufacturing cost and divide by the number of materials (in this case, bottles). It’s easier to use for small companies, because, as a disadvantage, it can be an inaccurate method of allocation. In this particular case, each beer has different resources and processes and the estimated price probably doesn’t reflect the actual value. As for the ABC allocation method, it takes into account the different level or resources that the other method doesn’t, making it a more accurate price. It can be used accurately for large companies as opposed to smaller companies; however its disadvantage...
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...Russian masses. * April 12, 1861 American Civil War erupted because of negro slavery this compelled United States Pres. Abraham Lincoln to issue EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION on September 22, 1863 freeing negro slaves.April 1862 * EMPEROR NAPOLEON III of 2nd French Empire invaded Mexico and installed ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN as puppet emperor of Mexico City on June12, 1864. With President Lincoln support Suarez defeated French forces in the BATTLE OF QUERETARO (May 15, 1867). * 2. Later part of the 19th century Italians under COUNT CAVOUR OF GARIBALDI and his ARMY OF RED SHIRTS drove out Austrians and French Armies and proclaimed KINGDOM OF ITALY under KING VICTOR EMMANUEL with ROME as the Capital City. * The PRUSSIANS under OTTO VON BISMARK, the IRON CHANCELLOR defeated France and established the GERMAN EMPIRE in January 18, 1875 with KING WILHELM OF PRUSSIA as FIRST KAISER. * The glorious reign of QUEEN VICTORIA (1837-1901) proudly asserted. BRITANIA RULES THE WAVES. Acquired the island of HONGKONG when she defeated the Chinese MANCHU DYNASTY in OPIUM WAR (1840-1842). * England won again the OPIUM WAR (1856 – 1860) that force the MANCHU DYNASTY to cede KOWLOON PENINSULA opposite HONGKONG.ENGLAND conquer India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in 1859. She also conquered Burma, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Aden, Malaya, Singapore, Egypt, Australia, New Zealand.In 1858-1863 France conquered Vietnam and annexed Cambodia in 1863 and Laos in 1893- FRENCH INDOCHINA * The DUTCH – drove...
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...regularly. The prime minister may be removed from power whenever he loses the confidence of a majority of the ruling party or of the parliament. This form of governance originated in Britain and spread across the globe. Parliamentary democracy is different to direct democracy in that the former is a system in which citizens vote for representatives (politicians) to make decisions on their behalf, whereas in a direct democracy policy initiatives and laws would be decided on via votes/referendums involving eligible and willing to vote. Arguably the most notable condition present in the German political system in 1914 that supports the notion of Germany being a democracy was universal male suffrage, which had been upheld since Otto Von Bismark introduced it in 1871. Through this system of voting, all males over the age of 25 could vote in elections for the Imperial Parliament (Reichstag), in secret ballots which ensured protection from persecution and intimidation. The ability of people from all classes to vote in elections is a hallmark of parliamentary democracy, allowing for all social classes to be represented in...
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...Healthcare in Germany By Nabil Fakhoury Florida Atlantic University Into to Healthcare Systems (HSA 6103) Dr. Shehadeh Fall 2014 Table of contents Abstract2 Introduction2 Access and Coverage2 Expenditures and Finance3 Advantages4 Drawbacks5 Hospitals and physicians6 Conclusion7 Introduction The German healthcare system can be traced back to the 1883, when Prince Otto Von Bismark passed a health insurance bill into a law. The German healthcare model is still known as the “Bismark Model” today (Khazan, 2014). There are many differences between the healthcare systems in the United States and in Germany. The German healthcare system does have some drawbacks; however, its many advantages rank it as one of top countries for providing accessible and quality healthcare. Despite all the controversy surrounding the many changes that the German system has undergone, Germany is still able to spend a fraction of what the United States spends on healthcare while still providing quality care that is accessible to everyone (Green & Irving, 2001). Germany spends $4,495 per capita while the U.S. Spends $8,508 per capita (Gopffarth, 2012). According to Dr. Dirk Gopffarth, Germany favors balancing its healthcare management over balancing the market competition (Gopffarth, 2012). Healthcare financing relies mostly on sick funds and government contributions. Germany is the only country in the European Union with a supplemental private health insurance (Riesberg & Worz...
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...Cash-Less Policy Experts believe the cash-less Policy would curb corruption but may increase price level in the short – term By Goke Awoyemi The Managing Director of Financial Derivatives Company Limited, Mr. Bismark Rewane, has said that the cash-less policy the central Bank of Nigeria will increase price level in the short term. The policy commenced in Lagos last month. There has been debate by different observers of Nigeria’s financial system over the effects the cash-less policy and fuel subsidy removal will have on inflation. While some observers have argued that inflation rate will shoot up to an average of 20 per cent in 2012, others have said the rise in inflation rate will only exist in the short term. Rewane said in a report entitled, “Fuel Subsidy Saga,” delivered at the Lagos Business School, that one of the macro-economic effects of the cash-less policy is that price level would increase in the short-run, adding that, “inflation could average 12 to 14 per cent in 2012 due to subsidy impact.” He said, “Short-run effect is that money supply will decline by 50 per cent to N2.5tn and broad money supply (M2) will increase to N18.5tn. Velocity of circulation will increase due to transaction settlement speed. Bank float levels will reduce correspondingly.” Rewane pointed out that some global issues would affect Nigeria, saying that, “African currencies including the naira will come under increasing pressure. The recession will reduce aid and Diaspora...
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...PLAN DE MARKETING PRODUCTO • • • • • • • Tiente labial en dos pasos. Apariencia de rotulador Disponible en 8 colores. Lápiz-‐aplicador de gran precisión. Permanente / no se borra / no mancha. Sensación de hidratación todo el día. Lanzamiento en el 2010. MARCA • Margaret Astor nació en 1952 de origen alemán • Diez años más tarde llegó a España • En el 2000 acortó su nombre : ASTOR • Astor es una compañía perteneciente al Grupo Coty Inc, creado en 1904 por François Coty. PRESENCIA GAMA DE PRODUCTOS u Ojos: • Máscara de pestañas • Sombra de ojos • Lápiz de ojos • • • • • • u Rostro: Base de maquillaje Corrector Polvos Bronceador Colorete Cuidado facial u Uñas: • Esmaltes • Tratamientos específicos u Labios: • • • Barra de labios Lápiz de labios Brillo de labios PRECIO • 10,00 € aproximadamente DISTRIBUIDORES • GRANDES...
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...Earlier in the year the people over DAPL considered moving the pipeline to the area of North Dakota’s capital, Bismark but the plan was turned down for the fear of the pipeline poisoning their main water source, then the construction workers had no choice but to move it near the Standing Rock Sioux tribe’s homeland. This brought up a lot of controversies being that if it’s not safe for the capital, then it’s not safe for the Sioux tribe or anyone around the pipeline that will be affected. The people against the pipeline feel as if they were not treated fairly. It’s been stated that even though the EPA says they will monitor the pipeline 24/7 they “can monitor maintenance” but “it wouldn’t give them enough notice to effectively prevent contamination in the event of a serious problem”. People can see how that can be seen as not being fair or equal. Another...
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