...Control theories make a little more sense to me. Reckless' containment theory says there are predispositions that make people commit crimes. He uses the terms pushes and pulls. Pushes can come from troubled psyches, or stressful circumstances outside the individual, whereas pulls can be from family, friends, etc. His point is however that these pushes and pulls are not evenly distributed between society. He recognizes these pushes and pulls but says there is more needed to completely explain. Not all youths in socially disorganized areas that are exposed to these pushes or pulls commit crimes. Hence the factor of control. He studied inner and outer containement. Inner involves a strong conscience, conventional beliefs, commitment to goals, etc. Outer containment is an array of forces that limit exposure to criminal pushes and pulls. I like this theory a lot. I think it's hard to test, because we're talking about a lot of inner questions like morals and goals. He recognizes the "pushes and pulls which can explain a lot of crime, but not all. Then he factors in these containment factors which push the theory further. I think it's very valid and important to study these types of factors, but at the same time I think it's hard to study it. All in all, I like this theory and I think it makes a lot of sense. Hirschi's a bit different with the social bond theory. He didn't attempt to explain why individuals engage in criminal acts, but rather why individuals choose to conform to conventional...
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...Critical Review of Family Violence Theories Jane A. Rodriguez # 660084749 SWK 450 Inside Family Violence Professor Dale Shank L.M.S.W October 1, 2012 Abstract The theories that I have chosen for my paper are: race, class, and gender theory, and social learning theory. The race, class and gender theory is based on statistics on race such as the example that the book gives about African American men dying prematurely than their white counter parts (Hattery and Smith 2007). The fact is that there are more blue collar workers who are African American, and involved in physical labor. There is also more poverty, and lack of health care which can lead to more stress with the African American population. My paper will discuss the pros and cons of this theory. The second theory the Social Learning theory is a perspective that states that people learn within a social context. It is facilitated through concepts such as modeling and observational learning. Critical Review of Family Violence Theories In her now classic Black Feminist Thought (2000), Patricia Hill Collins put forth a comprehensive approach for understanding the intersections of race with gender, sexuality, and class in the lives of black women and men. Hill Collins explained that “oppression cannot be reduced to fundamental type, and that oppressions work together in producing injustice” (2000:18). In using this intersectional framework, she critiqued previous scholarship in which on dimension of inequality...
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...Black power in many ways was the opposite of everything non-violence was. Racial hatred, violence and self-reliance. The ideas that self-defense was a natural right, and in order to maintain it, African Americans must assert it, not become passive. As Malcolm X said, “The only way to defend yourself from a man with a rifle and club is to use a rifle and club yourself.” However, the two approaches did have similarities, with similar end results being blacks and whites live in harmony. Both demanded equality not just in theory but also in societal life. Where they differed most was in the methods used and the time each group was willing to wait. The non-violence method was rooted in religion and common sense. To succeed non-violent protest required not just the support of the black population, but that population's...
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...Eleanor Francis Francis 1 MEDC 5310 Carol Richardson October 17, 2013 An Analysis of the Ideology and Messages About Culture in Prime Time Television Seven days a week, 24 hours a day there is something to watch on television. There are reality shows, newscasts, news programs, dramas, sitcoms, the list is endless. The Big Bang Theory, The Millers, Law & Order: SVU, and Blue Bloods are all part of the prime time lineup of shows throughout any given week. The Big Bang Theory, airs on CBS and was created by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady. It is the story of two brilliant physicists that work at CalTech in Pasadena, CA. Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper are co-workers, best friends and roommates. Sheldon is “regimented, deeply eccentric, and non-conventional” in his thinking which is a consistent hardship on the relationship between these two friends (“Plot Summary”). They are friends with colleagues Howard Wolowitz, a mechanical engineer, and Rajesh Koothrappali, an Indian immigrant who works as an astrophysicist. The foursome are “self-professed nerds, [with] little or no luck with popular women” (“Plot Summary”). A neighbor, Penny, is of average mind but compared to this brilliant squad she’s made to seem of less than average intelligence. Leonard’s goal is to get Penny to be his girlfriend. Immediately following Big Bang is The Millers created by Greg Garcia and starring Will Arnett. Arnett plays the part of Nathan, a single reporter who has...
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... but no one really converses about one actual definition. To me, Hip Hop is a way for people to express their opinions and experiences within their music. Hip Hop is distorted throughout history. It originated in the streets of New York City during the late 60’s early 70’s, specifically in the Bronx. Back then it was just a style of poetry, like a type of freestyle that young black men performed. Quickly this style started to become popular and the black youth began “…engaging in verbal duels with contenders like a linguistic match…” (Gates). Due to the geographic location of this formation of Hip Hop, it is considered a “black art form”. Other ethnicities such as the Caribbean and Latin peoples probably had some contribution towards Hip Hop, but it’s still considered black music. For example, Perry talks about the Afro-Atlantic theory which talks about how migrating patterns over the Atlantic Ocean led to the conception of Hip Hop, but states that it’s just “…a fantastic aspiration rather than a reality…” . She claims that it’s just a fantasy rather than reality because it’s just a theory that...
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...nearly 2 million people leaving farms and towns each year (small town values change) 1. City dwellers judged one another by their accomplishments more often than their background a. City dwellers tolerated drinking, gambling, and casual dating (shocking and sinful in small towns) 2. Cities could be impersonal and frightening b. Life was fast paced and neighbors were not as neighborly B. Prohibition: the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited 3. 18th Amendment: ratified Jan, 1919 and repealed by the 21st Amendment in Dec, 1933 C. Positive Opinions/Results of Prohibition: 4. Progressives wanted it banned to stop family violence, crime, and poverty c. Support for prohibition was found in the rural native-Protestant dominated West and South d. The church-affiliated Anti-Saloon League led the drive to pass Prohibition e. Woman’s Christian Temperance Union considered drinking a sin 5. WW I reformers advocated prohibition as a war measure f. People were concerned that many German Americans owned many of the brewers g. Drinking reduced the efficiency of soldiers and workers 6. Learned we must have a clear majority supporting an issue before a law is made h. Initially alcoholism declined and the number of alcohol related deaths D. Negative Opinions/Results of Prohibition: ...
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...roles during the Harlem Renaissance, The elements of double consciousness within their poetry, and the primary themes seen in poetry during this time period. Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was one of the most influential writers during the Harlem Renaissance. His unique style of writing incorporated Jazz and Blues music into poetry. Langston Hughes played a significant role during the Harlem Renaissance period, his work became the voice for the average African American struggling to deal with the stress / pressures of being racially discriminated against. His poems encouraged them to love their brown skin and accept who they are and not how they are seen by their white counterparts. Instead of African Americans sacrificing their identity (culture) to blend into the white society he encouraged Negroes to have a sense of pride in their ancestry and celebrate their spirituality and culture. His poems spoke against racism and acts of violence against Negroes. Claude McKay Claude McKay was born in a small predominately black town in Sunny Ville, Jamaica at 17 he moved to Kingston Jamaica where he had his first encounter with racism. He was disgusted at how blacks were thought to be inferior and only capable of...
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...Within this essay I will be attempting to critically examine a range of psychological explanations for racism. According to the oxford dictionary definition Racism is ‘The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races: theories of racism. Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior: a programme to combat racism’ [Oxford Dictionary: Online] Social scientist have viewed and taken racism to be a factor that has arisen from our surrounding; built from the people and world around us, whereas clinical psychologist tend to focus on psychological issues assumed to be the primary cause of racial behaviour. Minard (1952) investigated how social norms promote discrimination and racism within individuals, [Gross.R 2014]. The Black and White miner’s behaviour was observed above and below ground, within southern USA. He found below ground 80 of white miners were friendly towards the black minors. Above ground they found that the social norm was to be prejudice so the above figure was dropped to 20. This suggests on how the white minors were conforming to the social norm around them, whether that was above or below. Similarly the famous study of Zimbardo (1973), ‘Standford Prison Experiment’, enlightened on how within a short amount of time, when given...
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...that includes feelings of contempt, fear and loathing, which results from a preconceived cognition or stereotype. I.E. black people aren’t as smart as white people, all gay men are effeminate etc. These core beliefs more often than not lead to heavily discriminatory behaviour from the in-group in order to undermine the out-group/minority and force them to believe their own stereotypes. This idea can be clearly related back to the movie Remember the Titans where racism, sexism and homophobia were a regular occurrence backed up by such discriminatory behaviour as segregation, work-place favouritism and often, violence. Despite this, a number of practices can be put in place in everyday life in order to reduce prejudicial attitudes and behaviour, including superordinate goals, mutual interdependence and intergroup contact. Social psychologists throughout history have developed a number of theories pertaining as to how and why people develop prejudices toward one another; however, only a small number have been found to be applicable to most situations in life and can be readily observed throughout Remember the Titans. Such theories include, realistic conflict theory, social identity theory and mere exposure. The theory of realistic conflict was first conceived by Donald Campbell in the 1960’s and is the social psychological model of intergroup conflict. The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as an immediate result of competition over a real or perceived limited resource...
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...Adrian M. Wright Com 172 03/21/2012 Lilac Bauer Money and Marriage - Breadwinner Wives “I don’t care too much for money, money can’t buy me love.” We have all heard those lyrics before but how true are those words? Merriam-Webster defines marriage as (1) the state of being united to a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife in a consensual and contractual relationship recognized by law. The roles of a married man and woman have changed so much over the years. Women now maintain a present role in the work force and in a lot of cases surpassed men in the corporate environment. The dynamics of marriage has also changed; some men have taken the role as a “stay at home dad” and assumed the duties of keeping the house or maintain only blue collar jobs. What happens to a marriage when the female is the primary wage earner and the male is the secondary? When this happens it creates an environment of inferiority, confuse the marriage structure, and can lead to infidelity and abuse. However, many couples have adapted to these generational changes and united to make lasting marriages. When the wife is the breadwinner in a marriage it creates an environment that the man is inferior to the woman. Since the institution of women’s rights, more women have set out to prove their independence by obtaining educational degrees and maintaining the same or higher roles than man in the work place. (Tichenor, 2005) Suppose the woman is an attorney and the male is a janitor, in this example...
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...Milestone One: Annotation Bibliography By Vincent Berry WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION? Are record labels racism and political in the music industry? What impact does racism and politics have on the artist and fan base? SUMMORIZE SOURCE INFORMATION FOR EACH ANNOTATION Suisman, David. "Co Workers in the Kingdom of Culture: Black Swan Records and the Political Economy of African American Music." Teaching the Journal of American History Vol. 90, No. 4.March 2004 (2004): 1295-1324. Web. 1 Mar. 2004. African American owned Record Company, which produced records for African American consumers, was faced with attempts by a large record corporation to force them into bankruptcy. Why would a large company do this for such a small African American owned company? How would it merit attention from African American people in this medium when you have more important subjects like voting rights and lynching? Moreover, why would it merit any attention at all, not to mention, selling records to black consumers. This article answers these questions and investigates the rise and fall of the small record company and explores the political economy in which it operated. Black Swan Records created by Henry H. Pace, who saw a way to respond to a hostile environment that African American people faced with, both in the entertainment industry and in American society. The protégé of W.E.B Du Bois, also saw that African Americans were not equally even when they were freed from slavery. Access to material...
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...GLOBAL SCAPES Ethnoscape 1. Unfortunately for Anthony being a drug dealer seems to be a family cycle. His father was a drug dealer and out of his life, and now Anthony, a father who a little girl, will be absent from her life because he became a drug dealer. 2. In low income communities drug dealers were looked up as role models in the community. The children looked up to them and wanted to be them. It seemed that these kids didn’t have many people who cared about them and these drug dealers “took care” of them. 3. There are more African-Americans in prison now than they were enslaved in the late 1800’s. African-Americans are disaportionate in jails, especially since only 13% of crack users are African-Americans. Financescape 1. One women stated that surviving meant selling drugs. She didn’t have a choice; and explained how sometimes no one has a choice. Judges and cops bought it. It was easy to sell, and this was her way of living. 2. Anthony’s father sold drugs to maintain a type of lifestyle he wanted. When he was growing up the neighborhood drug dealer got people the shoes they wanted, the kids got ice cream, candy, movie tickets, etc. Then the drug dealer taught them how to sell drugs and get their own money. 3. After prisoners who went to jail get out from drug related charges they need to make some kind of money to live. Automatically they cannot go to school because of the cost and they are ineligible for grants. They also cannot...
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...oppression to the capitalist system. Women suffer a double exploitation as women and as members of the working class. Radical feminists disregard all questions of political and economic dispensation to concentrate on the roots of the problem. The central root of the problem is the system of patriarchy which leads to all kinds of discrimination against and devaluation of women. Politico-economic questions are not the roots but only auxiliaries. The concept of gender is the real villain and has to be demolished. Lately, more groups like Psychoanalytical feminism, Postmodern or Poststructuralists feminism, Black feminism and so on have also been added. Black feminism mainly studies the issues of self- consciousness and self identity of black women who are caught in a dilemma and tries to provide methods to help black women achieve self realization. In the long history, that is black women’s double identity,...
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...Di Wu 2010–06–04 Chapter 6 native Americans In this chapter, we learn about history and development of Native American. This chapter consist of three parts , history of native; how federal polices effect on native American ; what situation the native American in today. After reading this chapter, I think racism is a very painful problem in the United States. of the first acts of racism in American was against the Native Americans. At first, the Native Americans were the Europeans’ friends. The Native Americans showed the Europeans how to farm, hunt and live off the land in this new America. As time went by and the Europeans became comfortable, they no longer need the Native American people. The Native American people were in the way, they had land that the growing population of the Europeans wanted and needed. This was the start of many treaties that the American Government would make the Native people, and the start for racism against them. Out of all the treaties that the American Government made with the Native People, they kept all of them, but the United States only kept half of the treaties. For federal policies, American government gives an immense amount of respect to such diverse cultures and groups, but where is the respect for the Indians. When the United States first became an independent nation, it adopted the European policies towards these native peoples, but over the course of two centuries the U.S. adapted its own widely varying policies regarding the changing...
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...in news and media reports, in which is perceived as an imbalance or unfair presentation of facts or selective reporting of which events or facts reported. The main point here is when biases in media distorts certain stories, and other stories are spoken about entirely too much it hurts the democracy in America. The media, in that case, fails to focus on real issues that underlie the American culture, it has one-sided opinions, favoring a liberal’s point of view, and it caters to the majority, favoring the wealthy. Media biases causes American people to become misinformed or too well informed, often due to the tendency of the media covering unimportant stories about celebrities, while overlooking issues like war, poverty, disease, violence, and education. The media content and new coverage rarely display the underlying issues that the American people face. Rather, it...
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