...Code Meshing vs. Code Switching: Which One Should be Taught in Schools? In the article “Twitterish,” John McWhorter explains the need for different forms of literacy and multimodality – Standard English and new digital literacies. He also, in a way, talks about code switching and code meshing because he shows how people can switch between different literacies and how they can also incorporate both Standard English and digital literacies into speech and writing together. John White’s paper goes into much greater detail about what code switching is and how to teach it in schools. He says that code switching – the act of changing from a culturally imbued discourse to Standard English, but not necessarily vice versa – is a priority to teach to...
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...However, Barack Obama should not be considered outside the context of his own psychological and developmental growth, his own personality, and his own path towards self-actualization. Which makes more music, a violin or the violinist? The answer is neither because without one or the other the music could not exist at all. The same concept can be applied to the nature vs. nurture controversy. Is our personality more a product of our genetically inherited traits or our environmentally learned characteristics? The answer is neither because without one the other could not exist. The question is not about how much, but simply how genetics and our environment interact to create the unique individuals that we see around us. Robinson (2004) explains it this way, "Behavior is orchestrated by an interplay between inherited and environmental influences acting on the same substrate, the genome" (p. 397). Robinson goes on to explain that DNA is both inherited and environmentally responsive, meaning that our DNA affects our environment and vice versa. In the case of Barack Obama, his mother is white and his father is black. His mother and father are both highly educated people. Obama's moral development follows a rocky path along cultural norms, geographical limitations, and issues of cultural...
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...scholar or English or literature" (Tan 2006) but expresses her thoughts and supplies empirical evidence about how both she and others judged her mother's intelligence by how she spoke English. Tan introduces us to the concept of "Englishes", i.e. the English used in her household; the English she was taught in school; the English she writes in. Tan writes about the possibility that students, particularly Asian Americans, may be steered away from careers in Literature or creative writing because of the "broken or limited"(Tan, 2006) English used in their homes. I continue to feel that Tan's main goal of the article is to get us to think about the ways we view people who speak "limited or broken" English. As a continuation of the author's goal she writes about how really listening to her own talk as she spoke to various groups about her writing life and her book "The Joy Luck Club” caused her to realize the "whole talk sounded wrong." What she was hearing and learning, perhaps for the first time, was that she was not using one of the "Englishes" that she "did not use at home with my mother." I did identify some new key points and these are how Tan writes about how she thinks "about the power of language--the way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth." One way the reading supports this is when she writes about the possibility that there are so few Asian Americans involved in creative writing because of the limitations of the English spoken in...
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...qualities, especially those increase the attractiveness of a person or an object. It can be categorized into two different kinds: external beauty and inner beauty (Panek, 2011). External beauty mainly focuses on appearance and body shape (Etcoff, 1999), while inner beauty refers to internal qualities which is considered nice and graceful to others (Perry, 2011). A person described as “beautiful” usually possess a combination of both. While the concept of “inner beauty” is universal, the standard of external beauty is subject to variations (Carla615, 2011), hence would be the main focus of this essay. Some believe that such judgments are universally consistent and based on biological evidence, while others are convinced that culture and one’s individual background may also impact on judgements of beauty. In fact, judgments of beauty are made under a mixed factor of biological intuition, individual history and cultural change. They are not universal across the world. Across centuries, the standard of beauty was always under the influence of culture. Culture are “the combination of ideas, customs and social behaviors within a particular society” (Oxford Dictionary, 2015). Differences in time and geographical regions result in differences in numerous cultures. Idealized features of feminine beauty differ because of variation in culture. Specific practices include foot binding in ancient China (Week 9 Beauty, 2015); Ohaguro, blackening of teeth,...
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...Setting the current legal standard to determine obscene material and laying the guidelines for distribution and regulation of such material has constantly raised questions in legal areas. Establishing how to define when a text is protected under the law poses a persistent struggle in legal definitions; to understand this issue, it is necessary to review the evolution of sexual explicit content throughout history, should a single jury, in a constantly changing society, determine the value of a work? In ancient times, sexual explicit content in drama, poetry, art and sculpture were not regulated by the state, as sex was a natural part of life, art graphically depicted intercourse, anal intercourse, prostitution and same-sex sex. Sumerian literature openly portrayed human love to be intimately connected to sexual pleasure (Black, Cunningham, Robson and Zolyom 188-190). Greek artists depicted explicit scenes of intercourse, anal intercourse, masturbation and fellatio on vases and terracotta and Greek drama was often demonstrative, Greece and Rome punished blasphemous and heretical expression, but not obscenity. Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides all dealt with...
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...Germany Demographics Profile 2013 Home > Factbook > Countries > Germany Population 81,305,856 (July 2012 est.) Age structure 0-14 years: 13.2% (male 5,499,555/female 5,216,066) 15-24 years: 10.9% (male 4,539,977/female 4,339,221) 25-54 years: 42.2% (male 17,397,266/female 16,893,585) 55-64 years: 13% (male 5,236,617/female 5,354,262) 65 years and over: 20.7% (male 7,273,915/female 9,555,392) (2012 est.) Median age total: 45.3 years male: 44.2 years female: 46.3 years (2012 est.) Population growth rate -0.2% (2012 est.) Birth rate 8.33 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) Death rate 11.04 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) Net migration rate 0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) Urbanization urban population: 74% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Major cities - population BERLIN (capital) 3.438 million; Hamburg 1.786 million; Munich 1.349 million; Cologne 1.001 million (2009) Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Infant mortality rate total: 3.51 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.81 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) Life expectancy at birth total population: 80.19 years male: 77.93 years female: 82.58 years (2012 est.) Total fertility rate 1.41 children born/woman...
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...Summer Assignment for AA Junior English 2009-10 Welcome to next year’s AA Junior English class! The class is as rigorous as it is enriching, in that it covers more than a thousand years of British literature and culture. During the summer, you must read Seamus Heaney’s translation of Beowulf and complete the assignments listed (including the 25 vocabulary words). Heaney’s translation is available at most bookstores, or you can order his version online (or ask a current AA Junior English student if you can buy his/her used copy). The ISBN is 0393320979. It has a black cover, with a picture of a head and shoulders covered in chain mail. No other version is acceptable! DUE: Monday, August 12, 2009. STEP #1 – Purchase and read the Beowulf version listed above (both Borders at Superstition Springs Mall and Barnes and Noble at ValVista and the 60 know you will need to purchase this book). The text on the right side (the odd numbered pages) is the modern translation. STEP #2 – Complete the Vocabulary assignment (it may actually serve you better to complete the vocabulary assignment prior to reading the text). Make sure the definitions you use match the use of the word in context. You will be responsible for knowing the definitions of these words as they are used in context in the epic. Type each word and its definition in Times New Roman font, size 12. 1. anathema (page 9) 14. whorled (127) 2. lair (11) 15. ensconced (131) 3. wassail (11) 16...
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...Sociology course. Ethnocentrism in Your United States Ethnocentrism is the following: 1-judging another culture using the standards of your own culture, 2-claiming that another culture is better than your own and 3-people taking pride in their ethnicity. Ethnocentrism can have its positive and negative points as well. Positively it helps people to be proud of their ethnic culture and its traditions. It helps people feel linked to their past and relatives that have passed. Negatively, it’s wrong to think that your culture is superior or makes you more special than another. In the United States we are suppose to accept people of all cultures, religions, colors and races and because of this diversity it makes the United States strong a great nation. But due to ethnocentrism, it can set people apart and there is not always the “Us” but an “Us vs Them” mentality. I have witnessed a different form of ethnocentrism. It does not really have to do with cultures, but it has to do with a person’s title or position in the work place. A company I worked for had a supervisor who took his title way to far. Everyone is to work as a team and respect each other is what I have always been taught and that is most people’s work attitude or ethic. This supervisor treated everyone poorly and spoke down to everyone. It did not matter if you were white, black, Mexican, laborer, secretary, sales person; this person just thought that due to the title he was superior. Once out of the...
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...known for his imprisonment that lasted 27 years. He was imprisoned for fighting for the civil rights of blacks in South Africa. Later on he won the Nobel Peace Prize and hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Unfortunately Nelson Mandela died on December 5th, 2013 but he will always stay in our hearts and be remembered. [INSERT TIMELINE] In 2009 the United Nations General Assembly declared July 18th ‘Mandela Day’ as an acknowledgment of Nelson Mandela’s contribution to world freedom. This day is meant to inspire people to take actions to help change the world into a better place and by doing so to build a global movement of good. In the end this day exists to empower communities everywhere. The Mandela Day campaign message is simple: Nelson mandela gave 67 years of his life fighting for human rights . So on this day all you have to do is give 67 minutes of your time, whether it’s doing community service or supporting your local charity. It doesn’t matter what you do as long as you stick to the ethical framework of “service to one’s fellow human”. For example, there is an event called Bikers For Mandela Day. In 2010 a group of 41 people travelled from Johannesburg on a six day road trip to Cape Town to spread the word of Mandela Day. INTERESTING FACTS 1) His real name is Rolihlahla Mandela, which translates to troublemaker, he received his more familiar English name (Nelson), from a teacher at age 7. 2) There's a woodpecker named after him: From Cape Town to California...
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...Alice Niako English 15.6 Racial Profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targets of targeted individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual’s race, ethnicity, and religion or nation origin. I am against racial profiling, it is typical practiced by police upon reliance on a group of characteristics deemed to be associated with crime. In 2000, 20 state legislatures considered legislation which would require compiling records on police stops according to the journal article Racial Profiling by Baltimore: Prejudice Institute. Some proposals include fining police officers who engage in profiling and withholding state funds from offending police departments. According to the article Trayvon Martin case highlighted as radical profiling by Senate panel, “4.3 million street stops done by the New York Police Department from 2002 to 2011 disproportionately targeted black and Latino residents and that just 12 percent of total stops resulted in an arrest or summons.” This demonstrates the concept of racial profiling being abused, in these stops along with the Trayvon case “stereotypes played a role,” said Anthony Romero. Countless accounts have been made by activists regarding to this sensitive and controversial topic of racial profiling. “There is a real tension between black boys and the police. Not perceived but real. If you walk into any inner city school in the African American community and ask students, Have any of you ever been...
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...THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE CODESWITCHING IN INCREASING ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS AMONG MEXICAN-AMERICAN YOUTH by MELISSA MAIER BISHOP Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2006 Copyright © by Melissa Maier Bishop 2006 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A wise professor told me before starting my PhD work to not forget my distractions. Therefore, this work is dedicated to my three favorite distractions—my husband Jeff and my two sons, Abel and Peyton. Thank you, Jeff, for all of your encouragement, your support, and your shoulder to lean on and your ear to listen during the past five years as we’ve come together on this journey. Thank you, Abel and Peyton, for sharing me with my studies and for often keeping me company while I studied for my exams and wrote my papers. Thank you also to my wonderful committee who were all so encouraging and patient with me, especially my Chair, Dr. Mark Peterson. Your excitement for my ideas inspired me as well as your belief in me. You have an unselfish and self-sacrificing nature that shines through you, and you are a gift to all of your students. Many thanks also to Dr. Roger Dickinson, who was a great support to me over the past five years and a big reason I decided to join the program in the first place. Thanks to my parents and to Jeff’s parents...
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...Idioms 1) “Absence makes heart grow fonder” :- Our feeling for those we love increases when we are apart from them . 2) “Armed to the teeth” :- To be heavily armed. 3) “Back-handed compliment” :- A compliment that also insults or put down at the same time. 4) “Bleed like a stuck pig” :- To bleed heavily. 5) “Blow off some steam” :- To enjoy oneself by relaxing normal formalities. 6) “Blowing smoke” :- To be boasting without being able to back it up ; talking about action without intent to follow through. 7) “Bouched up” :- Substandard; Messed up; Make a shamble of. 8) “Brand Spanking New” :- New and Unused. 9) “Break A Leg” :- A wish of good luck, do well. 10) “A burnt child dreads the fire” :- One does not repeat a painful lesson twice. 11) “Bust your balls” :- To harass with the intent to break one’s spirit. 12) “Busting your chops” :- To say things intended to harass. 13) “Can’t hold a candle to” :- To be far less competent or have far less skills than someone else. 14) “Cat bird seat” :- A highly advantaged position, to have it all. 15) “Chew the fat” :- To talk about unimportant things. 16) “Clean bill of health” :- To be found healthy. 17) “Clear as a Bell” :- Clearly understood. 18) “Close, but no cigar” :- Nearly achieving success, but not quite. 19) “Cold Turkey” :- To Quit something abruptly. 20) “Cooking with gas” :- To be working fast, proceeding rapidly. 21) “ In the Crapper” :- In...
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...Ramos Jose I. Prof. Tantalo English 101 11/6/13 Essay 3 You’re only as Strong as Your Weakest Link Recently in Michigan there has been a reopening of a dispute traced back to the 1950’s. This argument is whether the use of affirmative action should be used when determining whether to accept or reject the request of an applicant. Affirmative Action refers to policies taken into consideration that may boost someone’s application and thus help them be accepted. These extra policies can used in jobs, universities and other similar competitive based applicable positions, normally they include race, religion or sex. These policies limit the field of applicants and thus make applying for an opening unfair to all that are not helped by it. It also helps create a wider gap in what we would want to have, equality. Instead of focusing on the helping it hides the origins of the original problem which is insufficient help to specific areas of cities, states and counties. During the year of 1978, the court case, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke was a major debate towards that of Affirmative action. Bakke was a 33 year old that had applied to UC Davis Medical School. Even though he had outstanding perquisites he was denied because of the school’s affirmative action helping minorities gain entrance even though they had lower scores. Upon learning of this Bakke decided to take the UC system to court upon which he won and was allowed attendance to the university. Traditionally...
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...Throughout my life, I have tried to be a well-balanced person. Growing up in the South, I had a hard time fighting the stereotypical image of a Chinese person. I was expected to be a math and science genius and nothing more. As it turned out, I defied my detractors by excelling in English and history along with math and science. And over the years, I have continued to maintain my academic standards. Nevertheless, I have also made sure that I am more than an academic person. I am an active one as well. In middle school, the most popular game during lunch was a basketball game called Salt and Pepper (white vs. black). The first day of school, I stepped onto the basketball courts and was greeted by cries of consternation, "Who is he? Is he salt or pepper?" But after the game, I had made a name for myself. From then onward, I would be known as Spice, and the game we played became Salt, Pepper, and Spice. When I moved to California, things were no different. I continued to play an active part both academically and socially. My involvement with Cross-country, Speech and Debate, Ultimate Frisbee and numerous clubs guaranteed that I would not be only known as an Honors student. Like myself, Duke is much more than an academic institution; it is a living institution. I feel that I will be given the opportunity to excel both academically and socially. Duke is a university known for its rich history and strong academic program. And, at the same time, it is also known for its innovation...
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...International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature ISSN 2200-3592 (Print), ISSN 2200-3452 (Online) Vol. 2 No. 4; July 2013 Copyright © Australian International Academic Centre, Australia A Stylistic Analysis of D.H. Lawrence’s ‘Sons and Lovers’ Nozar Niazi English Department, Lorestan University, Khorramabad-Iran E-mail: nozar_2002@yahoo.co.in Received: 04-04-2013 doi:10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.4p.118 Abstract Accepted: 14-05-2013 Published: 01-07-2013 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.4p.118 This paper aims at analyzing D.H. Lawrence’s ‘Sons and Lover’ using a stylistic approach. Stylistics is a study of the amalgamation of form with content. The stylistic analysis of a novel goes beyond the traditional, intuitive interpretation, because it combines intuition and detailed linguistic analysis of the text. The defining elements of modern language are within the text itself, not prescribed from outside. With modernist texts, usually understanding comes from close study of the language system defined within the text itself. Form, technique and style are considered not as a mere vehicle of the content of the story, but an integral part of the work’s meaning and value. In our analysis of ‘Sons and Lovers’ the resources of language: lexis, syntax, phonology, figurative language, cohesion and coherence, are discussed in relation to the style of discourse in order to explore hidden meanings in the text. The resources of language are shown...
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