...CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER Lung cancer is a disease in which a primary cancer (the original site where the cancer occurred) develops in the tissue of the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid 1800's. At the turn of the century, it was still considered a rarity ;that has changed dramatically. What has not changed is the difficultly of detecting lung cancer in its earliest stages when it has the greatest chance of being successfully treated. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among both men and women, with 168,000 new cases in 1992 and 146,00 deaths" ;(Winawer 283). "If you fall into the following categories of people who have been heavy smokers, you have the greatest chance of being diagnosed with lung cancer: a male over 60 ;someone who has smoked one for more packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years or longer ;someone who began to smoke before the age of 20 and is still smoking: a worker in a industrial plant with a high risk material, such as asbestos, who also smoke. Someone who has persistent or violent smokers cough ;someone who does not smoke but is frequently exposed to unnecessary passive smoke" ;(Cooper 114-120). Numerous studies all over the world have shown a link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, as well as other cancers, with an increase in cigarette smoking followed by an increase of lung cancer. Most of these studies involve the testing of non-smokers and smokers to see how things can affect them differently and...
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...years. “Black Lung: The Social Production of Disease” is a reading in the textbook about the coal miners fight to get ‘Black Lung’ recognized as a real disease and to get the proper treatment for the disease that they caught breathing in all of the dust in the mines. In contraire, the article “Multi-Party Responses to Environmental Problems” is about contaminant pesticides that sickened and killed a farmer’s herd, then affected neighbors and family as well. What’s different about this article is that they were unsuccessful in their fight. The film “A Poisoned Dream,” and the readings “Black Lung: The Social Production of Disease,” and “Multi-Party Responses to Environmental Problems” all show how people are willing to go to the extremes to fight for justice, which can be related to Hill and how she fought for the justice of the redwoods. “A Poisoned Dream,” one of the films showed in the last section of our class was about a town called Love Canal in upstate New York. This town was experiencing an unheard of number of birth defects and health issues in the US that was just too uncommon to be natural. Some examples of birth defects that happened in this town were children born deaf with a cleft palate, an extra row of teeth, slight retardation, and eye defects. Lois Gibbs noticed all of her friends and family experience these effects, and made “the click” between the health issues to the toxic dump that was once there before their town was built. When the EPA issued a study showing...
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...Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis disease is a type of pneumoconiosis. According to CDC, "pneumoconioses are a group of interstitial lung diseases caused by the inhalation of certain dusts and the lung tissue’s reaction to the dust" (Unknown, 2012). Coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP) is one of the common pneumoconioses diseases. CWP is not ethical, sexual, racial, or nutritional related. Instead it is environmental related. This type of pneumoconiosis can happen to anyone, it all depends on how long and how severe the exposure to coal dust is. How is CWP diagnosed? Different signs and symptoms of CWP include, cough, chest pain, breathlessness, impaired lung function, difficulty breathing, and progressive lung stiffening. There is only one true way to tell if someone has CWP and that is a chest X-ray and pulmonary function testing to see the lungs. These diagnostic studies found that once CWP was diagnosed it was too late to treat. This was due to no early signs. Instead of treating it there were ways that came to prevent it. Due to it being left untreated causes complications like lung cancer, respiratory and heart failure,...
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...The Black Death Bubonic Plague The bubonic plague is a highly infectious and fearsome disease that attacks the lungs and lymph nodes. It is also called the Black Death or black plague. The bubonic plague is caused by Pasteurella pestis, a bacteria which resides within infected fleas and rats. Victims of the bubonic plague develop early symptoms, such as shivering, vomiting, headache, intolerance to light, back and limb pain, and a white coating on the tongue. Eventually, they develop black egg-sized swellings (buboes) filled with blood and pus under the armpits and in the groin. As the disease progresses, internal bleeding leads to black patches on the skin, and the victim may die in three to five days. Invasion of the lungs by the bacterium causes an equally fatal form of the plague called pneumonic plague, which can be transmitted from person to person by air droplets and saliva. Historical records document outbreaks of the plague as early as 430 b.c., when an epidemic struck Athens, Greece; but the most notorious bubonic plague epidemic began in Europe around 1346, reportedly when a ship of sick and dying sailors arrived at the Black Sea port of Caffa. This plague lasted four years and killed about one-third of the population of Europe, or approximately 20 million people. For hundreds of years after, epidemics of bubonic plague would sweep across the world killing millions more. The disease was so lethal that some victims supposedly would go to bed healthy and die in...
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...Pathophysiology essay Lung compliance and its disorders Philippe Wöllenstein Study group 3052; Topic No.62 29.04.2015 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract ------------------------------------------------- The essay comprises an introduction explaining the term pulmonary compliance. The next section includes a definition and characteristics of the group of diseases-restrictive pulmonary disorders. Further on a short summary of restrictive lung diseases and especially their cause follows trying to contribute a better knowledge of the topic to the reader. In the end the reader can find a short conclusion. Table of contents General information about lung compliance Restrictive pulmonary diseases intrinsic restrictive lung diseases Extrinsic restrictive lung diseases 1. Neurological disorders 2. Neurodegenerative-autoimmune-inherited disorders III. Conclusion IV. Resources I. General information about lung compliance Compliance is a measure of the elasticity of body tissues. The latter specifies how much gas or liquid can be filled in a closed system until the pressure rises up to one pressure unit. To understand the mechanism of the pulmonary compliance it is important to define the The alveolar pressure first. The latter is the pressure found inside the alveolus at any instant of the respiration. Thus at resting position, without any air flowing in or out of the lung , the pressure found in the alveolus is equal 0cm...
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...lung cancer Lung cancer is one of the main causes of death in men and women. People think that the cause of lung cancer is only smoking which in cases it is the main cause of this specific cancer but there are other ways to get lung cancer. Another way you can catch lung cancer is second hand smoke someone can be so healthy and yet be around someone and easily get lung cancer. There are two types of lung cancer small cell lungs (SCLC) and the other is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Doctors say that (SCLC) is better to treat than (NSCLC) because (SCLC) spreads more slower and more able to catch then (NSCLC). But just because doctors can find it doesn’t mean they find it in time to treat the cancer in time. Lung cancer prognosis...
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...Unit 7: Sociological perspectives for health and social care Contents No. | Title | Page no. | 1 | P1: Explain the principal sociological perspectives | 3 | 2 | P2: Explain different sociological approaches to health and ill health | 4 | 3 | P3: Explain patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings | 5-7 | | Bibliography | 8 | P1: Explain the principal sociological perspectives Functionalism- The functionalism perspective is the main rule in society and sees society in different ways. Functionalism sees society as a system of highly interrelated parts that work together harmoniously. The main role of an intuition was to socialise with individuals and to ensure that they understood the underlying values of their society and behaved in acceptable ways. This ensured that was order in society. An example of the functionalist approach is that they view society as a body and each part has a function for society to work harmoniously. Marxism- Marxism perspective is a structuralism model. This approach was produced by Karl Marx. He also thought that individual behaviour was shaped by society, but then he realised the economic system was the definition of society and people’s place within it. He then identified that in the industrial society of his time there were two social classes. The bourgeoisies/capitalists– the small powerful group who owned factories and the employments and the proletariat– a much larger poorer group of “worker”...
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...in the United States. Epidemiologists study the frequency and distribution of diseases within human populations and environments. Specifically, they measure the incidence of disease occurrence and relate it to different characteristics of populations and environments. Epidemiologists perform research, education, and public health practice in universities, government agencies, international organizations, and private corporations. Therefore epidemiologists study a wide range of healthcare issues. Epidemiologist study and research regions or different populations regarding serious life threatening diseases, diseases that are infectious, the life span of illness in families a well as environmental pollutants that occur. Epidemiologists collect and further analyze important information about public health and the behavior of diseases. After researching and analyzing collections an Epidemiologist explain and also reveals to the public about the findings of their research. Epidemiologist study the distribution of health-related events in a specific population and the purpose of this study in order to control health problems that occur. “Epidemiology includes the methods for measuring the health of groups and for determining the attributes and exposures that influence health; the study of the occurrence of disease in its natural habitat rather than the controlled environment of the laboratory; and the methods for the quantitative study of the distribution, variation, and determinants...
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...Lung cancer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about lung carcinomas. For other lung tumors, see Lung tumor. Lung cancer Classification and external resources LungCACXR.PNG A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) ICD-10 C33-C34 ICD-9 162 DiseasesDB 7616 MedlinePlus 007194 eMedicine med/1333 med/1336 emerg/335 radio/807 radio/405 radio/406 MeSH D002283 Lung cancer (also known as carcinoma of the lung) is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in the lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. The main primary types are small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), also called oat cell cancer, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The most common symptoms are coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pains.[1] The most common cause is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke,[2] which causes 80–90% of lung cancers.[1] Nonsmokers account for 10–15% of lung cancer cases,[3] and these cases are often attributed to a combination of genetic factors,[4] and exposure to; radon gas,[4] asbestos,[5] and air pollution[4] including second-hand smoke.[6][7] Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy[8]...
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... It is smoking? It is killing many people? Why, would you want to smoke, if it causes so many dead people have all kinds of excuses for that question, Some of which include: “I’m stressed out”, “I need to lose weight”, and “I just want to fit in”. Would you want to die because you wanted to lose weight, you felt stressed, or you just want to be cool? There are many reasons why you should not-start smoking and why you should stop smoking now. II. Backgroud of the study Smoking is an adaptive behaviour which in most cases acquired when an individual is aware of the effects the associated with the habit. A large number of smokers know both the long and short term, smoking is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, emphysema, and also premature aging. ‘‘Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health?” This is the packaging warning message. Cigarette, from the french word “cigarette”, meaning “small cigar”. Is a small cylinder effects of this habit which include respiratory diseases and cancer. Shockingly of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. The term cigarette is commonly used, refers to a tobacco but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as ascloves or cannabis. The smoking habit is easily acquired by an individual. This is because there are various reasons attract an individual into attempting to smoke. Some individuals take the habit as a show off thus they start smoking since they believe in an ideology...
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...Pneumoniae is the causative agent of lung disease Pneumonia. Pneumonia was described as early as two thousand five hundred years ago by the Hippocrates. DR. Williams Osler, whom has studied pneumonia throughout his career, described pneumonia as the “captain of the men of death” owing to its great effect on humanity (Pneumonia,2006).The term pneumonia refers to any infection of the lung. Pneumococcal pneumonia is the term that is used to describe pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal pneumonia not only affects the lungs but other parts of the body such as upper respiratory tract, middle ear, or the nervous system causing pneumococcal meningitis. Pneumococcal meningitis has a high fatality rate when compared to the other infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The means of transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae is via respiratory droplet from the mouth or nose of an infected person or a carrier. Penicillin became available in the 1940’s which changed radically the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia which was based on watchful waiting. Despite this major development pneumonia still posed a major clinical problem today because of the resistance the organism developed against anti -microbial agents.Penicillin resistance is caused by a mosaic mutation of penicillin binding Protein (PBP) genes due to interspecies recombination of homologous genes. It is also recognized that a penicillin resistant pneumococcal in most cases is resistant to other antibiotics...
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...copy ASSIGNMENT 4 CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DECISION MAKING CASE STUDY Formulate a plan on how you would use clinical epidemiology to guide your opinions and actions on dealing with this issue. Plan: Contact Department of Environmental Protection to see what type of mold we are dealing with. I need to estimate how many people are involved How many personal house and commercial building. Assess how many people will need medical attention, so I will know how many medical staff to have available. Once I have all those things in place; I can give my opinion and what type of action need to be taken to prevent as many people as I can from health injuries pertaining to mold. Propose three types of molds that could develop from flood damage and the associated health risks with each type of mold. Different types of mold - black mold, toxic mold, allergenic mold - are present all the time around us and in the air we breathe. In low levels, molds and mold spores are generally harmless but if their levels increase they can affect people; especially people with allergies, asthma and respiratory conditions or suppressed immune system. Allergenic mold and mold spores are normally not dangerous to humans in low amounts, but they cause allergic or asthmatic symptoms. Generally, these types of mold can be relatively easy and safely cleaned...
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...been involved in a mass of tobacco smoke? When you are involving in these situations, how do you feel about it? Currently a huge number of people in our world are addicted to tobaccos. Most of us know that smoking tobacco is harmful for our health. According to tobaccofreeweld.com, there are many cons for smoking such as increasing high risk of heart attack, anxiety and other chronic disease to personal health. However, even though most people know that smoking tobacco is harmful fewer people acknowledge that the tobacco smoke can also hurt our health. Most people are told that the toxic chemicals are frequently found in cigarette while some of them may not know that these toxic chemicals are contained in cigarette smoke as well. “… Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals. Some smoke components, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and nitrogen oxides, are gases. Others, such as formaldehyde, acrolein, benzene, and certain N-nitrosamines, are volatile chemicals contained in the liquid- vapor portion of the smoke aerosol…” According to Cigarette Smoke Components and Disease by Jeffrey E. Harris, we can see that there are several toxic chemical elements contained in tobacco smoke such as Carbon Monxide, Hydrogen Cyanide and so on. Scientists have discovered that when one person is smoking around a group of people, not only he would be affected by the toxic cigarette elements but also the group of people around him would be “poisoned”. This group of people...
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...condition that affects all populations without racial, ethnic, or gendered prejudices. Although many communities endure the suffering associated with this life-threatening disease, studies have shown amplified numbers among African Americans. Of the 25 million Americans who have asthma, in 2010, more than four million were reported to be African American (Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute [PCORI], 2013). Not only are they more susceptible to developing it, but African Americans are also at higher risk of asthma related deaths as well (Silvers & Lang, 2012). There is no doubt that the disparities presented are a stark reminder that we, as a nation must convey the severity of asthma and its threat on African Americans. What is Asthma? Asthma is a common disease that affects the lungs, and lives, of 25 million Americans (PCORI, 2013). The disease itself will narrow and inflame the airway passages, making it difficult to breathe. People plagued by asthma experience many symptoms some of which include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightening (US Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2013). The symptoms can range from mild to severe and even life threatening. Asthma is a lifelong battle. There is no cure for the disease; however, asthmatics learn to manage and treat their disease. Through active and healthy lifestyles, asthmatics can live very normal lives. Causes While research has not been able to pinpoint the exact cause of asthma, it is evident...
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...Bronchial Asthma is an inflammatory disease that deals with your airways and your lungs.Asthma doesn't yet have a cure, but there are specific medications you can take that are their to control your asthma symptoms.Asthma is associated with your respiratory system and it can cause trouble breathing with symptoms of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath and tightness in your chest.This disease has been more prevalent in recent years, with an increased rate of children with asthma. When it comes to bronchial asthma there are many different factors that can trigger an asthma attack,but with different people the triggers for each person may vary.Some of the factors that trigger asthma attacks include many different type of allergens like pollen,pets, mold, dust mites, tobacco smoke. Other things include exercise, inhaling cold or dry air, and Gastroesophageal reflux disease is also known as acid reflux which is a digestive...
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