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Block Diagram of 8085

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8/26/2010

Introduction to 8085
 It was introduced in 1977.
 It is 8-bit microprocessor.
 Its actual name is 8085 A.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
INTEL 8085

 It is single NMOS device.
 It contains 6200

transistors approx.
 Its dimensions are

GURSHARAN SINGH TATLA professorgstatla@gmail.com 164 mm x 222 mm.
 It is having 40 pins Dual-

Inline-Package (DIP).
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Introduction to 8085

It has three advanced versions: 

The advanced versions consume 20% less power supply. 

The clock frequencies of
8085 are:

◦ 8085 AH
◦ 8085 AH2
◦ 8085 AH1



These advanced versions are designed using HMOS technology. ◦ 8085 A

3 MHz
3 MHz
5 MHz
6 MHz

◦ 8085 AH
◦ 8085 AH2
◦ 8085 AH1

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Three Units of 8085



Block Diagram of 8085

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Instruction Unit



5

Processing Unit

Storage and Interface Unit

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Processing Unit

Instruction Unit





Instruction Register



Accumulator



Instruction Decoder



Status Flags



Timing and Control Unit



7

Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Temporary Register

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Three Other Units



General Purpose Registers



Interrupt Controller



Stack Pointer



Serial I/O Controller



Program Counter



Power Supply



Increment/Decrement Register



Address Latch


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Address/Data Latch

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Gursharan Singh Tatla professorgstatla@gmail.com Accumulator


It performs various arithmetic and logic operations. 

The data is available in accumulator and temporary/general purpose registers.



 It is also called register ‘A’.

Arithmetic Operations:

 It is an 8-bit register.
 It is used in the arithmetic and logic operations.
 It always contains one of the operands on which

 Addition, Subtraction, Increment, Decrement etc.

arithmetic/logic has to be performed.


 After the arithmetic/logic operation, the contents of

accumulator are replaced by the result.
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Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)

 It the main register of microprocessor.

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Logic Operations:
 AND, OR, X-OR, Complement etc.

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Temporary Register


It is used to store temporary 8-bit operand from general purpose register.



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It is an 8-bit register.



Status Flags

It is also used to store intermediate results.

Gursharan Singh Tatla professorgstatla@gmail.com 

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Status Flags are set of flip-flops which are used to check the status of Accumulator after the operation is performed.

Gursharan Singh Tatla professorgstatla@gmail.com Status Flags


S

=

Z

=

Zero Flag



AC =

Auxiliary Carry Flag



P

=

Parity Flag



CY =

Status Flags

Sign Flag



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Carry Flag



Sign Flag (S):
 It tells the sign of result stored in Accumulator after

the operation is performed.
 If result is –ve, sign flag is set (1).

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Gursharan Singh Tatla professorgstatla@gmail.com Status Flags


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Status Flags


Zero Flag (Z):

Auxiliary Carry Flag (AC):
 It is used in BCD operations.

 It tells whether the result stored in Accumulator is

zero or not after the operation is performed.

 When there is carry in BCD addition, we add 0110

(6) to the result.

 If result is zero, zero flag is set (1).

 If there is carry in BCD addition, auxiliary carry is

 If result is not zero, zero flag is reset (0).

set (1).
 If there is no carry, auxiliary carry is reset (0).

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Status Flags

Program Status Word (PSW)




The contents of Accumulator and Status Flags clubbed together is known as Program Status
Word (PSW).



It is a 16-bit word.

Parity Flag (P):
 It tells the parity of data stored in Accumulator.
 If parity is even, parity flag is set (1).
 If parity is odd, parity flag is reset (0).

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Gursharan Singh Tatla professorgstatla@gmail.com Instruction Register

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Instruction Decoder





It interprets the instruction stored in instruction register. 

It is an 8-bit register.



It generates various machine cycles depending upon the instruction.



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It is used to hold the current instruction which the microprocessor is about to execute.

The machine cycles are then given to the Timing and Control Unit.

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Timing and Control Unit

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Timing and Control Unit
 RD (Read, active low).





 WR (Write, active low).

It controls all the operations of microprocessor and peripheral devices.

 IO/M (Input-Output/Memory).

Depending upon the machine cycles received from Instruction Decoder, it generates 12 control signals:  READY
 RESET IN
 RESET OUT

 S0 and S1 (Status Signals).

 CLK OUT

 ALE (Address Latch Enable).
 HOLD and HLDA
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General Purpose Registers

Program Counter

 There are 6 general purpose registers, namely B, C, D, E, H, L.



It is used to hold the address of next instruction to be executed.



It is a 16-bit register.



The microprocessor increments the value of
Program Counter after the execution of the current instruction, so that, it always points to the next instruction.

 Each of the them is 8-bit register.
 They are used to hold data and results.
 To hold 16-bit data, combination of two 8-bit registers can be

used.
 This combination is known as Register Pair.
 The valid register pairs are:
 B – C,

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D – E,

H – L.

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Stack Pointer

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Increment/Decrement Register




It is also 16-bit register.



Any portion of memory can be used as stack.

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This register is used to increment or decrement the value of Stack Pointer.
During PUSH operation, the value of Stack
Pointer is incremented.



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It holds the address of top most item in the stack.

During POP operation, the value of Stack Pointer is decremented.

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Address/Data Latch
 The lower-byte of address and 8-bit of data are

multiplexed.


It is group of 8 buffers.

 It holds either lower-byte of address or 8-bits of data.



The upper-byte of 16-bit address is stored in this latch.  This is decided by ALE (Address Latch Enable)



signal.
 If ALE = 1 then

And then it is made available to the peripheral devices.  Address/Data Latch contains lower-byte of address.

 If ALE = 0 then
 It contains 8-bit data.
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Serial I/O Controller


It is used to convert serial data into parallel and parallel data into serial.



Microprocessor works with 8-bit parallel data.



Serial I/O devices works with serial transfer of data. 

Interrupt Controller


It is used to handle the interrupts.



There are 5 interrupt signals in 8085:

Therefore, this unit is the interface between microprocessor and serial I/O devices.

 TRAP
 RST 7.5
 RST 6.5
 RST 5.5
 INTR

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Power Supply

Interrupt controller receives these interrupts according to their priority and applies them to the microprocessor. 

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There is one outgoing signal INTA which is called
Interrupt Acknowledge.

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The microprocessor needs +5V power supply for its operation.

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...VOCATIONAL HIGHER SECONDARY TEACHER’S SOURCE BOOK COMPUTER SCIENCE FIRST YEAR Government of Kerala Department of Education SCERT - 2005-06 STATE COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING Vidyabhavan, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram-12 Prepared by: State Council of Educational Research & Training (SCERT) Vidyabhavan, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram -12 Kerala E-mail:scertkerala@asianetindia.com Type setting by: SCERT Computer Lab. © Government of Kerala Education Department 2005 P REFACE Dear Teachers, Computer Science is concerned with the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage and retrival of knowledge. Understanding Computer Science, is necessary because of its power and influence in modern society. Learning of Computer Science should be activity based, process oriented, student-centred, environmental based and life oriented. The approach to learning is based on five domains of science: Knowledge domain, process domain, application and connection domain, domain of attitudes and values and creativity domain. But we know that most of the present vocational higher secondary teachers are not familiar with this paradigm. Hence for the first time we are introducing sourcebooks for all the subjects in the vocational higher secondary curriculum. This source book for computer science aims to provide guidelines to the teachers of our state to change their pedagogy from the conventional content-based approach to the process...

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