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Blood Type

In: Science

Submitted By Afi123
Words 664
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June is being treated at the hospital for severe wounds after a car crash. Although June has Type B blood, she is given Type O blood.
During transfusion, the blood of donor and recipient is categorized into following types: A, B, AB and O. This classification is based on the presence or absence of protein agglutinogens or antigens in the blood. In type A and type B blood, antigen A and B is present, respectively. In type AB both antigens A and B is present while, in type O blood, neither of these proteins exist.
In the absence of antigen A, Red blood cells develop Anti-A antibodies known as agglutinins. Same happens in the type B as the absence of antigen B cause the production of Anti-B Antibodies in the plasma. In this case, Anti-A antibodies are present due to the lack of antigen A and presence of antigen B on the surface of red blood cells. Type O blood contains no antigens that is why it develops anti-A and anti-B agglutinins or antibodies. Finally type AB blood contains A and B antigens, so not any antibodies or agglutinins.
Antibodies are gamma globulins produced by bone marrow and lymph gland cells that produce antibodies against any antigens. Most of the antibodies are IgM and IgG immunoglobulin molecules (Klein & Anstee, 2008).
Infusion of blood with any group antigen like type-A in a recipient with blood group-B, as in the case of June, cause a typical immune response. This response against antigen A makes much stronger Anti-A antibodies and at a greater quantity than ever. When anti-A and anti-B plasma antibodies come in contact of the plasma with A and B antigens, the red blood cells agglutinate. This process causes clumping of red blood cells. In the transfusion case of June, she is given Type O blood. This transfusion is acceptable, because Type O has no antigens on its surface, and when it enters recipient's body, the anti-A antibodies of

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