...Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) is the examination of the shapes, locations, and distribution of patterns of bloodstains, in order to provide an interpretation of the physical events that gave rise to their origin. When BPA is done properly, many things can be discerned including distance from the blood source to the target, direction of travel and impact angles, nature of the force used to cause the bloodshed, sequencing of multiple bloodshed events, and interpretation of contact or transfer patterns. When it has been properly documented, BPA can also be used to confirm of refute the position of a victim, witness, suspect, or defendant, determine if there is evidence of a struggle, or if the assault was “one sided”, and confirm or refute statements made by the principles in a case, as in telling if the patterns match accounts given by victims, witnesses or defendants. Blood has specific characteristics that are exhibited in the way it behaves when separated from the blood source. Blood is always spherical in shape until it impacts a particular surface. This is due to the fact that blood naturally pulls in on itself, both horizontally and vertically, due to its specific surface tension. Spatters of blood occur when blood is acted upon by force and travels through the air before landing on a target surface. Transfers occur when a blood source comes in direct contact with the target surface area. Depending on the surface texture of the area, bloodstains...
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...14 December 2014 Blood and Guns The world of Forensic Scientist is an amazing and fascinating place. There are so many aspects that go into forensic science but in this paper we are only covering bloodstain spatter patterns. Bloodstain spatter patterns are not solely used to solve crimes but I do feel it is one of the most important. Bloodstains never lie. A bullet is traveling at its fastest speed when it leaves the barrel of the gun. Bullets traveling after firing is said to be using kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy the bullet has due to its motion from the firing pin striking the gun powder causing an explosion that forced the bullet to discharge from the barrel. Now this bullet possess kinetic energy and will do harm to anything lying within its targeted path. (Kinetic Energy website) The kinetic energy given to bullets fried from rifles will be a higher velocity then that of a pistol or shot gun. Rifles barrels are longer and constructed to with stand more pressure and thus leading to a greater velocity of kinetic energy on a bullet (Warlow 67). Death can occur from firing a bullet straight up in the air. When the bullet is returning to the earth due to the gravitational pull it will pick up velocity. However the bullet can return either base or head side up (89). Powders also have different burning rates for different guns. When you have a longer barrel your burning rate of powder will be longer but if your barrel is shorter then you will have a faster...
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...LAB REPORT BLOODSTAIN ANALYSIS (http://www.crimescene-forensics.com/images/Blood_Spatter_001B.gif) COURSE: CHM 1107: Introduction to Forensic Science - Professor Ira S. Krull DATE: 10.27.11 INTRODUCTION Blood is a biological fluid found in animals that delivers necessary nutrients and oxygen throughout the body and carries away metabolic waste products. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 liters, comprising of plasma, blood cells and platelets, and it is usually red in color, though not always. The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells, constituting about 45% of whole blood. These cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which distributes oxygen throughout the human body. Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart through the superior vena cava (see Fig 1). It then enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. (Fig 1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg/220px-Diagram_of_the_human_heart_%28cropped%29.svg.png) Blood is a type of evidence found most often at violent crime scenes and...
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...Insects are very location specific, and if insects are found on or within the remains that are not specific to that location, it can provide detail as to the place of death. Entomology can determine if a body has been moved or disturbed. This information can be critical to solving a crime. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis can be helpful in the determination of a crime scene provided that there is bloodstain present. It can determine whether something or somebody has been moved, and it can tell whether a crime scene has been contaminated through swipe patterns, and blood transfers. It can provide the direction of travel that the victim, or perpetrator moved, and offer a relative rate of speed. A perfect example of BPA offering information about the location is Sergeant Diane Cockle’s 2012 Kelowna Keith WIENS homicide case in which Cockle says, “ A retired mountie who killed his wife and staged the scene - BPA evidence was critical for the...
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...against her kitchen sink, struck again then onto the floor where she fell against her fridge. Evidence shows that Molly was struck in her head at least eight times. Her business partner, & son in law David Hill stated that he found Ms. Wright in that position, & then tried to revive her but the (BPA) Bloodstain Pattern Analysis proved different. Because of the blood splatter that was found on Hill’s shoes, jeans, and denim jacket it was proved by Bloodstain Pattern Expert (BPE) Samantha Warna that Hill was no more than a meter away while Wright was being bludgeoned. Based on the size of the blood spots found on his clothing due to the cast-off motion, it left patterns that could not have been caused due to cradling Molly, or trying to revive her. A cast-off blood stain pattern is when blood is flown off the weapon in a swinging motion during the beating. The scientific findings proved that David Hill killed...
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...Running Head: Blood Splatter Analysis Blood Spatter Analysis Kenisha Callahan AJS 592 Dr. Steven Gilbert Blood Spatter Analysis Blood spatter analysis is “the systematic assessment of the visual patterns of bloodstains at crime scenes based on the physics of fluids” (Brodbeck, 2012, p. 51). It has been studied since 1895 when Dr. Eduard Piotrowski published "Concerning the Origin, Shape, Direction and Distribution of the Bloodstains Following Head Wounds Caused by Blows." The next acknowledgment of BPA was in 1955 when Dr. Paul Kirk entered blood splatter evidence in the State of Ohio v. Samuel Sheppard case. Dr. Herbert MacDonell started training personnel of law enforcement about blood spatter analysis in 1971. Since that time, bloodstain pattern analysis has grown and continues to develop. Blood pattern analysis is used in a lot of crime scene investigations and can hold valuable information. Blood spatters can indicate important clues such as, the number of blows to the victim, the force of the blows, weapon used, and position and/or movement of the victim and suspect. Blood spatter can be classified into three categories, low velocity, medium velocity, and high velocity (Saferstein, 2011). Low velocity spatter consists of large separate or compound drops with diameters measuring three millimeters or more. It is usually the result of dripping blood. Medium...
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...Blood is a very good source of evidence. The DNA can be extracted from the blood and help narrow down suspects. The way the blood spatters are found in the crime scene can help investigators piece together the events of the crime. This is why it is important to correctly document and handle it while avoiding cross contamination. Forensic scientists are faced with either dried blood or wet blood. Different methods of extracting the blood sample sometimes depends !3 on the location of it. Each hold their advantages and disadvantages in their approaches to retrieve the best quality of samples. Biological Evidence Pertaining to dried blood stains, different methods are required to retrieve a good sample. One method is “tape lifting” bloodstains by...
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...Natasha Warburton Homicide Week 7 Bloodstain pattern analysis is defined as the examination of shapes, locations and distribution patterns of bloodstains, this source has been a helpful resource to the law enforcement with solving there case and recognizing what type of criminal act was committed. Bloodstain patterns can help investigators understand the actions and motions of the victim and the suspect throughout the crime scene. The patterns may indicate that a crime first thought of as a suicide was in fact a homicide. The analysis of bloodstain patterns is a complicated discipline and requires much experience with many different situations to learn to do an accurate reading. The bloodstain pattern analysis plays a very important role in the reconstruction of many crime scenes. The various types of bloodstains account for how the blood was projected from the body. Blood may be dripped out of the body, sprayed from an artery, oozed out through a large wound or flung off a weapon that has struck another person. Through bloodstain pattern analysis, analysts can determine, among other things, the type of injuries received, the order in which the injuries were received, whose blood is present at the scene, and more. As I read throughout the chapter I notice that bloodstain pattern analysis can form a very interesting story that keeps the media itself entertained. The reason I said this is that, it turns out that the location where the blood lands, and the shape of the...
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...Blood Stain Pattern Analysis: Blood stain pattern analysis is a form of forensic science that examines blood at crime scenes. From analyzing blood at the crime scene analysts can determine many different things about the crime scene. Some of which include: Where the blood came from What caused the wounds? From what direction was the victim wounded? How were the victim(s) and perpetrator(s) positioned? What movements were made after the bloodshed? How many potential perpetrators were present? Does the bloodstain evidence support or refute witness statements? Because blood behaves according to certain scientific principles, trained bloodstain pattern analysts can examine the blood evidence left behind and draw conclusions as to how the blood may have been shed. From what may appear to be a random distribution of bloodstains at a crime scene, analysts can categorize the stains by gathering information from spatter patterns, transfers, voids and other marks that assist investigators in recreating the sequence of events that occurred after bloodshed. This form of physical evidence requires the analyst to recognize and interpret patterns to determine how those patterns were created. Analysts must obtain a four year degree in forensic science or a Bachelor of Science degree before becoming an analyst. Often elastic string is stretched from blood droplets on the angle that of impact to determine where the blood originated from. Blood splatter can tell the police...
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...Trace Evidence at Crime Scene Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Trace evidence are substances established in very small amounts at the point of crime that can be analyzed and investigated to come up with viable information about the subject under investigation. Such substances may include hair, fiber, glass, glass, metal, paper, paint or botanical sources such as soil, pollen or leaves. Presence of these traces is as a result of the culprits unconsciously coming into contact with the surface (Fish & Braswell, 2011). How long such traces remain at the crime scene depends on the persistence of the substance in terms of its size and shape, amount deposited, actions between deposition and revival, scenery of environment and the amount of time passed. Irregular services tend to collect the evidence more readily than smooth surfaces. Paint can be in term of liquid, fragments, or smears. This usually identified in terms of color, type, texture, layers structure and composition. When paint dries it forms a layer that is thin and hard. It is made up of several constituents that include carriers, pigments, modifiers, extenders and binders. Carriers are the substance that becomes a solid when evaporation takes place usually an organic liquid. Pigment is the substance that gives the paint its color (Fish & Braswell, 2011). It is worth noting that blue and green pigment is usually organic compounds whereas red, yellow and white...
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...Forensics of Blood Blood evidence is the most common, most recognized and possibly most important evidence in the world of criminal justice. Throughout the history of violent and fatal crimes, bloodstain evidence has recently begun to emerge as a recognized forensic skill. “Blood is one of the most significant and frequently encountered types of physical evidence associated with forensic investigation of death and violent crime” (Eckert & James, 11). When a violent crime has been committed, blood is commonly left behind at the scene of the crime. This blood evidence allows police investigators to piece together the events of the crime. The texture, size, shape, and distribution of the blood can be used to determine when the crime occurred, what weapon was used, how the victim was standing, how many times the victim was hit, and more. Even if the perpetrator attempted to cover up the crime by cleaning the blood, evidence of blood still remains. Forensic investigators have different tests that can see where blood has been, whether it is blood, saliva, or semen, and also can test whether the blood is even human or not. Going even further, more tests can be done to compare the blood of different individuals to determine whether or not they were the perpetrator. Within the blood, there is a liquid portion called plasma making up about 55% of the total volume of blood. The plasma contains mostly water with some nutrients, minerals, and oxygen. In the plasma, there are red and...
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...Crime scene investigation is the meeting point between science, logic and law. Processing a crime scene is and long and tedious process and is the job of crime scene investigators (CSI). CSI has the responsibilities of collecting, documenting, preserving, reconstructing and presenting evidence. It is their job to examine any physical evidence that could remotely shed any light on what happened and who is responsible. There are no typical crime scenes, evidence or investigative approaches and every crime scene should be approached in a systematic sense. According to Robert R. Ogle Jr., a crime scene search is defined as a systematic, methodical search for any physical evidence at a crime scene. Before the job of CSI can begin, there has to be a crime committed. For instance, CSI are on call for murder scene investigations to collect and examine evidence. When CSI is contacted, their job begins. Evidence is a major part in any investigation. Without evidence, a case can grow cold quick. Anything can be evidence and when in a crime scene, everything should be treated as such. Evidence has many different categories: trace, firearm, impression, drug and alcohol, document, and biological fluids. All of these categories of evidence play an important part in finding out valuable information towards solving a case. The most important aspect of evidence collection and preservation is protecting the crime scene. When first approaching a crime scene, first responders should secure the...
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...Blood Spatter Pattern Analysis Kimberley Kanuch-Brown Everest University Abstract Given that blood spatter analysis is an emergent field, with rapidly occurring developments have significant probative implications for the court system, this project will seek to examine the multi-faceted elements of blood spatter analysis to provide an overview of the field’s different dimensions. Focusing on technical developments, analytical interpretation and court relevance, the project will propose that blood spatter’s analysis as a mainstream element of the CSI toolkit results from the combination of physical sciences and analytical rigor which lies at its core. Beginning with questions of technical and physical science, the project will examine the manner in which blood spatter analysis is increasingly capable of understanding how human usage of different weapons impacts the static nature of a given crime scene. Moving to questions of interpretation, the project will touch upon the manner in which information technology is improving the rigor and caliber of analysis, and thus leading to greater continuity and replicability in blood spatter analysis. Concluding, it will examine the manner in which the court system is now viewing blood spatter analysis with greater heft because of these developments. Blood Spatter Analysis and Science Beginning with questions of science, the work of Randall (2009) demonstrates how even the most esoteric of weapons can be analyzed using blood-spatter...
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...ultraviolet light test, a luminol test, an amido black test, and the use of a highly trained dog. Two main scientific methods used in the solving of this case were hair and DNA analysis and the use of mass spectrometry. When the woman was missing and the only lead the forensic officers had was the bloody pillow case; they had to use various scientific methods in order to solve the case. The forensic officers started using their methods where they suspected the crime had taken place which was in the woman’s bedroom. They noticed that woman’s bed was clean and had no blood on it. They suspected that the blood might have been cleaned up and decided to use luminol. “Luminol is the most sensitive test that is capable of presumptively detecting bloodstains diluted to as little as 1 in 100,000;...
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...Forensic Misconduct: Dr. Pamela A. Fish Kirstin L. Daniels Professor Ian Rodway George Mason University Forensic Misconduct: Pamela A Fish Forensic science is defined as the practice of utilizing scientific methodologies to clarify judicial inquiries. The field of forensic science contains a broad range of disciplines and has become a vital aspect of criminal investigations. Some forensic disciplines are laboratory-based; while others are based on an analyst’s interpretation of observable patterns (Kourtsounis, 2009). According to the Innocence project’s website; in greater than fifty percent of wrongful convictions, the use of invalidated or improper forensic techniques played a role in cases; which were later overturned by DNA testing. Unlike other forensic methods, serology has been subjected to rigorous scientific testing to achieve validation. Even still, these methods can be inaccurately conducted or counterfactually conveyed during the trial (Innocence Project, 2012). Since the evidence presented during a trial can be the difference between freedom, and incarceration in many cases and death in some cases, misconduct in the forensic field is not tolerated. Some types of forensic misconduct include exaggeration of statistics, false testimony and laboratory fraud. Evidence offered by forensic scientists is often called “expert testimony”. Nevertheless, what is an expert? Is it someone who has gone to school and earned an undergraduate, graduate...
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